scholarly journals Effect of dietary methionine on tissue selenium and glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) activity in rats given selenomethionine

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo H. Waschulewski ◽  
Roger A. Sunde
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Tissue Selenium

1. The effect of dietary methionine on the utilization of selenium from dietary selenomethionine ([Se]Met) for tissue Se deposition and for glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9; GSH-Px) synthesis was studied in male weanling rats.2. When rats were given 0.5 mg Se as [Se]Met/kg diet supplemented with 0, 4 or 9 g methionine/kg, Se in plasma, erythrocytes, liver and muscle increased significantly over the 20 d period for all methionine-treatment groups. The increases in erythrocyte and muscle Se, however, were significantly higher in rats fed on the methionine-deficient diet compared with the methionine-supplemented diets.3. In contrast to the increases in tissue Se, GSH-Px activity in liver, plasma and muscle decreased in methionine-deficient rats given 0.5 mg Se as [Se]Met/kg whereas GSH-Px activity was maintained or increased in rats supplemented with methionine.4. The percentage of tissue Se associated with GSH-Px was calculated from the measured Se concentration and GSH-Px activity. A significantly lower percentage of Se was associated with GSH-Px in methionine-deficient rats compared with methionine-supplemented rats.5. These results show that Se from dietary [Se]Met is preferentially incorporated into body proteins rather than used for GSH-Px synthesis when methionine is limiting in the diet.6. These results further suggest that [Se]Met might not be the optimum Se compound to use for Se supplementation because metabolism of dietary [Se]Met to a biochemically active form, such as GSH-Px, was impaired when [Se]Met was provided in diets low in methionine.

scholarly journals Effect of vitamin E- and selenium-deficiency on rat liver chemiluminescence

1987 ◽  
Vol 242 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
C G Fraga ◽  
R F Arias ◽  
S F Llesuy ◽  
O R Koch ◽  
A Boveris
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Weanling Rats

The role of vitamin E and selenium as protective agents against oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring liver chemiluminescence in situ. Weanling rats fed a vitamin E- and selenium-deficient diet showed liver chemiluminescence that was increased 60 and 100% over control values at 16 and 18 days respectively after weaning. At day 21, the double deficiency led to hepatic necrosis, as observed by optical and electron microscopy, and increased serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase. Single deficiencies, in either vitamin E or selenium, did not produce liver necrosis but increased liver chemiluminescence. Vitamin E deficiency led to a 23 and 50% increase in liver emission at days 18 and 20 respectively; selenium deficiency produced a 64% increase at day 16. The activity of liver selenium-glutathione peroxidase diminished to 13% of the control value in the rats fed doubly deficient and selenium-deficient diets. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and non-selenium-glutathione peroxidase were not modified by the different diets. These results suggest that oxy-radical generation may play a major role in hepatic necrosis in vitamin E- and selenium-deficiency.

Impact of Transportation of Feedlot Cattle to the Harvest Facility on the Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Total Aerobic Microorganisms on Hides

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. REICKS ◽  
M. M. BRASHEARS ◽  
K. D. ADAMS ◽  
J. C. BROOKS ◽  
J. R. BLANTON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Before And After

Prevalences of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and total aerobic microorganisms were determined on the hides of beef feedlot cattle before and after transport from the feedyard to the harvest facility in clean and dirty trailers. Swab samples were taken from the midline and withers of 40 animals on each of 8 days before and after shipping. After samples were collected, animals were loaded in groups of 10 on upper and lower levels of clean and dirty trailers. Animals were unloaded at the harvest facility and kept in treatment groups for sample collection after exsanguination. Salmonella was found more often on hide swabs collected from the midline than on than samples collected from the withers from animals transported in both clean and dirty trailers. Salmonella was found on significantly more hide swabs collected at harvest from both sampling locations than on those collected at the feedyard, with no differences attributed to the type of trailer. At the feedyard, clean trucks had a lower percentage of Salmonella-positive samples than did dirty trucks before animals were loaded. However, after transport, both clean and dirty trucks had a similar prevalence of Salmonella. There were no differences in Salmonella prevalence on hides collected from animals transported on the top and bottom levels of clean and dirty trucks. E. coli O157:H7 was detected on less than 2% of the samples; therefore, no practical conclusions about prevalence could be drawn. Hides sampled at harvest had higher concentrations of aerobic microorganisms than did hides sampled at the feedyard, and concentrations were higher on the midline than on the withers. Although the prevalences of Salmonella and total aerobic microorganisms increased on hides after transport from the feedyard to the plant, this increase was not related to the cleanliness of the trailers or the location of the cattle in the trailers.

