scholarly journals Osmotic pressure, water kinetics and volatile fatty acid absorption in the rumen of sheep sustained by intragastric infusions

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. López ◽  
F. D. DeB. Hovell ◽  
N. A. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Outflow Rate

The effects of changing rumen osmotic pressure (OP) upon water kinetics and volatile fatty acid (VFA) absorption in the rumen of sheep were studied in two 4 × 4 Latin square experiments, each using four lambs with a rumen cannula and an abomasal catheter. In both experiments the lambs were sustained by the intragastric infusion of all nutrients (VFA, Ca, P, Mg and a buffer solution into the rumen, and casein, vitamins and trace elements into the abomasum). On experimental days, which were at least 1 week apart, drinking water and the casein infusion were withdrawn, and the ruminal OP was changed and held constant for 9·5 h, by incorporating NaCl at different concentrations in the buffer solution being infused. In Expt 1 the target OP values were 300, 340, 380 and 420 mosmol/kg, and in Expt 2 were 261 (no saline addition), 350, 420 and 490 mosmol/kg. Using soluble non-absorbable markers (PEG in continuous infusion and Cr-EDTA injected in pulse doses) rumen volume, liquid outflow rates, apparent water absorption through the rumen wall and VFA absorption rates were estimated at six sampling times corresponding to the 1·5 h intervals during the last 7·5 h following the change in rumen OP. Liquid outflow rate (F; ml/h) showed a significant and positive linear relationship with the rumen OP (mosmol/kg), resulting in the equation F = 1·24 OP (SE 0·096)–36·5 (SE 36·6) (r2 0·96). Similarly, water absorption rate (W; ml/h) was significantly affected by rumen OP, and this relationship was given by W = 395 (SE 39·9) −1·16 OP (SE 0·105) (r2 0·95), which means that for an OP of 341 mosmol/kg the net movement of water across the rumen wall would be zero, and either a net efflux or a net influx of water would be observed with lower or higher OP respectively. In Expt 2 there was a significant linear effect of OP on rumen volume (P <0·01), with higher OP being associated with increases in rumen liquid contents of about 10–20%. As rumen OP was increased there was also a decline in the absorption rate of VFA (from 232 mmol VFA/h for OP 350 to 191 mmol/h for OP 490 mosmol/kg), resulting in the accumulation of VFA (especially acetate) in the rumen and a consequent fall in rumen pH. Rumen OP seems to be important in defining water movement across the rumen wall and, hence, partitioning between absorption and outflow.

Influence of zeolite (clinoptilolite) supplementation on characteristics of digestion and ruminal fermentation of steers fed a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1239
Author(s):  
J. D. Urías-Estrada ◽  
M. A. López-Soto ◽  
A. Barreras ◽  
J. A. Aguilar-Hernández ◽  
V. M. González-Vizcarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration

Four Holstein steers (328 ± 14 kg) with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to examine the effect of level of zeolite supplementation (0, 10, 20 or 30 g clinoptilolite-Ca/kg of diet) in a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet on the characteristics of ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestion. Zeolite was top-dressed with the basal diet at time of feeding; therefore, intake of organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), starch and N was equal in all treatments. Zeolite supplementation did not affect site and extent of digestion of N or NDF. Zeolite linearly decreased (P < 0.01) NH3-N flow to duodenum, but did not affect duodenal flow of microbial N, feed N, or microbial efficiency. Inclusion of zeolite linearly increased (P = 0.02) ruminal OM digestion and tended (linear, P = 0.08) to increase ruminal digestion of starch. Zeolite supplementation increased (linear effect, P < 0.01) faecal excretion of ash, resulting in decreased total tract DM digestion (linear effect, P = 0.04). However, total tract digestion of OM tended to increase (P = 0.06) with increasing zeolite supplementation. Thus, dilution of the diet with zeolite did not depress dietary digestible energy. There were no treatment effects on ruminal pH. Total ruminal volatile fatty acid concentration tended (P = 0.08) to increase as zeolite increased. Zeolite supplementation decreased ruminal molar proportion of acetate and increased molar proportion of propionate (linear effect, P < 0.01), resulting in decreased (linear effect, P < 0.01) of acetate: propionate ratio. Supplementation with zeolite at levels of up to 30 g of zeolite/kg of diet may enhance ruminal OM digestion, largely due to the tendency of increased ruminal starch digestion. Zeolite supplementation altered ruminal volatile fatty acid molar proportions (decreased acetate : propionate ratio), and therefore may have an positive impact on energy efficiency.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary hydrochloric acid on voluntary food intake and metabolism of sheep in relation to the use of mineral acids as silage additives

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. L'Estrange ◽  
T. Mcnamara
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

