scholarly journals The effect of various levels of fructose in a copper-deficient diet on Cu deficiency in male rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles G. Lewis ◽  
Meira Fields ◽  
Todd Beal
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Dietary Fructose ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Inverse Response ◽  
Starch Diet

The present study was designed to examine the effects of various levels of fructose in a copper-deficient diet on some of the signs of Cu deficiency in the rat. Weanling male rats were randomly assigned to one of five diets which contained 0.6 μg Cu/g diet and 627 g carbohydrate/kg which was (g/kg): 627 fructose (diet 100); 470 fructose, 157 starch (diet 75); 313.5 fructose, 313.5 starch (diet 50); 157 fructose, 470 starch (diet 25); or 627 starch (diet 0). Rats ate their respective diets for either 2 or 5 weeks. There was a significant linear inverse response of body-weight (P< 0.0001), packed cell volume (p< 0.0001) and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (EC1.15.1.1) activity (P< 0.008) to increasing levels of dietary fructose and a direct linear response of plasma cholesterol (P< 0.05) and blood urea nitrogen concentrations (P< 0.001) to increasing levels of dietary fructose. Liver, kidney and pancreatic Cu concentrations decreased in a dose-response manner as the level of dietary fructose increased. In general, if fructose was included in the diet the signs of Cu deficiency were exacerbated in a dose-response manner.

scholarly journals Idiorrhythmic dose-rate variability in dietary zinc intake generates a different response pattern of zinc metabolism than conventional dose–response feeding

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berislav MomČilović ◽  
Philip G. Reeves ◽  
Michael J. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
Zinc Metabolism ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Zinc Intake ◽  
Conventional Dose ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Different Response

We compared the effects of idiorrhythmic dose-rate feeding and conventional dose-response on the induction of intestinal metallothionein (IMT), expression of aortal heat-shock protein mRNA (HSP70mRNA) induced by restraint stress, and accumulation of Zn in the femur and incisor of young growing male rats. An idiorrhythmic approach requires that the average dietary Zn concentration (modulo, M) over the whole experiment (epoch, E) is kept constant across different groups. This is done by adjusting the Zn concentration of the supplemented diet supplied to compensate for the reduction in the number of days on which Zn-supplemented diet is fed, the latter being spread evenly over the experiment. Idiorrhythms involve offering the diet with n times theoverall Zn concentration (M) only every nth day with Zn-deficient diet offered on other days. Idiorrythmic Zn dose-rate feeding changed Zn accumulation in the femur and incisor in a complexbi-modal fashion, indicating that metabolic efficiency of dietary Zn is not constant but depends on Zn dose-rate. In contrast to feeding Zn in the conventional dose-response scheme, iMT and HSP7OmRNA were not affected by idiorrhythmic dose-rate feeding. Idiorrhythmic cycling in dietary Zn load posed no risk of a biochemical overload nor caused the animals to be stressed. Idiorrhythmic dose-rate feeding brings the dimension of time to the conventional dose-response

scholarly journals Effect of copper supplementation on indices of copper status and certain CVD risk markers in young healthy women

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Bügel ◽  
Angela Harper ◽  
Edmond Rock ◽  
Jacqueline M. O'Connor ◽  
Maxine P. Bonham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Inhibitor Type ◽  
Activator Inhibitor Type ◽  
Effect Of Copper

