scholarly journals Thermic effect of a meal

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Piers ◽  
M. J. Soares ◽  
Tania Makan ◽  
P. S. Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Continuous Measurement ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Measurement Protocol ◽  
Large Coefficient ◽  
Thermic Effect

The variation in the thermic effect of a meal (TEM) was investigated in two groups of five subjects following a standard test meal. Results demonstrated a 50 % lower response over 6 h, in the same subjects, when measured intermittently (protocol 2) as compared with a continuous measurement (protocol 1). The variation in TEM among occasions (measured on three occasions in each subject) was large (coefficient of variation (CV) 18.7%, P < 0.02). However, the post-meal total energy output (CV 1.4%, P > 0.05), non-protein respiratory quotient (CV 1.9%, P > 0.05) and substrate oxidation rate were not different (P > 0.05) in the same individual on separate occasions. Small variations in the basal metabolic rate (BMR) from occasion to occasion (CV 2.6%) contributed to the variation in TEM. However, after allowing for the changes in BMR, variation in TEM (CV 8.6%, P > 0.05) was still sizeable though not statistically significant.Thermic effect: Methodology: Variation of thermic effect

scholarly journals Thermic effect of a meal

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Piers ◽  
M. J. Soares ◽  
R. N. Kulkarni ◽  
P. S. Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chronic Undernutrition ◽  
Thermic Effect ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Five apparently healthy, chronically undernourished (UN) male volunteers aged between 18 and 30 years were studied before and after 12 weeks of dietary supplementation. The thermic effect of a meal (TEM) was measured over a period of 6 h using a ventilated-hood system. Results indicated a significant increase in body-weight after supplementation due to increases in body fat and fat-free mass (FFM) in the proportion of 69% and 31% respectively. The basal metabolic rates (BMR) measured post supplementation were significantly higher in absolute terms, with a trend towards higher values when adjusted for the changes in FFM. TEM responses measured after 12 weeks of supplementation were significantly lower when expressed either in absolute terms (presupplementation 227.0 kJ v. post supplementation 193.5 kJ), or as a percentage of the energy density of the meal (9.1% v. 7.7%). This lower TEM was reciprocal to the changes in the BMR (r −0.86). The post-meal total energy output (PMTEO) was, however, not significantly different after 12 weeks of dietary supplementation. The unchanged PMTEO would indicate an unaltered ‘thermogenic capacity’, following supplementation, in these chronically undernourished subjects. These results confirm our earlier conclusion that, in chronic undernutrition, the thermic response to a meal may not contribute to any energy saving.Chronic undernutrition: Dietary supplementation: Basal metabolic rates: Thermic effect: Substrate oxidation rates

Subcutaneous glucagon-like peptide-1 improves postprandial glycaemic control over a 3-week period in patients with early Type 2 diabetes

1998 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannie F. TODD ◽  
C. Mark B. EDWARDS ◽  
Mohammad A. GHATEI ◽  
Hugh M. MATHER ◽  
Stephen R. BLOOM
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
First Phase Insulin Response

1.Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide (GLP-1) is released into the circulation after meals and is the most potent physiological insulinotropic hormone in man. GLP-1 has the advantages over other therapeutic agents for Type 2 diabetes of also suppressing glucagon secretion and delaying gastric emptying. One of the initial abnormalities of Type 2 diabetes is the loss of the first-phase insulin response, leading to postprandial hyperglycaemia. 2.To investigate the therapeutic potential of GLP-1 in Type 2 diabetes, six patients were entered into a 6-week, double-blind crossover trial during which each received 3 weeks treatment with subcutaneous GLP-1 or saline, self-administered three times a day immediately before meals. A standard test meal was given at the beginning and end of each treatment period. 3.GLP-1 reduced plasma glucose area under the curve (AUC) after the standard test meal by 58% (AUC, 0–240 ;min: GLP-1 start of treatment, 196±141 ;mmol·min-1·l-1; saline start of treatment, 469±124 ;mmol·min-1·l-1; F = 16.4, P< 0.05). The plasma insulin excursions were significantly higher with GLP-1 compared with saline over the initial postprandial 30 ;min, the time period during which the GLP-1 concentration was considerably elevated. The plasma glucagon levels were significantly lower over the 240-min postprandial period with GLP-1 treatment. The beneficial effects of GLP-1 on plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon concentrations were fully maintained for the 3-week treatment period. 4.We have demonstrated a significant improvement in postprandial glycaemic control with subcutaneous GLP-1 treatment. GLP-1 improves glycaemic control partially by restoring the first-phase insulin response and suppressing glucagon and is a potential treatment for Type 2 diabetes.