1. In Expt 1, a pelleted grass-meal diet was supplemented with hydrochloric acid, added to the grass pellets before feeding, at five levels from 0 to 628 mmol/kg dry matter (DM). Each diet was offered ad lib. for 21 d to five sheep in a 5 × 5 Latin-square design.2. Voluntary food intake decreased rectilinearly with increasing HCl supplementation (P < 0.001), to 42% of the control value for sheep on the high-HCl diet. The decrease in food intake was related both to dietary pH and to the extent of metabolic acidosis induced by the HCl treatment. Although the pH of rumen fluid decreased slightly with increasing HCl supplementation, effects of the HCl treatment on volatile fatty acid concentrations in rumen fluid were not significant (P > 0.05).3. In Expt 2, palatability and metabolic effects of dietary HCl were studied by comparing its effect when mixed into the pelleted grass meal before feeding, with and without a supplement of an equivalent amount of sodium bicarbonate given intraruminally, or when HCl was given intraruminally while the sheep consumed pelleted grass meal alone. Each of the three treatments was given at two levels of HCl, 280 and 560 mmol/kg DM. At each level of dietary HCl supplementation, the three treatments and the control diet (pelleted grass meal alone) were each given to four sheep, in a Latin-square design, for 11 d.4. At the low level of supplementation, HCl, when mixed into the pelleted grass meal, reduced food intake by 17%, this effect was not altered by NaHCO3 supplementation, but when HCl was given intraruminally food intake was not reduced. At the high level of HCl supplementation, food intake was reduced by about 40% by each method of HCl supplementation; and NaHCO3 supplementation did not appreciably alter the effect of HCl on food intake, but prevented metabolic acidosis associated with the HCl treatments. Food intakes for the low-HCl treatments were significantly higher than those for the high-HCl treatments (P < 0.01) and the level of dietary HCl×treatment interaction was also significant (P < 0.01). DM digestibility, and the pH and volatile fatty acid concentrations of rumen fluid were not significantly affected by the different treatments.5. It is concluded that at a low level of HCl supplementation the adverse effects of dietary HCl on voluntary food intake of sheep is determined by palatability associated with low dietary pH, whereas at a high level of HCl supplementation the effect is determined by palatability and by a metabolic response.

scholarly journals Effect of glucose supply on fasting nitrogen excretion and effect of level and type of volatile fatty acid infusion on response to protein infusion in cattle

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
D. E. Meehan ◽  
N. A. MacLeod ◽  
D. J. Kyle
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
N Utilization

Two experiments were carried out on cattle nourished entirely by intragastric infusion, to determine the extent to which glucose or a glucose precursor determines the response to protein infusion in energy-undernourished animals. In order to determine the requirement for glucose in 1-year-old fasting cattle, glucose was infused at increments to supply 0, 1·5, 2·5, 3·5, 4·5, 5·5 and 6·5 g/kg metabolic body weight (W0·75) and the effects on plasma β-hydroxybutyrate and N excretion were measured. At 5·5 g glucose/kg W0·75plasma β-hydroxybutyrate was reduced to a basal level of 1·65 mmol/l and fasting N excretion reduced from 529 to 280 mg N/kg W0·75. No further reduction was observed with the higher level of 6·5 g glucose/kg W0·75. In the second trial, three steers were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design and infused with a volatile fatty acid mixture of 65, 27 and 8 mol acetic, propionic and butyric acids respectively/100 mol, either at an estimated maintenance energy level of 450 kJ/kg W0·75and supplying a calculated glucose equivalent level of 13·0 g/kg W0·75(M1A), or at 1·5 × maintenance supplying a glucose equivalent of 20 g/kg W0·75(M1·5A). Another mixture infused at the maintenance energy level contained 49, 43 and 8 mol acetic, propionic and butyric acids respectively/100 mol but with a glucose equivalent of 20 g/kg W0·75(M1P). Casein was infused at each of these energy treatments to supply 0, 200, 400, 800, 1600 and 2500 mg N/kg W0·75daily, and N balance and blood metabolites were measured. N retention increased linearly (r0·98) with casein infusion. The coefficients for N retention were 0·55, 0·57 and 0·64 for M1A, M1·5A and M1P respectively. The mean efficiency of N utilization was 0·58. The results suggest that provided the glucose need is met there is no relationship between energy supply and efficiency and level of protein retention. However, the results also indicate that glucose requirement in cattle may be higher than that previously observed in sheep.

scholarly journals ABSORPTION AND UTILIZATION OF VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS IN RUMINANTS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. MacLEOD ◽  
E. R. ØRSKOV
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Utilization ◽  
Molar Percent

VFA absorption was investigated in sheep and cattle nourished by intragastric infusions. No differences in absorption were observed between the mixtures of VFA studied. However, unlike osmotic pressure, pH affected the relative proportions of VFA found in the rumen. At pH 7.0 the proportions found resembled those infused; at pH 5.3 acetic acid was 10 molar percent higher. Key words: Ruminant, intragastric volatile fatty acid utilization

Rumen Metabolite of Balinese Cows that Being Given Stewed Water of Lannea coromandelica Peel as Feed Additive

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sio Stefanus ◽  
I.G. Mahardika ◽  
I.B.G Partama ◽  
N.N. Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Random Design ◽  
Lannea Coromandelica

The research has been conducted to find out rumen metabolite of Balinese cows that being given stewed water of Lannea coromandelica peel as a feed additive. The research used group random design (RAK) with 4 treatments of rations and 3 times repetition. Each repetition used three Balinese cows. The weight of cows being used ranging between 137.5 – 235 kg. Basic rations being given were equal, arranged based on a percentage of dry material (% DM) namely: 50% of arrow grass, 20% of gamal leaves (Gliricidia sepium), 1% of urea and 29% of rice bran. Whereas for treatment was feed additive level. The basic ratio of +0 was feed additive (A). The basic ration of +1000 ml was feed additive (B). The basic ration of +1500 ml was feed additive (C) and a basic ration of +2000 ml was feed additive (D). Variables being observed were: N-NH3, volatile fatty acid total and volatile fatty acid partial (acetic acid, propionate acid and butyrate acid). The result of research showed that the administration of 1000 ml-2000 ml of feed additive of stewed water of Lannea coromandelica peel in basic ration differed markedly (P<0.05) to increase the concentration of N-NH3, volatile fatty acid total and volatile fatty acid partial. The utilization of stewed water of Lannea coromandelica peel as a feed additive in basic ration was increasing rumen metabolite of Balinese cows.

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