scholarly journals Some determinants of postprandial lipaemia in Nigerian diabetic and non-diabetic subjects

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abayomi O. Akanji ◽  
Anali A. Nzegwu ◽  
E. Olu Agbedana
Keyword(s):  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Postprandial Lipaemia ◽  
Fasting Plasma

The efficiency of clearance of plasma triacylglycerols (TAG) after fatty meals in non-diabetic Caucasian subjects is believed to determine the plasma level of high-density-lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C). It is unknown if this observation holds in diabetic subjects and in other racial groups. In assessing the factors that determine TAG responses to acute fat loading in a tropical African population with a low prevalence of atherosclerotic disease, twenty (nine obese) non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients with optimal glycaemic control and twelve (six obese) age-matched non-diabetic subjects were given meals containing 50 g fat (in butter) and 75 g carbohydrate (in white bread) over 15 min in the morning after a 12 h overnight fast. The fasting plasma levels of glucose, TAG, total cholesterol (total-C), HDL-C, low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol, insulin and glycosylated haemoglobin (HBAlc) were estimated; glucose and TAG levels were also measured postprandially for 8 h at 2 h intervals. Postprandial lipaemia was consistently higher in the diabetic patients (about 50–100% more than values obtained in the non-diabetic subjects, even when corrected for differences in body mass) and correlated positively with age and postprandial glycaemia. This defect in TAG clearance was even worse (by about 50%) when glucose tolerance became further impaired after ten of the diabetic patients stopped oral hypoglycaemic treatment for 1 week and the fat-tolerance test was repeated. In the obese non-diabetic subjects, but not those of normal weight, there were significant negative relationships between the postprandial lipaemia and fasting plasma levels of HDL-C and the HDL-C: total-C ratio, as reported in Caucasians. It is concluded that age and the ambient glucose concentration appear to be the important determinants of the efficiency of TAG clearance in diabetic subjects. This accords with clinical observations of increased atherogenic liability with increasing age and poorer glycaemic control. The determinants in non-diabetic subjects were less defined, indicating that postprandial lipaemia might be influenced by various factors (obesity as shown here) in different subsets of individuals.

scholarly journals Intra-individual variation of plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), betaine and choline over 1 year

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilman Kühn ◽  
Sabine Rohrmann ◽  
Disorn Sookthai ◽  
Theron Johnson ◽  
Verena Katzke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Age Range

AbstractBackground:Circulating trimethylamine-Methods:We measured fasting plasma levels of TMAO and two of its precursors, betaine and choline by LC-MS, in two samples of 100 participants of the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Heidelberg study (age range: 47–80 years, 50% female) that were collected 1 year apart, and assessed their intra-individual variation by Spearman’s correlation coefficients (ρ).Results:Correlations of metabolite concentrations over 1 year were at ρ=0.29 (p=0.003) for TMAO, ρ=0.81 (p<0.001) for betaine, and ρ=0.61 (p<0.001) for choline. Plasma levels of TMAO were not significantly associated with food intake, lifestyle factors, or routine biochemistry parameters such as C-reactive protein (CRP), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, or creatinine.Conclusions:In contrast to fasting plasma concentrations of betaine and choline, concentrations of TMAO were more strongly affected by intra-individual variation over 1 year in adults from the general population. The modest correlation of TMAO levels over time should be considered when interpreting associations between TMAO levels and disease endpoints.

Association between UCP polymorphisms and adipokines with obesity in Mexican adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyna Sámano ◽  
Claudia Huesca-Gómez ◽  
Rebeca López-Marure ◽  
Ana-Karen Hernández-Cabrera ◽  
Ana Rodríguez-Ventura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Recessive Model ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Adolescent Population ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

AbstractBackground:It has been reported that the uncoupling proteins (UCPs) can contribute to energy metabolism, and are thus involved in the pathogenesis of obesity. The objective of the study was to analyze the association betweenUCPpolymorphisms, clinical parameters and leptin and adiponectin plasma levels in an adolescent population with overweight and obesity.Methods:We analyzed theUCP1 -3826 C/T, UCP2-866 G/A, Ala55Val andUCP3 -55 C/Tpolymorphisms and the levels of adipokines in adolescents with normal weight and with overweight or obesity. The study included 270 students aged between 12 and 18 years categorized according to the percentiles from Mexico City. Adipokines levels were measured by immunoassay methods and theUCPpolymorphisms were determined using Taqman real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results:No significant differences were found in theUCPpolymorphisms in seven inheritance models studied. Most of the significant differences in the clinical parameters were found under a recessive model, theUCP2 -866polymorphism was associated with diastolic blood pressure (p=0.008), triglycerides (p=0.045), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (p=0.003), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (p=0.050) and plasma levels of leptin (p<0.001). Also, the obese group was found to have higher leptin levels and lower adiponectin levels in GA+AA vs. GG (recessive model).Conclusions:This study demonstrated a direct relationship between the clinical characteristics andUCP2-866in a recessive model, associated with high levels of leptin and decreased levels of adiponectin in an obese or overweight Mexican adolescent population.

