scholarly journals Digestion of milk, fish and soya-bean protein in the preruminant calf: flow of digesta, apparent digestibility at the end of the ileum and amino acid composition of ileal digesta

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Guilloteau ◽  
R. Toullec ◽  
J. F. Grongnet ◽  
P. Patureau-Mirand ◽  
J. Prugnaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Bacterial Proteins ◽  
The Mean

1. Digesta were collected from eleven preruminant calves fitted with re-entrant (four calves in Expt 1 and three in Expt 2) or single cannulas (four calves in Expt 1) in the terminal ileum. Collection periods lasted 24 h (Expt 1) or 96 h (Expt 2).2. Two milk-substitutes (fish and soya bean) and a control diet were given to the calves. In the control diet, protein was entirely provided by skim-milk powder. In the other two diets, protein was provided mainly by a partially hydrolysed white-fish protein concentrate or a soya-bean protein concentrate prepared by extracting soya-bean meal with hot aqueous ethanol.3. In Expt 1, flow rates of fresh matter, dry matter, nitrogen and ash exhibited two maxima between 6 and 8 h after the morning meal and between 4 and 6 h (control and soya-bean diets) or 6 and 8 h (fish diet) after the evening meal. Minimum pH values were observed at times of maximum flow rate. Variations observed in the flow rates and pH values were larger with fish and especially soya-bean diets than with the control diet.4. The apparent digestibility of the three diets in the terminal ileum was significantly higher in Expt 2 than in Expt 1: for N, the values were 0.92, 0.83 and 0.75 (Expt l), and 0.94, 0.87 and 0.88 (Expt 2) with the control, fish and soya-bean diets respectively.5. The amount of N apparently absorbed in the terminal ileum represented 90–96% of the amount that disappeared from the whole digestive tract in Expt 1 and 95–99% in Expt 2.6. In Expt 1 the amino acid (AA) composition of digesta changed little with the flow rate when the calves were given the control diet (from 158 to 179 g glutamic acid/kg AA). With the fish and soya-bean diets the AA composition was similar to that observed with the control diet when the flow rate was minimum, but differences became apparent as the flow rate increased (281 and 161 g glutamic acid/kg AA for the soya-bean and control diets respectively with maximum flow rate). In Expt 2, the mean compositions of the digesta were very similar to the means obtained in Expt 1.7. Different comparisons with dietary, endogenous and bacterial proteins indicated that for the three diets a common mixture containing approximately 65% endogenous and 35 % bacterial proteins reached the terminal ileum. The quantity of dietary protein added to this mixture appeared to be very low with the control diet, but it increased with the flow rate in the case of the fish and soya-bean diets.8. In Expt 2, the additional undigested protein in the small intestine was richer in glycine with the fish diet and in glutamic acid and aspartic acid with the soya-bean diet compared with the control diet. This undigested fraction probably originated mainly from the fish solubles and the glycinin of soya bean respectively.9. With the control diet the apparent digestibility of threonine and cystine was always lower than the mean value for all AA while that of methionine was higher (0.92, 0.82 and 0.96 respectively). Digestibility of all AA was higher for the control diet than corresponding values for the fish and soya-bean diets; these differences were greatest for histidine with the fish diet (–0.11) and for glutamic acid with the soya-bean diet (–0.13).

scholarly journals Suitable Turbine Selection based on the Parameters of a Potential Site at Sarawak, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 6399-6402
Author(s):  
K. A. Samo ◽  
I. A. Samo ◽  
W. Mughal ◽  
A. R. H. Rigit ◽  
A. A. Sohoo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
Potential Site ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Suitable System

The tidal range is a renewable energy source. In Malaysia, most of the produced renewable energy is generated from the exploitation of the tidal range. The main purpose of this research is to determine a suitable system to produce tidal range energy from a potential site. A turbine selection chart is used. The mean tidal range of Kuching Barrage is 4.2m and the maximum flow rate over a gate is 226.9m3/s. Therefore, for the extraction of electrical power, a bulb-type turbine with a rated power of 5.2MW is identified as suitable to be deployed at the site.

Nutrient apparent digestibility and the performance of growing fattening pigs as affected by incremental additions of fat to starch or non-starch polysaccharides

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. M. Bakker ◽  
R. Jongbloed ◽  
M. W. A. Verstegen ◽  
A. W. Jongbloed ◽  
M. W. Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Maize Starch ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates

