scholarly journals Factors influencing the absorption of iron from soya-bean protein products

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Derman ◽  
D. Ballot ◽  
T. H. Bothwell ◽  
B. J. Macfarlane ◽  
R. D. Baynes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Fe Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bean Protein

1. The absorption of iron from soya-bean (Glycine hispida)-based and milk-based infant formulas was assessed in 138 multiparous Indian women, using the erythrocyte utilization of radioactive Fe method.2. Fe absorption was significantly greater from the basal milk formula (1.5 g protein) than it was from the basal soya-bean formula (2.3 g protein), with geometric mean values of 0.083 and 0.044 respectively.3. Ascorbic acid markedly increased Fe absorption from the milk-based formula in a dose-dependent fashion. The increase was fivefold when the ascorbic acid: Fe ratio on a weight-for-weight basis was 6: 1 and over tenfold when it was 20:1. In contrast, ascorbic acid had a less-marked effect on the absorption of Fe from the soya-bean-based formula, with only a two- to threefold increase at an ascorbic acid: Fe ratio of 20: 1.4. The geometric mean Fe absorption from the soya-bean formula (1.27 mg Fe, 2.3 g isolated soya-bean protein (ISP)) was somewhat less than that from the same amounts of ISP and ascorbic acid made up in milk (0.075 and 0.1 13 respectively). However, a direct comparison between the soya-bean formula in milk and in water showed no significant difference (0.043 and 0.060 respectively).5. Fe absorption from a drink containing 10 g ISP and 30 mg ascorbic acid was significantly better than that from a similar drink containing the soya-bean flour from which ISP is extracted (0.044 and 0.027 respectively).6. Heating ISP to 200° for 2 h before its use had no effect on Fe availability. When 2.3 g heated ISP (10 mg ascorbic acid) was compared with a similar formulation of untreated ISP, Fe absorption values were 0.135 and 0.099 respectively. Comparable values with 25 g ISP (no ascorbic acid) were 0.067 and 0.058.7. Citric acid in amounts of 1 4 g had a dose related but limited enhancing effect on Fe absorption from 10 g ISP, with a rise from 0.01 1 (no citric acid) to 0.068 (4 g citric acid).8. There was appreciable variability in the levels of Fe absorption in different studies, which suggested that unidentified manufacturing or preparative differences might be influencing the overall results.

The effects of fruit juices and fruits on the absorption of iron from a rice meal

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ballot ◽  
R. D. Baynes ◽  
T. H. Bothwell ◽  
M. Gillooly ◽  
J. Macfarlane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Better Than

1. The effects of the chemical composition of fruit juices and fruit on the absorption of iron from a rice (Oryza sativa) meal were measured in 234 parous Indian women, using the erythrocyte utilization of radioactive Fe method.2. The corrected geometric mean Fe absorptions with different juices varied between 0.040 and 0.129, with the variation correlating closely with the ascorbic acid contents of the juices (rs 0.838, P < 0.01).3. Ascorbic acid was not the only organic acid responsible for the promoting effects of citrus fruit juices on Fe absorption. Fe absorption from laboratory ‘orange juice’ (100 ml water, 33 mg ascorbic acid and 750 mg citric acid) was significantly better than that from 100 ml water and 33 mg ascorbic acid alone (0.097 and 0.059 respectively), while Fe absorption from 100 ml orange juice (28 mg ascorbic acid) was better than that from 100 ml water containing the same amount of ascorbic acid (0.139 and 0.098 respectively). Finally, Fe absorption from laboratory ‘lemon juice’ (100 ml orange juice and 4 g citric acid) was significantly better than that from 100 ml orange juice (0.226 and 0,166 respectively).4. The corrected geometric mean Fe absorption from the rice meal was 0.025. Several fruits had little or no effect on Fe absorption from the meal (0.013–0.024). These included grape (Vitis vinifera), peach (Prunuspersica), apple (Malus sylvestris) and avocado pear (Persea americana). Fruit with a mild to moderate enhancing effect on Fe absorption (0.03 1–0.088) included strawberry (Fragaria sp.) (uncorrected values), plum (Prunus domestica), rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum), banana (Musa cavendishii), mango (Mangifera indica), pear (Pyrus cornmunis), cantaloup (Cucumis melo) and pineapple (Ananas comosus) (uncorrected values). Guava (Psidium guajava) and pawpaw (Carica papaya) markedly increased Fe absorption (0.126–0.293).5. There was a close correlation between Fe absorption and the ascorbic acid content of the fruits tested (rs 0.738, P < 0.0001). There was also a weaker but significant correlation with the citric acid content (rs 0.55, P < 0.03). Although this may have reflected a direct effect of citric acid on Fe absorption, it should be noted that fruits containing citric acid also contained ascorbic acid (rs 0.70, P < 0.002). Similarly, the negative correlation (rs –0.62, P < 0,008) between Fe absorption and the malic acid content of fruits may have been due to the fact that fruits with a high malic acid content tended to have low levels of ascorbic acid (rs–0.45, P < 0.06).6. These various results suggested that most fruits have only a limited effect on overall Fe nutrition. However, the presence of citrus fruit, guava or pawpaw would be expected to increase Fe absorption markedly from diets of low Fe availability.