Abstract 18085: Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans Only Modestly Affect Postprandial Hepatic Remnant Clearance in Humans

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geesje M Dallinga-Thie ◽  
Han Levels ◽  
Alinda M Schimmel ◽  
Max Nieuwdorp
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hepatic Clearance ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Gene Score ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction and Methods: Elevated circulating levels of Triglyceride-rich Remnant Lipoproteins (TLR) are strongly associated with increased risk for CVD. The hepatic clearance of TRL involves lipoprotein receptors i.e. the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) and heparin sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG). The relevance of each pathway in humans remains to be established. To further dissect the relative contribution of each of these receptors, we studied postprandial TRL metabolism with an oral fat tolerance test using cream supplemented with retinyl palmitate (RP) in 1) patients with a heterozygous loss-of-function (LOF) variant in LDLR stratified for a low (n=10) or high (n=10) HSPG gene score; 2) patients with heterozygous LOF variants in EXT1 or EXT2 (n=13), characterised by decreased HSPG chains length but normal sulfation pattern, and compared to matched healthy controls (n=13) and 3) diabetic patients (n=29) stratified for a functional SNP in SULF2, that predisposes to lower SULF2 expression and increased 6-O-sulfation of HSPG chains. Results: Postprandial TRL clearance was significantly delayed in patients with FH compared to controls (AUC-RP FH: 1971±190 vs Con: 646±110 nmol/l/h;P<0.0001 and iAUC-TG FH 6.9±1.0 vs Con 3.8±10 mmol/l/h, P<0.05) supporting the important role of LDLr in TRL clearance. No additional effect was observed if the FH group was stratified for HSPG gene score. Also, in patients with LOF variants in EXT, resulting in shorter HSPG chains, no difference in TRL clearance versus controls could be observed. In contrast, improved 6-O-sulfation due to lower hepatic protein expression of SULF2 resulted in improved fasting and postprandial TG levels and significantly lower iAUC-RP (iAUC-TG AA 6.9±1.1 vs GG 4.1±1.2 mmol/l/h P<0.05; AUC-RP AA 97±15 vs GG 15±2 mg/l/h; P<0.001) Conclusion: Our findings clearly indicate an important role for the LDLr in postprandial TRL clearance in humans. In contrast to murine studies, HSPGs do only modestly contribute to hepatic TRL clearance in humans, and implicate that sulfation of HSPG’s is of more relevance for TRL clearance than HSPG chain length.

scholarly journals Lipid Profile of Type 2 Diabetic and Hypertensive Patients in the Jamaican Population

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 025-030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Gordon ◽  
Dalip Ragoobirsingh ◽  
Errol Y St A Morrison ◽  
Eric Choo-Kang ◽  
Donovan McGrowder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

ABSTRACT Aims: Previous studies have shown that diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases in females to a greater extent than in males. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the lipid profiles of type 2 diabetic males and females. Materials and Methods: The study included 107 type 2 diabetic patients (41 males and 66 females), and 122 hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients (39 males and 83 females), aged 15 years and older. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations were assayed for each group using standard biochemical methods. Results: The mean TC, TG, VLDL-C, HDL-C and LDL-C concentrations, TG/HDL and LDL/HDL ratios were higher in type 2 diabetic and hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic, and hypertensive non-diabetic control subjects, although these were not significant (P > 0.05). Hypertensive type 2 diabetic females had significantly higher serum TC (7.42 ± 1.63 mmol/L) than hypertensive non-diabetic males (5.76±1.57 mmol/L; P < 0.05). All the other lipid and lipoprotein parameters except HDL-C were non-significantly higher in females with type 2 DM and those with hypertension and type 2 DM, compared with type 2 diabetic and hypertensive type 2 diabetic males, respectively (P > 0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that dyslipidemia exists in our type 2 diabetic population with greater TC in hypertensive type 2 diabetic females compared with hypertensive type 2 diabetic males. This suggests that hypertensive type 2 diabetic females are exposed more profoundly to risk factors including atherogenic dyslipidemia compared with males.