Western diets containing suboptimal Cu concentrations could be widespread. A link between marginal Cu deficiency and CVD has been suggested. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of Cu supplementation on both Cu status and CVD risk factors in healthy young women. Sixteen women with a mean age of 24 (sd 2) years participated in a randomised crossover study of three 4-week periods with 3-week washouts between periods. During each intervention period, subjects received 0, 3 or 6 mg elemental Cu/d as CuSO4in addition to their habitual diet. Blood samples were taken to assess the effect of supplementation on putative markers of Cu status. The content of plasma lipids, lipoprotein (a), apo and certain haemostatic factors, as putative indices of CVD, was also analysed. Daily supplementation with 3 mg Cu significantly increased (P<0·05) serum Cu concentration and the activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, although there was no further significant increase after an intake of 6 mg Cu/d. The concentration of the fibrinolytic factor plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 was significantly reduced (P<0·05) by about 30% after supplementation with 6 mg Cu/d. No other marker of Cu status or CVD risk factor was affected by Cu supplementation. The results indicate that supplementation with 3 or 6 mg Cu/d may improve Cu status in these healthy young women. Increased Cu intake could reduce the risk of CVD and atherosclerosis in man by promoting improved fibrinolytic capacity.

Plasma Lipid-lowering and Lipogenesis-stimulating Actions of Ginseng Saponins in Tumor-bearing Rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 11 (01n04) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Yamamoto ◽  
Akira Kumagai ◽  
Yuichi Yamamura
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Saponin Content

Ascited hepatoma (AH41C or AH130) was transplanted to male rats Donryu, strain. Plasma cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and non-esterified fatty acid levels were reduced with oral administration of ginseng principle fraction 3 (saponin content, ca. 1/5). Incorporation of 1-[14C]-acetate into total lipids and fatty acids in adipose tissue was increased by fraction 3 administration in both normal and tumor-bearing rats. The incorporation increased in earlier stage of tumor growth and decreased in the later one. Incorporation of 1-[14C]-acetate into total lipid, free and esterified cholesterol, TG and phospholipid in the liver was also enhanced by fraction 3 administration in both normal and tumor-bearing animals. In vitro addition of ginseng principle fraction 4 (saponin content, ca. 1/2) increased incorporation of 1-[14C]-acetate into lipid fraction is adipose tissue and liver. Incorporation of 1-[14C]-acetate into lipid fractions in ascites hepatoma cells remained unchanged with both oral administration of fraction 3 and in vitro addition of fraction 4. DNA and protein synthesis in the tumor cells was not changed with in vitro addition of fraction 4.

Male gender increases sensitivity to renal injury in response to cholesterol loading

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (4) ◽  
pp. F718-F726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana M. Attia ◽  
Roel Goldschmeding ◽  
Mahmoud A. Attia ◽  
Peter Boer ◽  
Hein A. Koomans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Injury ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
A Priori ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cholesterol Feeding

Males are at greater risk for renal injury than females. This may relate to nitric oxide (NO) availability, because female rats have higher renal endothelial NO synthase (NOS) levels. Previously, our laboratory found susceptibility to proteinuria induced by NOS inhibition in male compared with female rats. Dyslipidemia and hypercholesterolemia dose dependently decreased renal NOS activity and caused renal injury in female rats. We hypothesized that exposure of male rats to hypercholesterolemia would lead to more renal injury in male than in female rats due to an a priori lower renal NO system. Female and male rats were fed no, low-dose, or high-dose cholesterol for 24 wk. Cholesterol feeding dose dependently increased proteinuria in both female and male rats, but male rats developed more proteinuria at similar plasma cholesterol ( P < 0.001). Control males had lower renal NOS activity than control females (4.44 ± 0.18 vs. 7.46 ± 0.37 pmol · min−1 · mg protein−1; P < 0.05), and cholesterol feeding decreased renal NOS activity in males and in females ( P < 0.05). Cholesterol-fed males developed significantly more vascular, glomerular, and tubulointerstitial monocyte/macrophage influx and injury than females. Thus under baseline conditions, male rats have lower renal NOS activity than female rats. This may explain why male rats are more sensitive to renal injury by factors that decrease NO availability, such as hypercholesterolemia.