scholarly journals A comparison of the effects of soya-bean protein and casein on bile composition, cholelithiasis and serum lipoprotein lipids in the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops)

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Jaskiewicz ◽  
M. J. Weight ◽  
K. J. Christopher ◽  
A. J. S. Benadé ◽  
D. Kritchevsky
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Biopsy Material ◽  
Bile Composition ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bean Protein

1. Two groups of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus uethiops) were fed on high-cholesterol diets which differed only with respect to the protein source. In one group casein was the only protein source, while the other group received only soya-bean protein.2. Samples of blood, bile and liver biopsy material were collected at the commencement of the study and at 3-monthly intervals until termination 12 months later.3. At the end of the experimental period all the animals (n19) had high plasma cholesterol levels and had developed pigment gallstones, the compositions and weights of which were not related to the protein source or to plasma cholesterol levels. Gallstone weight was related to the presence of acidic and sulphated mucins in gallbladder mucosa. We were also unable to confirm the hypocholesterolaemic effect of soya-bean protein which has been demonstrated previously in rhesus monkeys and hamsters. Bile composition, and plasma lipids did not differ significantly between the casein-fed and soya-bean fed animals. Lithogenic index was below 1 for both groups and did not differ significantly between the two groups.4. No significant difference was found in the severity ofcholelithiasis between the casein-fed and the soya-bean-fed animals.

RELATIONSHIP OF THE SEX OF THE FOETUS TO THE AMOUNT OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN IN PLACENTAE; SINGLE AND DIZYGOTIC TWIN PLACENTAE COMPARED

1975 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRUCE HOBSON ◽  
LEIF WIDE
Keyword(s):  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Dizygotic Twin ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Normal Twin

SUMMARY Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was assayed by biological and radioimmunological methods in placentae from 16 women with a normal twin pregnancy. When the concentration and total amount of HCG in placentae was related to the sex of the twin foetus, no significant difference between 'male' and 'female' placentae was found. This is contrary to findings that there is a significant (P < 0·005) difference in the concentration of HCG per g and per placenta of singletons at term. A comparison between the grouped geometric mean data from bioassays shows that the amount of HCG per g and per placenta falls between the geometric mean values for 'male' and 'female' singleton placentae.