Cholecystokinin is a Satiety Hormone in Humans at Physiological Post-Prandial Plasma Concentrations

1995 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Ballinger ◽  
Lorraine McLoughlin ◽  
Sami Medbak ◽  
Michael Clark
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Subsequent Test ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Plasma Cholecystokinin ◽  
Satiety Hormone

1. Intravenous infusions of the brain/gut hormone, cholecystokinin, have been shown to reduce food intake in a subsequent test meal. However, in previous studies the doses administered were large and likely to have produced plasma concentrations far in excess of the normal post-prandial range. 2. In this study cholecystokinin-8 was infused intravenously to six healthy subjects in doses that reproduced physiological post-prandial concentrations. Plasma concentrations of cholecystokinin were measured using a novel sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay. The effect of cholecystokinin-8 infusion on subsequent food intake in a standard test meal was compared with the effect of saline infusion in the same subjects. 3. Food intake (mean ± SEM) was significantly less during cholecystokinin (5092 ± 665 kJ) than during saline infusion (6418 ± 723 kJ, P = 0.03). During cholecystokinin infusion, plasma concentrations increased from 0.45 ± 0.06 pmol/l to 7.28 ± 2.43 pmol/l immediately before the meal. With saline infusion there was no premeal increase in plasma cholecystokinin concentration. 4. This paper describes a novel radioimmunoassay for measurement of plasma concentrations of cholecystokinin. Using this assay we have demonstrated that cholecystokinin is important in control of satiety in humans.

Genetic correlations for reproductive and growth traits in rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rym Ezzeroug ◽  
Rafik Belabbas ◽  
Maria José Argente ◽  
Ali Berbar ◽  
Samir Diss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
High Coefficient ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Large Coefficient ◽  
Size At Birth

The objective of this study was to obtain heritability estimates for reproductive (litter size at birth, number born alive, litter size at weaning) and growth traits (individual weaning weight, individual weight at the end of the fattening period), then determine the genetic correlation between them in a synthetic rabbit line. A total of 805 females, 3242 parities, and 18 472 growth records were measured from 2006 to 2017. A pentavariate animal model was used with reproductive and growth traits. Heritability ranged from 0.025 to 0.126 for reproductive traits and from 0.033 to 0.059 for growth traits. These traits showed a large coefficient of variation (from 32% to 56% for reproductive traits and from 21% to 28% for growth traits). The repeatability of reproductive traits was low and the common litter effect for growth traits was the most important component of total variance. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between reproductive and growth traits were high and negative, especially with weight at weaning (−0.848, −0.922, and −0.854 for litter size at birth, number born alive, and litter size at weaning, respectively). In conclusion, because of the high negative correlation between reproductive and growth traits, both reproductive and growth traits should be selected in independent lines and the response to selection should be due mainly to the high coefficient of variation of the traits.

scholarly journals Monitoring the proportion infected by SARS-CoV-2 from age-stratified hospitalisation and serological data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathanaël Hozé ◽  
Juliette Paireau ◽  
Nathanaël Lapidus ◽  
Cécile Tran Kiem ◽  
Henrik Salje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Regional Monitoring ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Recherche Médicale ◽  
Paris Region ◽  
Serological Data ◽  
Case Data ◽  
Large Coefficient

AbstractBackgroundRegional monitoring of the proportion infected by SARS-CoV-2 is important to guide local management of the epidemic, but is difficult in the absence of regular nationwide serosurveys.MethodsWe developed a method to reconstruct in real-time the proportion infected by SARS-CoV-2 and the proportion of infections being detected from the joint analysis of age-stratified seroprevalence, hospitalisation and case data. We applied our approach to the 13 French metropolitan regions.FindingsWe estimate that 5.7% [5.1%-6.4%] of adults in metropolitan France had been infected by SARS-CoV-2 by May 2020. This proportion remained stable until August and increased to 12.6% [11.2%-14.3%] by the end of November. With 23.8% [21.2%-26.8%] infected in the Paris region compared to 4.0% [3.5% - 4.6%] in Brittany, regional variations remained large (Coefficient of Variation CV: 0.53) although less so than in May (CV: 0.74). The proportion infected was twice higher (17.6% [13.4%-22.7%]) in 20-49 y.o. than in 50+ y.o (8.0% [5.7% - 11.5%]). Forty percent [33.7% - 45.4%] of infections in adults were detected in June-August compared to 55.7% [48.7% - 63.1%] in September-November. Our method correctly predicted seroprevalence in 11 regions in which only hospitalisation data were used.InterpretationIn the absence of contemporary serosurvey, our real-time monitoring indicates that the proportion infected by SARS-CoV-2 may be above 20% in some French regions.FundingEU RECOVER, ANR, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Inserm.

Tryptic Activity in the Duodenal Aspirate Following a Standard Test Meal in Giardiasis

1975 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Chawla ◽  
A. K. Sehgal ◽  
S. L. Broor ◽  
R. S. Verma ◽  
P. N. Chhuttani
Keyword(s):  
Test Meal ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Tryptic Activity
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