Fentanyl-induced hyperalgesia and analgesic tolerance in male rats: common underlying mechanisms and prevention by a polyamine deficient diet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Laboureyras ◽  
Meric Ben Boujema ◽  
Annie Mauborgne ◽  
John Simmers ◽  
Michel Pohl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Rats ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Analgesic Tolerance ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

scholarly journals Response of diamine oxidase and other plasma copper biomarkers to various dietary copper intakes in the rat and evaluation of copper absorption with a stable isotope

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Feillet-Coudray ◽  
C. Coudray ◽  
D. Bayle ◽  
E. Rock ◽  
Y. Rayssiguier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Diamine Oxidase ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Cu Isotope

There is a lack of agreement on index of Cu status and reliable and sensitive biomarkers are still required. The purpose of this present work was to assess in rats the sensitivity of diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, a recently proposed biomarker, to modifications in dietary Cu intake in comparison with other plasma biomarkers of Cu status. We also evaluated the effect of Cu dietary level on Cu and Zn intestinal absorption. Results showed that plasma Cu and plasma caeruloplasmin were significantly decreased at day 8 compared with the control group (7·4 mg Cu/kg diet) while DAO activity was significantly decreased at day 12 of the deficient diet (0·61 mg Cu/kg diet). Cu supplementation (35 mg Cu/kg diet) had no effect on any of the studied biomarkers of Cu status. In Cu-deficient rats plasma Cu and DAO activities were normalized 4 d after return to the control diet while caeruloplasmin was normalized later, at day 11. Apparent absorption values (%) of total Cu or65Cu isotope were significantly increased in the Cu-deficient rats compared with the other groups and similar in the control and the Cu-supplemented groups. The urinary excretion of total Cu or65Cu isotope were increased in the Cu-supplemented group compared with the other two groups. Both apparent absorption and urinary excretion of total Zn or67Zn isotope remained unchanged in the three experimental groups. In conclusion, DAO activity seemed to be less sensitive to Cu deficiency than plasma Cu or caeruloplasmin concentrations. The present study also showed a significant increase in Cu intestinal absorption with dietary Cu restriction but no decrease with Cu supplementation in the rat.

Age-induced hypercholesterolemia in the rat relates to reduced elimination but not increased intestinal absorption of cholesterol

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (3) ◽  
pp. E737-E742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Gälman ◽  
Manuela Matasconi ◽  
Lena Persson ◽  
Paolo Parini ◽  
Bo Angelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Scavenger Receptor ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Ldl Receptors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Class B

Plasma cholesterol increases in normal aging in both rodents and humans. This is associated with reduced elimination of cholesterol as bile acids (BAs) and decreased receptor-mediated clearance of plasma LDL, changes that can be reversed by treatment with growth hormone (GH). The level of intestinal absorption of cholesterol may also contribute to the development of hypercholesterolemia. In this study, we investigated whether cholesterol absorption increases with age and whether any such age-related change could be influenced by treatment with GH or ezetimibe (EZE). Male rats aged 6 and 18 mo were studied with and without GH or EZE treatment. BA synthesis was reduced and plasma cholesterol was increased in the old animals, whereas cholesterol absorption was unaltered. Cholesterol absorption was not altered by GH treatment but was reduced by EZE in both groups of animals. Hepatic LDL receptors (LDLRs), scavenger receptor class B type 1, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease (PCSK9) transcripts were unchanged in old animals. GH treatment induced LDLRs, PCSK9 transcripts, and BA synthesis. We conclude that the age-induced hypercholesterolemia in the rat and its reversal by GH treatment relates to altered degradation of cholesterol in the liver and is not due to changes in cholesterol absorption.

scholarly journals The effect of protein-deficient isoenergetic diets on the growth of rat jejunal mucosa

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Syme
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Protein Deficiency ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Metaphase Arrest ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Protein Deficient Diet ◽  
Delayed Maturation

