scholarly journals Glucose metabolism in cattle given sugar cane based diets supplemented with varying quantities of rice polishings

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Ferreiro ◽  
A. Priego ◽  
J. Lopez ◽  
T. R. Preston ◽  
R. A. Leng
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Protein Diets

1. Glucose entry rates were measured with [2−3H]glucose in groups of cattle given sugar-cane diets and between o and 1200 g rice polishings.2. In the first experiment measurements of glucose metabolism were estimated in four animals (one of each being given 0, 400, 600 and 1000 g supplement) over 24 h using a repeated single injection at 6 h intervals and sampling blood for 3 h.3. The results indicated that in a short time period of each isotope experiment relatively steady-state conditions existed since the plot of log specific radioactivity v. time was linear with a high correlation coefficient.4. The pattern of glucose entry rates was variable over the 24 h period being highest shortly after feeding and then declining to quite low levels immediately before the next feed, 24 h later. However, the more rice polishings that were made available to the cattle, the higher the glucose entry rate at 4–7 h, and it remained higher for a longer time.5. In the second experiment with nineteen animals there was a linear relationship between the glucose entry rate (measured 4–7 h after feeding) and the amount of rice polishings consumed by the animal.6. The results suggest that glucose is being made available in quite large quantities from the supplement. Using the means of these estimates over 24 h to predict glucose entry rate on a daily basis, it is suggested that at least 50% of the starch in the rice polishings was made available to the animal as glucose.7. The results are discussed in relation to the suggestion that the availability of glucose may be limiting nutrient in cattle given low-protein diets.

EFFECTS OF GRADED DIETARY PROTEIN LEVELS ON UREA RECYCLING IN THE PIG

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1193-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. THACKER ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND ◽  
L. P. MILLIGAN ◽  
E. WELTZIEN
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Urea Recycling ◽  
Protein Diets

The kinetics of urea recycling were determined in six female crossbred pigs utilizing a radioisotope dilution technique. The experimental animals were fed three times daily 500 g of a corn-soybean meal diet formulated to contain 8.4, 15.8 or 24.7% crude protein. Nitrogen digestibility, urinary nitrogen excretion, total nitrogen excretion and retained nitrogen were highest on the 24.7% protein diet and decreased with decreasing dietary protein. Urea pool size, entry rate and excretion rate were also highest on the 24.7% protein diet and decreased with decreasing protein intake. Expressed as a percentage of the total entry rate, a significantly higher percentage of urea was recycled in pigs fed the low protein diets compared with those fed a higher protein diet. Key words: Pig, urea, recycling, kinetics, protein

scholarly journals Evaluation of three isotope-dilution techniques for studying the kinetics of glucose metabolism in sheep

1969 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. White ◽  
J. W. Steel ◽  
R. A. Leng ◽  
J. R. Luick
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Exponential Equation ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Feeding Regimes

1. Comparisons have been made of three isotope-dilution techniques for measuring parameters of glucose metabolism in sheep given their daily ration in 12 equal amounts (i.e. from 07.00 to 18.00hr.) 2. [U−14C]Glucose was used in all experiments. After a single injection the specific radioactivity of plasma glucose was measured at specific times for up to 24hr. Primed infusions were made with various ratios of P, priming injection (nc), to F, infusion rate (nc/min.) (P/F ratios varying from 23:1 to 147:1) and the specific radioactivity of plasma glucose was measured at 60, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 240min. In continuous infusions the specific radioactivity of plasma glucose was followed for 9hr.; a constant specific radioactivity was observed after approximately 180min. 3. A computer programme was used to fit a multi-exponential equation to the log(specific radioactivity)–time curve after a single injection. A second- or third-order exponential equation was found to fit the results. 4. Conventional analyses of all results showed that similar estimates of the irreversible loss of glucose were obtained by using all three techniques. Estimates of glucose pool size and space by using the primed infusion technique were both significantly higher than estimates obtained by the single injection technique. In these experiments total entry rate could only be determined from the single-injection results and a wide variation in estimates was obtained. 5. Comparisons of the specific radioactivity–time relationships after a single injection of [U−14C]glucose in sheep given their ration either once daily or as a proportion at hourly intervals indicated that there were fluctuations in glucose synthesis in the former over the period of the experiment. The multi-exponential curves fitted to these results had larger residual variances than in sheep given food at hourly intervals. All parameters of glucose metabolism estimated were similar under both feeding regimes. 6. A number of methods of analysis are discussed and a model for glucose metabolism in sheep in suggested.