scholarly journals The effect of vitamin A deficiency on hepatic, renal and pulmonary glutathione S-transferase activities in the rat

1980 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 889-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z H Siddik ◽  
E G Mimnaugh ◽  
M A Trush ◽  
T E Gram
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Nutritional State ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Chemical Carcinogens ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Liver Cytosol ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases ◽  
The Relationship

Feeding male weanling rats on a vitamin A-deficient diet for 6 weeks resulted in significant increases (44-57%) in glutathione S-aryl-, S-aralkyl- S-alkyl- and S-epoxidetransferase activities in the liver cytosol. Only the S-aralkyl- (27%) and S-alkyltransferase (14%) activities were significantly increased in the kidney as a result of deficiency. There was no effect on any of the pulmonary glutathione S-transferase activities. The increases in hepatic transferase activities were due primarily to increases (25-96%) in the apparent Vmax. There were no changes in the apparant Km of any of the four drug substrates employed. With 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene as the second substrate, the apparent Km for glutathione was increased by over 2-fold in vitamin A-deficient livers as compared with controls. The relationship between these results and enhanced susceptibility to chemical carcinogens in vitamin A deficiency is briefly discussed, and comparison is made between the effects of this nutritional state and pretreatment with drug inducers on the glutathione S-transferases.

Effects of selenium source and level in diet on glutathione peroxidase activity, tissue selenium distribution, and growth performance in poultry

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radmila Marković ◽  
Jelena Ćirić ◽  
Marija Starčević ◽  
Dragan Šefer ◽  
Milan Ž. Baltić
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Feed Supplements ◽  
Tissue Selenium ◽  
Published Research

AbstractToday, a few differing sources of selenium (Se), i.e. inorganic, organic, and nano forms of Se, are used as feed supplements for poultry. Published research indicates that nano-Se and organic Se possess comparable efficiency to inorganic Se in increasing GSH-Px activity of plasma and various tissues, but they deposit at higher rates in various tissues. However, there are principal differences in absorption mechanisms, metabolism, and efficiency of these three forms of Se. The aim of this review was to analyze the available literature on the effects of different Se sources and levels in the diet on glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, tissue Se distribution and growth performance in poultry. Higher levels of Se increase GSH-Px activity in the body, but this reaches a plateau even if Se concentrations in diet increase further, while the deposition of Se in tissues increases as Se content in diet increases. In addition, many studies have shown the positive effects of adding Se to diet on growth performance in poultry. Optimal Se supplementation is necessary not only for good poultry health but also to ensure and preserve meat quality during storage and to provide human beings with this microelement.

scholarly journals The potential of silage lactic acid bacteria-derived nano-selenium as a dietary supplement in sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. F. Lee ◽  
H. R. Fleming ◽  
F. Whittington ◽  
C. Hodgson ◽  
P. T. Suraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Silage Inoculants ◽  
Livestock Systems ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Se Status