AbstractIn a factorial design, animal fat was added incrementally (0, 35, 70 and 105 g/kg) to maize starch (M) or to two sources of fermentable carbohydrates (260 g purified cellulose (C) per kg or 270 g soya-bean hulls (S) per kg). The 12 experimental diets were formulated by replacing maize starch in the control diet with fat, cellulose and soya-bean hulls of equivalent estimated net energy. Ninety-six castrated males were given these diets according to net energy. Apparent digestibilities of crude protein, crude lipid, crude fibre and nitrogen-free extract were measured and were compared with those expected from the separate ingredients. Net energy conversion ratio (nECR) was also measured. Results showed that in the C and the S diets prediction of the apparent digestibility of nutrients was worse than in the M diets (significant effect of source of carbohydrate). Prediction of apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude lipid improved as the added fat increased (significant effect of amount of fat), except in the C and S diets where for digestible crude lipid the 70 g added fat per kg gave the worst prediction (significant effect of the interaction). The net energy calculated from the experimental data on apparent digestibility was proportionately between 0·83 and 0·98 of that calculated from the expected data. The pigs on the C and S treatments showed a significant lower nECR when calculated from the expected apparent digestibility coefficients, but not when calculated from those which were measured. At the highest fat addition, the nECR was poorest. It is concluded that the amounts of digestible components in compound foods cannot always be obtained from those in the separate ingredients.

scholarly journals Digestion of concentrates in sheep

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
C. Fraser ◽  
I. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

1. Four sheep were given four diets containing proportions of rolled barley and soya-bean meal varied to provide 10.3, 13.3, 16.1 and 19.9% crude protein in the dietary dry matter; the treatments were given according to a 4 x 4 Latin square design. The mean daily intake was 989 g dry matter. The apparent disappearance of protein, ash, ether extractives and carbohydrate before the abomasum, between the abomasum and terminal ileum and between the terminal ileum and rectum was measured.2. The amount of non-ammonia crude protein (Y1, g/d) disappearing from the small intestine increased with protein intake (X, g/d) according to the equation Y1 = 2.12X – 0.0057X2–83, reaching a maximum when there was about 19% crude protein in the dry matter of the diet.3. The treatments had no significant effects on the disappearance of starch, ether extractives or ash. About 93% of starch disappeared in the rumen and 6% in the small intestine. The total mean daily intake of ether extractives was 21 g; 9 g were added in the rumen, 24 g disappeared from the small intestine and 6 g were excreted in the faeces. The total mean daily intake of ash was 67 g; 26 g were added in the rumen, 37 g disappeared from the small intestine, 9 g from the large intestine and 47 g were excreted in the faeces.

Feeding British rapeseed meals to pregnant and lactating ewes

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isobel C. Vincent ◽  
H. Ll. Williams ◽  
R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Dietary Effects ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

ABSTRACTThree types of high glucosinolate British rapeseed meal (RSM) — extracted, expeller and extruded — were incorporated in ewe diets at 200 g/kg; soya-bean meal (SBM) at 165 g/kg replaced RSM in a control diet. Eighty housed Suffolk-Mule ewes were divided into four equal groups and given one of four diets, A (control SBM), B (extracted RSM), C (expeller RSM) or D (extruded RSM) for one reproductive cycle. Diets A and B were compared for a second season. The ewes were given a maximum of 2·5 kg diet per day during lactation. Barley straw was available ad libitum. The ewes were mated in November and December. Lambs were weaned at 42 days of age; they were given creep food similar in composition to their dams' lactation diets.There were no dietary effects on ewes in overall health, live weight, oestrous activity, conception, number of lambs born alive or lamb birth weights. A mean of 1·6 lambs were weaned per ewe mated and 58% of these were twins, in year 1. In year 2, 1·8 lambs were reared and 79% were twins. The mean milk yield over the first 4 weeks of lactation was 3·2 1 and there were no significant dietary effects. Fat concentration in milk was very variable, but in general was slightly depressed by the RSM diets, significantly so at three sampling dates. Protein concentration was consistently lower in milk from RSM than SBM groups, significantly lower at four of the weekly samplings. Thiocyanate levels in plasma and milk were related to glucosinolate intake, but were not associated with any detrimental effects. At all sampling dates, values for RSM groups were significantly greater than for SBM ewes. Plasma thyroxine values were similar regardless of diet

scholarly journals Suitable Turbine Selection based on the Parameters of a Potential Site at Sarawak, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
pp. 6399-6402
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
Potential Site ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Suitable System

The tidal range is a renewable energy source. In Malaysia, most of the produced renewable energy is generated from the exploitation of the tidal range. The main purpose of this research is to determine a suitable system to produce tidal range energy from a potential site. A turbine selection chart is used. The mean tidal range of Kuching Barrage is 4.2m and the maximum flow rate over a gate is 226.9m3/s. Therefore, for the extraction of electrical power, a bulb-type turbine with a rated power of 5.2MW is identified as suitable to be deployed at the site.

