scholarly journals Aversion-preference patterns in amino acid- or protein-deficient rats: a comparison with previously reported responses to thiamin-deficient diets

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Fromentin ◽  
Dorothy W. Gietzen ◽  
Stylianos Nicolaidis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Vitamin Deficiency ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Thiamin Deficiency ◽  
The Face ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Protein Diets

The purpose of the present experiments was to extend previous data on the strategy used by adult rats to select feed appropriately when faced with diets devoid of protein or an essential amino acid (EAA), and to compare this strategy with that used when facing vitamin (thiamin) deficiency. Rats fed on either balanced or deficient (EAA or protein) diets were offered a choice between a novel deficient and a familiar (deficient or corrected) diet and their choice was monitored. It was shown that protein- and EAA-deficient rats acquired an aversion for their corresponding familiar devoid diet, which by itself promoted a neophilia for the novel diet. This neophilia was not non-specific because protein-deficient rats facing a choice between a protein-devoid and an EAA-devoid diet did exhibit neophilia but only in the short term (less than 5h), and then switched to a preference for the familiar protein-devoid diet. These results show that, in contrast to the case of vitamin deficiency, the protein- or EAA-devoid diet-induced neophilia can be rapidly reversed if the novel feed happens to be more deleterious than the familiar, inappropriate one. This behaviour suggests the existence of sensitive mechanisms able to reveal within a short time the EAA inadequacy of the ingested feed and to adapt the choice for the most appropriate feeds more promptly than in the face of thiamin deficiency. Thus it appears that balancing EAA is more urgent than balancing thiamin.

scholarly journals Essential Amino Acid Deficiency Enhances Long-Term Intake but Not Short-Term Licking of the Required Nutrient

1999 ◽  
Vol 129 (8) ◽  
pp. 1604-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy Markison ◽  
Dorothy W. Gietzen ◽  
Alan C. Spector
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Amino Acid Deficiency ◽  
Acid Deficiency

Effect of Short-Term Essential Amino Acid-Containing Dialysate in Young Children on CAPD

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Honda ◽  
Yasunori Kamiyama ◽  
Osamu Hasegawa ◽  
Kiyotaka Hoshinaga ◽  
Osamu Ogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serum Amino Acids ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

In young children on CAPD, hypoproteinemia and malnutrition are often observed. We used essential amino acid-containing dialysate (EMD) to assess short-term effectiveness on serum amino acid concentrations in young children undergoing CAPD. EMD consisted of a 540 ml, 1.5% glucose-containing dialysate and 100 ml of 7.4% essential amino acid (EM) solution. Aside from methionine, all serum EM rose during the 6 hour peritoneal dialysis cycle using EMD, peaking at about 200% of pre-treatment level one hour after start of treatment. They then returned to near pre-treatment levels at the end of the cycle. However, serum methionine increased 680% of pre-treatment level, one hour after start and 390% at the end of the cycle. In the serum non-EM tyrosine, which showed low levels in patients with chronic renal failure, increased after EMD treatment. Other non-EM, most of which showed increased levels in patients with chronic renal failure, decreased after EMD treatment. These changes in serum amino acids suggest that EM, absorbed from EMD, may have increased uptake of non-EM in protein synthesis. This may improve the nutritional status of young children on CAPD.

scholarly journals Short-term inhibition of glutamine synthetase leads to reprogramming of amino acid and lipid metabolism in roots and leaves of tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Ya Liu ◽  
Dandan Tang ◽  
Yuanzhi Shi ◽  
Lifeng Ma ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Short Term ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Related Compounds

Abstract Background Nitrogen (N) nutrition significantly affected metabolism and accumulation of quality-related compounds in tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.). Little is known about the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of short-term repression of N metabolism on tea roots and leaves for a short time. Results In this study, we subjected tea plants to a specific inhibitor of glutamine synthetase (GS), methionine sulfoximine (MSX), for a short time (30 min) and investigated the effect of the inhibition of N metabolism on the transcriptome and metabolome of quality-related compounds. Our results showed that GS activities in tea roots and leaves were significantly inhibited upon MSX treatment, and both tissue types showed a sensitive metabolic response to GS inhibition. In tea leaves, the hydrolysis of theanine decreased with the increase in theanine and free ammonium content. The biosynthesis of all other amino acids was repressed, and the content of N-containing lipids declined, suggesting that short-term inhibition of GS reduces the level of N reutilization in tea leaves. Metabolites related to glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle accumulated after GS repression, whereas the content of amino acids such as glycine, serine, isoleucine, threonine, leucine, and valine declined in the MXS treated group. We speculate that the biosynthesis of amino acids is affected by glycolysis and the TCA cycle in a feedback loop. Conclusions Overall, our data suggest that GS repression in tea plant leads to the reprogramming of amino acid and lipid metabolic pathways.