Context Selenium (Se) is a trace element essential for cellular function in animals as a component of the enzymes glutathione peroxidase and iodothyronine-5-deiodinase. In many parts of Europe, Se is often deficient in livestock diets due to the low Se status of soil. Supplementation of diets with selenised yeast (predominately as seleno-methionine) or inorganic sodium selenite is common practice in most livestock systems, including ruminants. Lactic acid bacteria have been shown to convert inorganic Se into predominantly elemental nano-Se, which has been used recently in human pro-biotics as a less toxic form of Se. Therefore, silage lactic acid bacteria may provide a supplementation route of bioavailable nano-Se for ruminants. Aim Here, we report on the effect of feeding inoculated silage enriched with a supra-nutritional level of nano-Se (Selage) versus control inoculated silage (Silage) on the Se status of finishing lambs and their products, followed by a second study where blood parameters were investigated in ewes. Methods In the first study, 40 Charollais × Suffolk lambs (42 ± 1.7 kg) were paired according to weight and sex, then allocated to the two treatments for 8 or 10 weeks. Uptake of Se into wool was temporally assessed, as well as excretion of Se into faeces. Selenium concentrations in blood and muscle, carcass characteristics and meat quality are reported postmortem. In the second study, individually penned Suffolk × Mule ewes (n = 12; 76 ± 4.5 kg) were offered the same diets as in the first study. Blood parameters were assessed at the start and after 6 weeks, with intake and excretion into faeces and urine assessed temporally throughout the study. Key results In the first study, dry-matter (DM) intake was similar in both treatment groups, at 0.8 ± 0.03 kg/day, but Se concentrations of the diets were significantly different, resulting in intakes of ~0.14 and 1.60 mg/day on the Silage and Selage diets, respectively. This was reflected in higher Se concentrations in faeces (0.4 vs 2.0 mg/kg DM; P < 0.001), wool (0.11 vs 0.25 mg/kg DM; P < 0.001), blood (0.19 vs 0.46 mg/L; P < 0.001) and muscle (0.31 vs 0.41 mg/kg: P < 0.01) on the Selage than on the Silage diet. Colour (chroma) shelf life of the meat was significantly higher on the Selage treatment (8.05 vs 9.2 days; P < 0.05). In the second trial, for ewes fed Selage, blood seleno-methionine increased from 0.21 to 0.25 mg/L and seleno-cysteine from 0.25 to 0.35 mg/L after 6 weeks on the treatment, whereas there was no change in ewes fed Silage. Glutathione peroxidase increased, whereas haematocrit, haemoglobin and platelet count were decreased across time during the study, but there was no difference between the treatments. Conclusions Nano-Se provided by the Selage treatment was shown to be available to sheep and improve shelf life, with no adverse haematological effects. Implications There is potential to use silage inoculants to provide bioavailable Se to ruminants. Further research is required to determine the most appropriate dose for animal performance and product quality.

scholarly journals Levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lymphocytes of rats fed on diets varying in polyunsaturated fatty acid content

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Tsagn ◽  
J. Belin ◽  
A. D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

1. When weanling rats were fed on a diet containing 0.1 g/kg of the diet as polyunsaturated fatty acid, it was found that after 2 weeks the level of linoleate in the lymphocyte total lipids was 56 mg/ g total fatty acids, as compared with a level of 138 mg/ g in rats on a normal diet (P < 0.005). Similar levels were obtained from rats which had been fed for up to 16 weeks on the deficient diet, but in a group killed after 28 weeks on the diet the level was found to be only 20 mg/ g total fatty acids. The arachidonate level was found to be approximately 220 mg/ g total fatty acids, regardless of whether the rats were fed on a diet deficient in linoleate for up to 16 weeks or on a normal diet. In the group of rats killed after 28 weeks on the linoleate deficient diet, however, the arachidonate level was only 60 mg/ g total fatty acids.2. Percentage values for total fatty acids are given for plasma, adipose tissue, and lymphocytes for rats on normal and experimental diets.3. Scatter diagrams of the levels of linoleate v. arachidonate in the lymphocyte total fatty acids showed no correlation between the levels of the two acids (r 0.05), but similar plots of linoleate and oleate levels showed an inverse correlation (r – 0.68).

scholarly journals Dietary zinc deficiency lowers the proportions of splenic CD90+ (Thy-1+) B-cells and late thymic emigrant T-cells in growing rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1108-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather J. Hosea ◽  
Edward S. Rector ◽  
Carla G. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Thymic Development ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
And Control

Zn-deficient (ZD) rats have a lower proportion of splenic CD90+T-cells which could be due to fewer new T-cells exiting the thymus, defective post-thymic maturation or increased cell death. Post-thymic maturation of splenic lymphocytes and their viability were determined by flow cytometry in weanling rats assigned to ZD ( < 1 mg Zn/kg; ad libitum), diet-restricted (DR; 30 mg Zn/kg; limited to the amount of feed as consumed by ZD rats), marginally Zn-deficient (MZD; 10 mg Zn/kg; ad libitum) or control (30 mg Zn/kg; ad libitum) groups for 3 weeks. ZD rats had a 29 % lower percentage of splenic CD90+T-cells and both ZD and DR rats had a 30 % lower proportion of splenic CD90+B-cells compared with control rats. When the splenic CD90+T-cells were characterised further, there was no difference among the groups in the first two stages of post-thymic development; however, ZD, DR and MZD rats had a 42 % lower proportion of late thymic emigrants (TCRαβ+CD90+CD45RC+RT6.1+) compared with control rats. There was no difference among groups in the proportion of splenic CD90+T-cells in the non-viable region; however, ZD rats had a higher proportion of CD90+B-cells in the non-viable region compared with MZD and control animals, suggesting that this phenotype was more susceptible to cell death during deficiency. The lower proportion of splenic CD90+T-cells in ZD rats does not appear to be due to a defect in thymic production or increased cell death in the spleen. Future studies should determine if late thymic emigrants have homed to other peripheral organs.