Outcome of Buccal Mucosal Graft Urethroplasty in Long Segment Anterior Urethral Stricture

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Mrinmoy Biswas ◽  
Sudip Das Gupta ◽  
Mohammed Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Sharif Mohammad Wasimuddin
Keyword(s):  
Urethral Stricture ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Surgical Outcome ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Anastomotic Site ◽  
Buccal Mucosal Graft ◽  
Male Patients

Objective: To assess the success of BMG urethroplasty in long segment anterior urethral stricture. Method: From January 2014 to December 2015, twenty male patients with long anterior segment urethral stricture were managed by BMG urethroplasty. After voiding trial they were followed up at 3 month with Uroflowmetry, RGU & MCU and PVR measurement by USG. Patients were further followed up with Uroflowmetry and PVR at 6 months interval.Successful outcome was defined as normal voiding with a maximum flow rate >15ml /sec and PVR<50 ml with consideration of maximum one attempt of OIU after catheter removal. Results: Mean stricture length was 5.2 cm (range 3-9 cm) and mean follow-up was 15.55 months (range 6-23 months). Only two patients developed stricture at proximal anastomotic site during follow-up. One of them voided normally after single attempt of OIU. Other one required second attempt of OIU and was considered as failure (5%). Conclusion: BMG urethroplasty is a simple technique with good surgical outcome. Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 19, No. 2, July 2016 p.64-68

Research on an axial-mounted dual magnetostrictive material rods-based electro-hydrostatic actuator

2021 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2110145
Author(s):  
Yuchuan Zhu ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Yunze Song ◽  
Long Chen ◽  
Yulei Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Magnetostrictive Material ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Motion State ◽  
New Type ◽  
Output Characteristics ◽  
Active Rectification

In this paper, an electro-hydrostatic actuator driven by dual axial-mounted magnetostrictive material rods-based pumps (MMPs) with a new type of active rectification valve is designed in the current study. Based on flow distribution of the active rectification valve and driving energy provided by two MMPs, the actuator can output continuous and bidirectional displacement. By establishing a mathematical model of the actuating system, using simulation techniques, the change rule of hydraulic cylinder’s motion state caused by different driving signals are studied and analyzed. Test equipment platform is constructed in the laboratory to test the output characteristics and confirm the feasibility of the new concept. The experimental results indicate that the maximum flow rate can reach approximately 2.7 L·min−1, while the operating frequency is 180 Hz.

scholarly journals Correlation of intravesical prostatic protrusion with severity of lower urinary symptoms among patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Babatunde K. Hamza ◽  
Muhammed Ahmed ◽  
Ahmad Bello ◽  
Musliu Adetola Tolani ◽  
Mudi Awaisu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Bladder Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Prostate Volume ◽  
Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Peak Flow Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Benign Prostate ◽  
Intravesical Prostatic Protrusion ◽  
Lower Urinary

Abstract Background Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is characterized by an increase in the number of epithelial and stromal cells in the periurethral area of the prostate. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) often develop as a manifestation of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) due to benign prostate enlargement. When the prostate enlarges, protrusion into the bladder often occurs as a result of morphological changes of the gland. Prostatic protrusion into the bladder can be measured with ultrasound as intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP). There are studies that have shown IPP as a reliable predictor of bladder obstruction index (BOOI) as measured by pressure flow studies. IPP is thereby reliable in assessing the severity of BOO in patients with BPH. The severity of symptoms in patients with BPH can be assessed through several scoring systems. The most widely used symptoms scoring system is the International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS). The aim of this study is to determine the correlation of IPP with IPSS in men with BPH at our facility. Methods The study was a cross-sectional observational study that was conducted at the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, in our facility. The study was conducted on patients greater than 50 years LUTS and an enlarged prostate on digital rectal examination and/or ultrasound. All consenting patients were assessed with the International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) questionnaire, following which an abdominal ultrasound was done to measure the intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP), prostate volume (PV) and post-void residual (PVR) urine. All the patients had uroflowmetry, and the peak flow rate was determined. The data obtained were entered into a proforma. The results were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software package version 20. Results A total of 167 patients were seen during the study period. The mean age was 63.7 ± 8.9 years, with a range of 45–90 years. The mean IPSS was 18.24 ± 6.93, with a range of 5–35. There were severe symptoms in 49.1%, while 43.1% had moderate symptoms and 7.8% had mild symptoms. The overall mean IPP was 10.3 ± 8 mm. Sixty-two patients (37.1%) had grade I IPP, 21 patients (12.6%) had grade II IPP and 84 patients (50.3%) had grade III IPP. The mean prostate volume and peak flow rate were 64 g ± 34.7 and 11.6 ml/s ± 5.4, respectively. The median PVR was 45 ml with a range of 0–400 ml. There was a significant positive correlation between the IPP and IPSS (P = 0.001). IPP also had a significant positive correlation with prostate volume and post-void residual and a significant negative correlation with the peak flow rate (P < 0.01). Conclusion Intravesical prostatic protrusion is a reliable predictor of severity of LUTS as measured by IPSS, and it also shows good correlation with other surrogates of bladder outlet obstruction.

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