scholarly journals Effect of Final Irrigation Protocol on Dentin Microhardness

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 2157-2162
Author(s):  
Farah Salahalden Abbas ◽  
Nadeen Jamal Abdulredah ◽  
Amer Salman Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Endodontic therapy is essentially a debridement procedure that requires the removal of the irritants of the canal and periapical tissue if success is to be gained. The debridement may include instrumentation of the canal, placement of medicament and irrigants. Complete cleaning of the root-canal system requires the use of irrigants that dissolve organic and inorganic material. The study aimed to evaluate changes in dentin microhardness after canal irrigation with different solutions. Twenty four freshly extracted human mandibular molars (distal roots with single canals) were used. 10mm root length was taken as standard length. The roots were embedded into auto polymerizing acrylic resin using plastic molds before the canals preparation and micro hardness test. The distal roots were prepared with one shape rotary file. Before the preparation each root was irrigated with 1ml distilled water. Then the roots were divided into four groups according to the final irrigation protocol: Group A: NaOCl 2.5%, Group B: EDTA 17%, Group C: Citric Acid 40%, Group D: Distilled Water. For (Vicker microhardness test) the same load and time 500 g test load for 20 seconds, will be conducted three times at distance 0.5mm from canal lumen ; thus there will be 9 indentations on each specimen surface. An average of the three readings for each test condition will be recorded as the VHN value of a specimen. Comparing all four groups statistically there was no significant difference among them. The mean values were found more reduced in EDTA group followed by NaOCL group, and then Control and Citric Acid groups. All the groups showed reduction in dentin microhardness. EDTA group showed the maximum reduction followed by NaOCL group, and least with Citric Acid group.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the absorption of iron from cereals

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gillooly ◽  
T. H. Bothwell ◽  
R. W. Charlton ◽  
J. D. Torrance ◽  
W. R. Bezwoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Fe Method ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Gum Tragacanth ◽  
White Flour ◽  
Sorghum Grain

1. Non-haem-iron absorption from a variety of cereal and fibre meals was measured in parous Indian women, using the erythrocyte utilization of radioactive Fe method.2. The present study was undertaken to establish whether alteration of the phytate and polyphenol contents of sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) affected Fe absorption from sorghum meals, and to assess the influence of fibre on Fe absorption.3. Removing the outer layers of sorghum grain by pearling reduced the polyphenol and phytate contents by 96 and 92% respectively. This treatment significantly increased the geometric mean Fe absorption from 0.017 to 0.035 (t 3.9, p < 0.005).4. The geometric mean Fe absorption from a sorghum cultivar that lacked polyphenols (albino sorghum) was 0.043, which was significantly greater than the 0.019 absorbed from bird-proof sorghum, a cultivar with a high polyphenol content (t 2.83, p < 0.05).5. Fe was less well absorbed from the phytate-rich pearlings of the albino sorghum than from the pearled albino sorghum (0.015 v. 0.035 (t 8.4, P < 0.0005)). Addition of sodium phytate to a highly Fe-bioavailable broccoli (Brassica oleracea) meal reduced Fe absorption from 0.185 to 0.037.6. The geometric mean Fe absorption from malted sorghum porridge was 0.024 when 9.5 mg ascorbic acid were added and 0.094 when the ascorbic acid was increased to 50 mg (t 3.33, P < 0.005). This enhancing effect of 50 mg ascorbic acid was significantly depressed to 0.04 by tea (t 38.1, P < 0.0005).7. Wheat bran significantly decreased the geometric mean Fe absorption from white flour from 0.116 to 0.043 (t 7.2, P < 0.0005).8. Some of the constituents of the dietary fibre complex, such as apple pectin, guar gum, gum tragacanth and microcrystalline cellulose did not inhibit Fe absorption. On the other hand, hemicellulose and lignin decreased absorption. The geometric mean absorption of Fe given with hemicellulose was 0.079 v. 0.269 with microcrystalline cellulose (t 2.95, P < 0.05). Addition of cocoa, which contains approximately 280 g lignin/kg, reduced the geometric mean Fe absorption from milk from 0.075 to 0.035 (t 2.7, P < 0.05).