Effects upon glucose metabolism of feeding a low-or high-roughage diet at two levels of intake to sheep

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essi Evans ◽  
J. G. Buchanan-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Subsequent Withdrawal ◽  
Dietary Treatments

1. To determine the effect of diet and level of energy intake on glucose metabolism in sheep, four dietary treatments consisting of feeding a low-roughage (LR) and a high-roughage (HR) diet at each of two intake levels estimated to provide 586 and 1172 kJ (140 and 280 kcal) digestible energy (DE)/kg body-weight0·75 per d were given to each of eight yearling rams in four different time periods each of 4 weeks duration. Both diets contained 140 g crude protein/ kg using ground maize, mixed hay and soya-bean meal and were given in two meals/d. Estimated DE values of food were verified during the study and actual intakes of DE were within 9·5% of the estimated values.2. To study glucose metabolism, a single intravenous injection of [2-3H]glucose and subsequent withdrawal of nine venous blood samples within 3 h were made in each experiment. Two experiments were conducted on consecutive days for each sheep on each dietary treatment.3. Coefficients of determination (r2) for linear regressions to measure the effect of time after a single injection of [2-3H]glucose on log specific radioactivity of plasma glucose were calculated for fifty-eight experiments. In fifty-six of the experiments, r2 values exceeding 0·95 were obtained.4. Compared to the HR diet, the LR diet increased (P < 0·05) the pool size and decreased (P < 0·05) the half-life of glucose. At both intake levels, the LR diet increased (P < 0·05) the plasma concentration and the entry rate of glucose compared to the HR diet but interaction (P < 0·05) between diet and intake level was attributed to a greater difference obtained between diets at the higher compared to the lower level of food intake. Increasing the level of intake caused a greater (P < 0·05) pool size and space, and a shorter (P < 0·05) half-life of glucose.5. It was concluded that substitution of roughage by concentrate in a ruminant's diet may increase the rate of glucose entry during a short time period after eating.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Total Entry Rate and Resynthesis of Glucose in Sheep Using Glucoses Uniformly Labelled With 14C and Variously Labelled With 3H

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Judson ◽  
RA Leng
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Daily Ration ◽  
Entry Rate

Comparisons have been made of [6_3H]-, [3-3H]-, and [2-3H]glucose with [U-14C]glucose for measuring parameters of glucose metabolism in sheep given their daily ration in 24 equal amounts at hourly intervals. The specific radioactivity (R) of plasma glucose was measured at frequent intervals from 0 to 10 hr and 0 to 32 hr after the start of a constant infusion. or single injection, of mixtures of these isotopes respectively.

World Economy: Prospects and Barriers for Recovery

2012 ◽  
pp. 61-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Western World ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Junk Bonds ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
Global Liquidity ◽  
Short Time

According to the latest forecasts, it will take 10 years for the world economy to get back to “decent shape”. Some more critical estimates suggest that the whole western world will have a “colossal mess” within the next 5–10 years. Regulators of some major countries significantly and over a short time‑period changed their forecasts for the worse which means that uncertainty in the outlook for the future persists. Indeed, the intensive anti‑crisis measures have reduced the severity of the past problems, however the problems themselves have not disappeared. Moreover, some of them have become more intense — the eurocrisis, excessive debts, global liquidity glut against the backdrop of its deficit in some of market segments. As was the case prior to the crisis, derivatives and high‑risk operations with “junk” bonds grow; budget problems — “fiscal cliff” in the US — and other problems worsen. All of the above forces the regulators to take unprecedented (in their scope and nature) steps. Will they be able to tackle the problems which emerge?

Effect of short-term use of oral contraceptive pills on intraocular pressure

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayyaba Gul Malik ◽  
Hina Nadeem ◽  
Eiman Ayesha ◽  
Rabail Alam
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Short Time

Objective: To study the effect of short-term use of oral contraceptive pills on intra-ocular pressures of women of childbearing age.   Methods: It was a comparative observational study, conducted at Arif memorial teaching hospital and Allied hospital Faisalabad for a period of six months. Hundred female subjects were divided into two groups of 50 each. Group A, included females, who had been taking oral contraceptive pills (OCP) for more than 6 months and less than 36 months. Group B, included 50 age-matched controls, who had never used OCP. Ophthalmic and systemic history was taken. Careful Slit lamp examination was performed and intraocular pressures (IOP) were measured using Goldman Applanation tonometer. Fundus examination was done to rule out any posterior segment disease. After collection of data, we analyzed and compared the intra ocular pressures between the two groups by using ANOVA in SPSS version 21.   Results: Average duration of using OCP was 14.9 months. There was no significant difference of Cup to Disc ratios between the two groups (p= 0.109). However, significant difference was noted between the IOP of OCP group and controls. (p=0.000). Conclusion: OCP significantly increase IOP even when used for short time period.

Guest is God

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew Thomases
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Sacred Space ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Northwestern India ◽  
Gathering Place ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Town

This book is based on ethnographic fieldwork in Pushkar, a Hindu pilgrimage site in northwestern India whose population of 20,000 sees an influx of two million visitors each year. Since the 1970s, the town has also received considerable attention from international tourists, a group with distinctly hippie beginnings but that now includes visitors from a wide spectrum of social positions and religious affiliations. To locals, though, Pushkar is more than just a gathering place for pilgrims and tourists: it is where Brahma, the creator god, made his home; it is where pilgrims feel blessed to stay, if only for a short time; and it is where Hindus would feel lucky to be reborn, if only as an insect. In short, it is their paradise. But even paradise needs upkeep. Thus, on a daily basis the town’s locals, and especially those engaged in pilgrimage and tourism, work to make Pushkar paradise. The book explores this massive enterprise to build “heaven on earth,” paying particular attention to how the articulation of sacred space becomes entangled with economic changes brought on by globalization and tourism. As such, the author not only attends to how tourism affects everyday life in Pushkar but also to how Hindu ideas determine the nature of tourism there; the goal, then, is to show how religion and tourism can be mutually constitutive.

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