scholarly journals L-Citrulline: A Non-Essential Amino Acid with Important Roles in Human Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3293
Author(s):  
Encarna Aguayo ◽  
Ascensión Martínez-Sánchez ◽  
Bárbara Fernández-Lobato ◽  
Fernando Alacid
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Citrulline Malate ◽  
Endogenous Synthesis

L-Arginine (Arg) has been widely used due to its functional properties as a substrate for nitric oxide (NO) generation. However, L-citrulline (CIT), whose main natural source is watermelon, is a non-essential amino acid but which has important health potential. This review provides a comprehensive approach to different studies of the endogenous synthesis of CIT, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics as well as its ergogenic effect in exercise performance. The novel aspect of this paper focuses on the different effects of CIT, citrulline malate and CIT from natural sources such as watermelon on several topics, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, erectile dysfunction, cancer, and exercise performance. CIT from watermelon could be a natural food-sourced substitute for pharmacological products and therefore the consumption of this fruit is promoted.

Dietary intake of tryptophan tied emotion-related impulsivity in humans

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Javelle ◽  
Descartes Li ◽  
Philipp Zimmer ◽  
Sheri L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Serotonin Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid Tryptophan ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Three Factor

Abstract. Emotion-related impulsivity, defined as the tendency to say or do things that one later regret during periods of heightened emotion, has been tied to a broad range of psychopathologies. Previous work has suggested that emotion-related impulsivity is tied to an impaired function of the serotonergic system. Central serotonin synthesis relies on the intake of the essential amino acid, tryptophan and its ability to pass through the blood brain barrier. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between emotion-related impulsivity and tryptophan intake. Methods: Undergraduate participants (N = 25, 16 women, 9 men) completed a self-rated measure of impulsivity (Three Factor Impulsivity Index, TFI) and daily logs of their food intake and exercise. These data were coded using the software NutriNote to evaluate intakes of tryptophan, large neutral amino acids, vitamins B6/B12, and exercise. Results: Correlational analyses indicated that higher tryptophan intake was associated with significantly lower scores on two out of three subscales of the TFI, Pervasive Influence of Feelings scores r =  –.502, p < . 010, and (lack-of) Follow-Through scores, r =  –.407, p < . 050. Conclusion: Findings provide further evidence that emotion-related impulsivity is correlated to serotonergic indices, even when considering only food habits. It also suggests the need for more research on whether tryptophan supplements might be beneficial for impulsive persons suffering from a psychological disorder.

Beckett's Watt and Monastic Tradition

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-109
Author(s):  
Kristen Marangoni
Keyword(s):  
Boarding School ◽  
Illuminated Manuscripts ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Geometric Shapes ◽  
Art Form ◽  
Book Of Kells ◽  
The Face ◽  
Choral Arrangements ◽  
Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts

The enigmatic setting of Beckett's novel Watt has been compared to places as diverse as an insane asylum, a boarding school, a womb, and a concentration camp. Watt's experience at Knott's house does seem suggestive of all of these, and yet it may more readily conform to the setting of a monastery. The novel is filled with chants, meditations, choral arrangements, hierarchical classifications, and even silence, all highly evocative of a monastic lifestyle. Some of Watt's dialogue (such as his requests for forgiveness or reflections on the nature of mankind) further echoes various Catholic liturgies. Watt finds little solace in these activities, however. He feels that they are largely rote and purposeless as they are focused on Knott, a figure who in many ways defies linguistic description and physical know-ability. Watt's meditations and rituals become, then, empty catechisms without answers, something that is reflected in the extreme difficulty that Watt has communicating. In the face of linguistic and liturgical instability, the Watt notebooks present a counter reading that can be found in the thousand plus doodles that line its pages. The drawings reinforce as well as subvert their textual counterpart, and they function in many ways as the images in medieval illuminated manuscripts. The doodles in Watt often take the form of decorative letters, elaborate marginal drawings, and depictions of a variety of people and animals, and many of its doodles offer uncanny resemblances in form or theme to those in illuminated manuscripts like The Book of Kells. Doodles of saints, monks, crosses, and scribes even give an occasional pictorial nod to the monastic setting in which illuminated manuscripts were usually produced (and remind us of the monastic conditions in which Beckett found himself writing much of Watt). Beckett's doodles not only channel this medium of illuminated manuscripts, they also modernize its application. Instead of neat geometric shapes extending down the page, his geometric doodle sequences are often abstracted, fragmented, and nonlinear. Beckett also occasionally modernized the content of illuminated manuscripts: instead of the traditional sacramental communion table filled with candles, bread and wine, Beckett doodles a science lab table where Bunsen burners replaces candles and wine glasses function as beakers. It is through these modernized images that Watt attempts to draw contemporary relevance from a classic art form and to restore (at least partial) meaning to rote traditions.

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