scholarly journals Clinical examination of weanling rats with early zinc deficiency

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Van Herck ◽  
J. P. Van Wouwe ◽  
M. Veldhuizen ◽  
V. Baumans ◽  
F. R. Stafleu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Zinc Deficient Diet

In order to gain experience about the detection of adverse effects during a scientific procedure, we carried out a clinical examination of rats with zinc deficiency. In weanling rats fed a zinc-deficient diet (30 μmol zinc/kg) for 10 days, the mean tibial concentration of zinc was reduced by 53% and body weight gain by 73070 when compared with rats fed a diet containing an adequate amount of zinc (150 μmol zinc/kg). In a small open field on day 9 of the experiment, the deficient rats more frequently displayed the posture standing upright with elevated heels. On day 10 of the experiment a clinical examination was carried out at random and 'blind' by three independent assessors. Out of 20 variables scored quantitatively on each individual animal, only body size differed between normal and deficient rats. Other classical signs of zinc deficiency, such as alopecia, dermatitis and diarrhoea, were not detected. It is concluded that in this rat model of zinc deficiency, no evidence for extreme discomfort can be demonstrated.

Altered regulation of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in dendritic cells from klotho hypomorphic mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (1) ◽  
pp. C70-C77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Shumilina ◽  
Meerim K. Nurbaeva ◽  
Wenting Yang ◽  
Evi Schmid ◽  
Kalina Szteyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Mhc Ii ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Antigen Presenting

The function of dendritic cells (DCs), antigen-presenting cells regulating naïve T-cells, is regulated by cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). [Ca2+]i is increased by store-operated Ca2+ entry and decreased by K+-independent (NCX) and K+-dependent (NCKX) Na+/Ca2+ exchangers. NCKX exchangers are stimulated by immunosuppressive 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], the biologically active form of vitamin D. Formation of 1,25(OH)2D3 is inhibited by the antiaging protein Klotho. Thus 1,25(OH)2D3 plasma levels are excessive in Klotho-deficient mice ( klotho hm). The present study explored whether Klotho deficiency modifies [Ca2+]i regulation in DCs. DCs were isolated from the bone marrow of klotho hm mice and wild-type mice ( klotho+/+) and cultured for 7–9 days with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. According to major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II) and CD86 expression, differentiation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced maturation were similar in klotho hm DCs and klotho+/+ DCs. However, NCKX1 membrane abundance and NCX/NCKX-activity were significantly enhanced in klotho hm DCs. The [Ca2+]i increase upon acute application of LPS (1 μg/ml) was significantly lower in klotho hm DCs than in klotho+/+ DCs, a difference reversed by the NCKX blocker 3′,4′-dichlorobenzamyl (DBZ; 10 μM). CCL21-dependent migration was significantly less in klotho hm DCs than in klotho+/+ DCs but could be restored by DBZ. NCKX activity was enhanced by pretreatment of klotho+/+ DC precursors with 1,25(OH)2D3 the first 2 days after isolation from bone marrow. Feeding klotho hm mice a vitamin D-deficient diet decreased NCKX activity, augmented LPS-induced increase of [Ca2+]i, and enhanced migration of klotho hm DCs, thus dissipating the differences between klotho hm DCs and klotho+/+ DCs. In conclusion, Klotho deficiency upregulates NCKX1 membrane abundance and Na+/Ca2+-exchange activity, thus blunting the increase of [Ca2+]i following LPS exposure and CCL21-mediated migration. The effects are in large part due to excessive 1,25(OH)2D3 formation.

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