In vitro studies in primary aldosteronism:

1988 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie T. Pham-Huu-Trung ◽  
J. M. Duclos ◽  
J. Y. Pagny ◽  
A. Bogyo ◽  
P. Leneuve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Adrenal Cells ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nodular Hyperplasia ◽  
Aldosterone Production ◽  
Abnormal Rate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Glucocorticoid Production

Abstract. The spontaneous glucocorticoid production in control adrenal cells (N = 10) and in the adenoma cells (N = 15) exhibited comparable geometric mean values: 1.896 nmol/ml/4–5 × 105 cells per 2 h (confidence limits: 0.428–8.391) and 1.852 nmol/ml (0.326–12.241), respectively. The same results were obtained for the three samples of nodular hyperplasia cells. When cortisol and corticosterone were measured separately, there was no significant difference between the outputs for control cells and those for pathological cells. Baseline aldosterone production in control cells showed a geometric mean of 2.525 pmol/ml (0.236–27.192). In the 15 adenomas, spontaneous production was extremely important: 57.297 pmol/ml (3.357–976.692). The difference was highly significant (P < 0.0005). Aldosterone levels in the 3 samples of nodular hyperplasia cells were not different from the control values. In 9 out of the 15 adenomas, aldosterone responses to 10−10 mol/l ACTH, expressed as stimulated/basal production, were above normal: 3.58 ± 0.86 (sem) against 1.48 ± 0.08 (P < 0.025). In the remaining 6 and in the 3 samples of nodular hyperplasia cells, there was a slight or no response. Angiotensin II (AII) stimulated both adenoma and nodular hyperplasia cells to varying degrees, without any obvious difference between these two categories. A combination of ACTH (10−12 mol/l) and All (10−12 mol/l) had a synergistic action on aldosterone production in cells classed in the adenoma group. These findings demonstrate that despite the abnormal rate of aldosterone formation in adenoma cells, the production rate of corticosterone and cortisol remains normal. They unmask two functional categories with regard to ACTH in the adenoma group. Finally, they underline the relative insensitivity of nodular hyperplasia cells to ACTH.

OVARIAN ASCORBIC ACID DEPLETION TEST FOR LUTEINIZING HORMONE

1967 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Jacob Koed ◽  
Christian Hamburger
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Dose Response Curve ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT Comparison of the dose-response curves for LH of ovine origin (NIH-LH-S8) and of human origin (IRP-HMG-2) using the OAAD test showed a small, though statistically significant difference, the dose-response curve for LH of human origin being a little flatter. Two standard curves for ovine LH obtained with 14 months' interval, were parallel but at different levels of ovarian ascorbic acid. When the mean ascorbic acid depletions were calculated as percentages of the control levels, the two curves for NIH-LH-S8 were identical. The use of standards of human origin in the OAAD test for LH activity of human preparations is recommended.

A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF ALDOSTERONE SECRETION RATE IN MAN

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lund-Johansen ◽  
T. Thorsen ◽  
K. F. Støa
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Derivative Method ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT A comparison has been made between (A), a relatively simple method for the measurement of aldosterone secretion rate, based on paper chromatography and direct densitometry of the aldosterone spot and (B) a more elaborate isotope derivative method. The mean secretion rate in 9 normal subjects was 112 ± 26 μg per 24 hours (method A) and 135 ± 35 μg per 24 hours (method B). The »secretion rate« in one adrenalectomized subject after the intravenous injection of 250 μg of aldosterone was 230 μg per 24 hours (method A) and 294 μg per 24 hours (method B). There was no significant difference in the mean values, and correlation between the two methods was good (r = 0.80). It is concluded that the densitometric method is suitable for clinical purposes as well as research, being more rapid and less expensive than the isotope derivative method. Method A also measures the urinary excretion of the aldosterone 3-oxo-conjugate, which is of interest in many pathological conditions. The densitometric method is obviously the less sensitive and a prerequisite for its use is an aldosterone secretion of 20—30 μg per 24 hours. Lower values are, however, rare in adults.