1. Newly weaned 21-d-old male rats were given isoenergetic diets containing 200, 100 and 50 g protein/kg for 7, 14, 28 or 70 d. The mid-jejunum was removed from the rats and a micrometric analysis of the mucosa was made. The following measurements were made: number of villi/mm2, vilius dimensions, villus surface area, crypt depth, crypt: villus, the number of cells/crypt in metaphase arrest per h.2. Comparisons were made between animals of the same age but on different diets, and animals on the same diet but of different ages. The latter comparison gave information on the effect of protein deficiency on the pattern of maturation of each feature of The villus or crypt studied.3. The effect of protein deficiency was not consistent at each stage of maturation. For instance villus height was decreased when compared with the controls following 28 d on a protein-deficient diet but not after 7 or 70 d.4. The only measurement to be unaffected by protein deficiency was the number of villi per unit area.5. In general the 50 g protein/kg diet had a more pronounced effect than the 100 g protein/kg diet. Protein deficiency delayed maturation by either slowing or inhibiting changes seen in normal maturation.6. In rats given 50 g protein/kg diet, although the villus surface area did not increase as the rats matured there were increases in epithelial cell production rate and number of crypts per villus.

FOOD CONSUMPTION AND RECTAL TEMPERATURE IN RATS DURING THIAMINE DEFICIENCY AND REPLETION

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2463-2471 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Veen ◽  
G. Russell ◽  
G. H. Beaton
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Thiamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Deficient Group

Rectal temperature in male rats fell slowly and gradually from ad libitum and pair-led control levels throughout a thiamine depletion period. During this period, food consumption dropped suddenly and sharply to a minimal level. A single oral dose of 50 μg of thiamine hydrochloride produced, within 4 hours, a significant rise (to less than control levels) in rectal temperature and an increase in food consumption within 24 hours. The increase in temperature was independent of the ingestion of food since diet was withheld during the 4 hours following thiamine administration. Subsequent feeding of control diet (containing thiamine) had not further increased the "4-hour" temperature after 24 hours. With continued feeding of control diet, rectal temperature rose to control levels after 3 days. On subsequent withdrawal of dietary thiamine from the deficient group, temperature and food consumption fell as before. When the animals were again repleted with 50 μg thiamine and deficient diet was continued, temperatures rose to the same level reached after the first thiamine administration. A third deprivation and repletion produced identical results.Food restriction alone, in pair-fed control groups, induced an initial elevation of rectal temperature above ad libitum control levels as temperatures in the deficient group were falling, and an eventual decrease below ad libitum control levels only after prolonged food restriction. It is suggested that the initial fall in body temperature in thiamine-deficient rats is not simply a terminal result of food restriction per se, but may reflect alterations in metabolism due to the deficiency.

Effect of potassium deficiency on action of chlorothiazide in the rat

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashton B. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Free Water ◽  
Potassium Deficiency ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sodium Reabsorption ◽  
Urinary Volume ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Urinary Potassium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Daily Urine ◽  
A Site

Chlorothiazide was administered to male rats which had been fed a potassium-deficient diet, and also to their pair-fed controls. Daily urine collections were carried out on the experimental and control rats before and during chlorothiazide administration. The drug caused a persistent increase in the daily urinary volume of the potassium-deficient rats, but only a transitory increase in the control rats. The striking increase in the daily urinary volume of the potassium-deficient rats was unaccompanied by an increase in solute output. The chlorothiazide did not affect the urinary-potassium loss in the potassium-deficient rats. No significant difference was found between the creatinine clearances of the potassium-deficient rats and their controls, nor did the creatinine clearances differ from those found in separate groups of potassium-deficient rats and controls to which chlorothiazide had not been administered. It is concluded that potassium deficiency does not interfere with the diuretic effect of chlorothiazide in the rat, but rather enhances it. The findings are consistent with the idea that chlorothiazide interferes with sodium reabsorption at a site proximal to that at which free water may be formed and at which complementary reabsorption of sodium takes place during the administration of chlorothiazide. An alternative explanation is that chlorothiazide may enhance the thirst of potassium-deficient rats.

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