Abstract 14727: Meteorin-like Glial Cell Differentiation Regulator is a Novel Protein Biomarker of Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes and Vascular Disease: A TECOS Substudy

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren K Truby ◽  
Jessica A Regan ◽  
Maggie Nguyen ◽  
Stephani Giamberardino ◽  
Robert J Mentz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Cardiovascular Outcomes ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Proteomic Profiling ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Novel Protein

Introduction: To date, there are limited data on the potential role of proteomic biomarkers to predict future cardiovascular (CV) events among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Hypothesis: Specific protein biomarkers will be predictive of major adverse CV events (MACE) and incident heart failure hospitalization (HFH) among patients with DM. Methods: Using the Olink aptamer-based platform, we performed proteomic profiling (>700 proteins) on 440 paired cases and matched controls from placebo-assigned participants in the Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin (TECOS). Cases were defined as having met the primary composite outcome of MACE or incident HFH and matched to controls on baseline prevalent heart failure, coronary artery disease, BMI, hemoglobin A1C, creatinine, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting status and ejection fraction. Conditional logistic regression was used to determine the association between log-transformed relative protein expression and incident MACE or HFH. False-discovery-rate (FDR) was used to adjust for multiple comparisons. Results: We identified three specific proteins that were significantly associated with prevalent MACE or HFH: METRNL, Notch 3, and ROR1 (OR 2.1, 1.6, 1.7 and q-value 0.01, 0.02, and 0.05 respectively) (Figure 1). METRNL, in particular, performed similarly to the established biomarker NT-proBNP (Figure 1). When MACE and HFH were analyzed separately, METRNL, in particular, remained strongly associated with both outcomes (OR 2.0, p<0.001 and OR 2.7, p=0.05). Conclusions: Three novel protein biomarkers, in particular METRNL (a circulating adipokine that regulates insulin-sensitivity), may identify diabetic patients at high risk for subsequent HF and MACE. Additional studies are needed to replicate these findings and uncover the biologic mechanism linking adipokine signaling and heart failure.

scholarly journals Validity of a Novel Method for Estimation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Diabetic Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1355-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideto Chaen ◽  
Shigesumi Kinchiku ◽  
Masaaki Miyata ◽  
Shoko Kajiya ◽  
Hitoshi Uenomachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Novel Method

scholarly journals Evaluation of type-2 diabetes mellitus patients for dyslipidemia in a tertiary care centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 586
Author(s):  
Janak G. Chokshi ◽  
Apal P. Gandhi ◽  
Ishvarlal M. Parmar ◽  
Dipen R. Damor
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome consisting of metabolic, vascular and neuropathic components that are interrelated. Diabetes mellitus is associated with a considerably increased risk of premature atherosclerosis, particularly coronary heart disease (CHD) and peripheral arterial disease. Dyslipidemia is a common feature of diabetes. There is an association between atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.Methods: The study was done on 50 adult diabetes mellitus (T2) patients from IPD of General Medicine wards at SMS Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. 50 healthy age and sex matched healthy volunteers were taken as control. They were evaluated for lipid profile i.e., Total Cholesterol (TC),Triglyceride (TG), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL), Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and glycemic status i.e., Fasting blood glucose (FBS), Postprandial 2 hours blood glucose (PP2BS) & Glycosylated haemoglobin(HbA1C).Results: Diabetic cases had statistically highly significant (p<0.001) elevated levels of total Cholesterol, Triglycerides and VLDL as compared to controls. Serum TG, serum TC, LDL-C and VLDL-C had positive correlation with the postprandial plasma glucose, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c.Conclusions: Significant correlations between HbA1c levels and lipid levels point towards the usefulness of HbA1c for screening high-risk diabetic patients. High TC, TG, LDL-C and HbA1c with normal or low HDL-C is seen in almost all diabetic patients either alone or in combinations.

scholarly journals Monoclonal Antibodies in the Management of Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Focus on PCSK9 and ANGPTL3 Inhibitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Pirillo ◽  
Alberico L. Catapano ◽  
Giuseppe D. Norata
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Genetic Defect ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Premature Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract Purpose of Review Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a monogenic disorder characterized by high plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) since birth and a high risk of premature cardiovascular disease. The genetic defect is carried in only one allele in heterozygous FH (HeFH) or in both in the most severe homozygous FH (HoFH). Current guidelines recommend to reduce substantially LDL-C levels in these high-risk patients, with the need to use association therapy combining agents with different mechanisms of action. As most cases of FH are attributable to mutations in the gene encoding the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), statins, even in combination with ezetimibe, are less effective in reducing LDL-C plasma levels in FH patients, who require a more intensive approach with additional lipid-lowering agents. Additional targets playing key roles in regulating LDL-C levels are represented by PCSK9 and ANGPTL3. Recent Findings Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting PCSK9, evolocumab and alirocumab, significantly reduce LDL-C levels in HeFH patients. In patients with HoFH, the efficacy of mAbs to PCSK9 is strictly related to the presence of a residual LDLR activity; thus, patients carrying null mutations do not respond to the therapy with these mAbs, whereas some effects can be appreciated in HoFH bearing defective mutations. Conversely, evinacumab, the mAb targeting ANGPTL3, is highly effective in reducing LDL-C levels even in HoFH patients carrying null LDLR mutations, thanks to its LDLR-independent mechanism of action. Summary Monoclonal antibodies inhibiting PCSK9 have shown a robust effect in FH patients presenting a residual LDLR activity, while ANGPTL3 inhibitors appear to be promising even in patients carrying null LDLR mutations.

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