Effectiveness of Brushing Associated with Oral Irrigation in Maintenance of Peri-Implant Tissues and Overdentures: Clinical Parameters and Patient Satisfaction.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Moreira Salles ◽  
Viviane de Cássia Oliveira ◽  
Ana Paula Macedo ◽  
Claudia Helena Silva-Lovato ◽  
Helena de Freitas Oliveira Paranhos
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Ring System ◽  
Complete Dentures ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Prosthetic Rehabilitation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Level

Implant-supported prostheses hygiene and peri-implant tissues health are considered to be predictive factors for successful prosthetic rehabilitation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of brushing associated with oral irrigation measured as biofilm-removing capacity, maintenance of healthy oral tissues, and patient satisfaction. A randomized, crossover clinical trial was conducted with 38 patients who wore conventional maxillary complete dentures and mandibular overdentures retained by the O-ring system. The patients were instructed to use the following hygiene methods for 14 days: mechanical brushing [MB (brush and dentifrice - Control)]; and MB with oral irrigation [WP (Waterpik - Experimental)]. Biofilm-removing capacity and maintenance of healthy oral tissues were evaluated by the Modified Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Depth (PD), and Bleeding on Probing Index (BP) recorded at baseline and after each method. In parallel, patients answered a specific questionnaire using a Visual Analogue Scale after each hygiene method. Data were analyzed by Friedman and Wilcoxon tests (α=0.05). The results showed significantly lower PI, GI, PD, and BP indices after application of the hygiene methods (P&lt;0.001) than those observed at baseline. However, no significant difference was found between MB and WP. The satisfaction questionnaire responses to both methods showed high mean values for all questions, with no statistically significant difference found between the answers given after the use of MB and WP (P&gt;0.05). The findings suggest that WP was effective in reducing PI, GI, PD, and BP indices and provided a high level of patient satisfaction.

CONCENTRADO PROTEICO OBTIDO DAS FOLHAS DE MANDIOCA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) DE TRÊS VARIEDADES COMERCIAIS.

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabel Aparecida Soares ◽  
Mauro Sérgio Téo ◽  
Carlise DEBASTIANI ◽  
Suzymeire BARONI ◽  
Vanessa Silva RETUCI
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

O trabalho teve por objetivo verificar diferenças entre rendimento do concentrado proteico e proteína bruta da folha da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtidos a partir de três variedades comerciais: branca, cascuda e vermelha. As manivas foram plantadas seguindo o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Nas comparações entre as variedades, considerou coletas escalonadas pós-plantio, realizadas aos 12, 14 e 16 meses. O concentrado proteico foi obtido a partir da farinha das folhas inteiras e submetido ao método de termo - coagulação ácido e a proteína bruta pelo método padrão AOAC. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e comparados pelo teste de Tukey - 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados não indicaram diferença significativa entre as médias obtidas para rendimento de concentrado proteico. Para a variável porcentagem de proteína bruta a variedade Branca foi a que apresentou maior valor, com média de 46,25%, seguida pela Cascuda e Vermelha, 44,52% e 37,30%, sucessivamente. Conclui-se que outros estudos devem avaliar condições que possam influenciar no teor de proteína foliar, como clima e solo, e, avaliar os níveis de ácido cianídrico de cada variedade, indicando qual das três é a melhor para a extração do concentrado proteico das folhas. Palavras chaves: Manihot esculenta Crantz, variedades comerciais, concentrado proteico, proteína bruta. ABSTRACT: The study aimed to assess the differences between income protein concentrate, crude protein of cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtained from three commercial varieties: white, red and cascuda. The cuttings were planted following the completely randomized design with three replications. Comparisons between the varieties considered after planting staggered collections, held on 12, 14 and 16 months. The protein concentrate was obtained from flour of whole sheets and subjected to the term method - acid coagulation and crude protein by AOAC standard method. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test - 5% probability. The results indicated no significant difference between the mean values obtained for protein concentrate income. For the variable percentage of crude protein White variety showed the highest, with an average of 46.25%, followed by cascuda and Red, 44.52% and 37.30%, successively. We conclude that further studies should evaluate conditions that may affect the leaf protein content, such as climate and soil, and evaluate the hydrocyanic acid levels of each variety, indicating which of the three is the best for the extraction of protein concentrate from leaves Key words: Manihot esculenta Crantz, commercial varieties, protein concentrate, crude protein.

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