The nutritional and metabolic impact of γ-linolenic acid (18:3ω6) on cats deprived of animal lipid

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa L. Frankel ◽  
J. P. W. Rivers
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Desaturase Activity ◽  
Plasma Phospholipids ◽  
Dietary Requirement ◽  
Δ5 Desaturase

1. The syndrome induced by depriving cats of animal lipid is partially cured by feeding 18:3ω6. This is associated with an increase in levels of 20:3ω6, but not 20:4ω6, in plasma phospholipids.2. It is concluded that the cat lacks Δ5 desaturase activity and has a dietary requirement for 18:3ω6 and possibly 20:4ω6.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary fats on the δ6- and δ5-desaturation of fatty acids in rat liver microsomes

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kirstein ◽  
C.-E. Høy ◽  
G. Hølmer
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Desaturase Activity ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Rat Liver Microsomes ◽  
Δ5 Desaturase ◽  
Substrate Level

1. Rats were given diets containing (% dietary energy): 46 arachis oil (AO), 36 partially-hydrogenated arachis oil (HAO) + 10 AO, 36 partially-hydrogenated marine oil (HMO) + 10 AO, or 46 of a combination of rape-seed oils high and low in erucic acid (RSO + LERSO).2. In the liver microsomes the content of arachidonic acid (20:4ω6) was reduced inthe groups given HAO + AO and HMO + AO.3. The rates of Δ6-desaturation of linoleic acid into γ-linolenic acid (18:3ω6) and of Δ5-desaturation of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid into arachidonic acid were studied in vitro at two substrate levels: a high substrate level reflecting maximal microsomal desaturase activity in rat liver and a low substrate level reflecting desaturase activity under physiological conditions.4. Dietary HAO, rich in 18:1 isomers, suppressed the Δ6-desaturase activity butnot the Δ5-desaturase activity. Dietary HMO, rich in 18:1, 20:1 and 22:1 isomers, reduced both Δ6- and Δ5-desaturase activities.

Effect of age and α-linolenic acid deficiency on Δ6 desaturase activity and liver lipids in rats

Lipids ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. L. Dinh ◽  
J. M. Bourre ◽  
G. Durand
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Desaturase Activity ◽  
Liver Lipids ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Δ6 Desaturase

scholarly journals Production of Dihomo-γ-Linolenic Acid by a Δ5-Desaturase-Defective Mutant of Mortierella alpina 1S-4

1992 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 2196-2200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeree Jareonkitmongkol ◽  
Hiroshi Kawashima ◽  
Norifumi Shirasaka ◽  
Sakayu Shimizu ◽  
Hideaki Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Mortierella Alpina ◽  
Δ5 Desaturase ◽  
Defective Mutant

scholarly journals Microbial production of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid by Δ5-desaturase gene-disruptants of Mortierella alpina 1S-4

2016 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kikukawa ◽  
Eiji Sakuradani ◽  
Akinori Ando ◽  
Tomoyo Okuda ◽  
Sakayu Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Mortierella Alpina ◽  
Microbial Production ◽  
Desaturase Gene ◽  
Δ5 Desaturase

Industrial production of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid by a Δ5 desaturase-defective mutant ofMortierella alpina1S-4 Fungus

2000 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kawashima ◽  
Kengo Akimoto ◽  
Kenichi Higashiyama ◽  
Shigeaki Fujikawa ◽  
Sakayu Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Δ5 Desaturase ◽  
Defective Mutant

scholarly journals Biokonversi CPO dengan desaturase amobil sistem kontinu pada skala semipilot untuk produksi minyak mengandung GLA Bioconversion of CPO using immobilized desaturase in continuous system at semipilot scale to produce oil containing GLA

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
. SUHARYANTO ◽  
. TRI-PANJI ◽  
M Irfani ABDULLAH ◽  
Khaswar SYAMSU
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Desaturase Activity ◽  
Enzyme Stability ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Continuous System ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Absidia Corymbifera ◽  
Optimum Flow Rate ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

Summary Gamma linolenic acid (GLA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid having high economic value as healthy oil. Research at laboratory scale showed that Absidia corymbifera and Rhizopus sp. fungi have the ability to increase unsaturation level of crude palm oil (CPO) and GLA formation through enzymatic bioconversion.  Stability of desatu-rase enzyme, especially ∆6 and ∆12 having significant role in this process could be enhanced by applying immobilization technique. The current research objective was to determine optimum process of CPO bio-conversion using immobilized desaturase enzyme using continuous system at semipilot scale to produce CPO containing GLA.  Crude  desaturase enzyme of A. corymbifera biomass was immobilized with zeolite particles and used for optimization of CPO bioconversion in continuous system at semipilot scale (15,000 mL per day). Optimization of bio-conversion conditions included flow rate of substrate, size of zeolite for immobilization, and enzyme stability during process.  The result showed that desaturase immobilized in small size particles of zeolite (1-3 mm) gave higher increase unsaturation level with average desaturase activity of 7.84 U, compared to that immobilized in larger zeolite  particles (8-10 mm), which reached average desaturase activity of 4.67 U.  However, the use of small zeolite particles often caused plugging substrate flow. The activity of immobilized desaturase in continuous  system was stable for 9-18 hours. Optimum flow rate of substrate using small zeolite particles (1-3 mm) was  850 mL/min, while that of using larger zeolite particles (8-10 mm) was 875 mL/min.  The bioconversion of CPO at optimum condition yielding 1.58% (w/w) GLA from initial concentration of linolenic acid 0.29%. RingkasanAsam γ-linolenat (GLA) merupakan asam lemak takjenuh majemuk yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi sebagai minyak kesehatan. Penelitian pada skala laboratorium me-nunjukkan bahwa Absidia corymbifera dan Rhizopus sp. memiliki kemampuan untuk me-ningkatkan ketidak-jenuhan minyak sawit mentah (CPO) dan menghasilkan GLA melalui biokonversi enzimatis. Stabilitas enzim desaturase, khususnya ∆6 dan ∆12yang berperan pada proses ini dapat ditingkatkan antara lain melalui teknik amobilisasi. Penelitian lanjutan ini bertujuan menetapkan kondisi optimum biokonversi CPO untuk menghasilkan minyak yang kaya akan asam lemak takjenuh majemuk, khususnya GLA menggunakan enzim desaturase amobil sistem kontinu pada skala semipilot.  Ekstrak kasar enzim desaturase asal biomassa fungi             A. corymbifera diamobilisasi dengan butiran zeolit dan selanjutnya digunakan untuk optimasi proses biokonversi secara kontinu pada skala semipilot (15.000 mL per hari). Optimasi proses kontinu meliputi laju alir substrat, ukuran butiran zeolit, dan stabilitas enzim selama proses. Hasil penelitian menun-jukkan bahwa desaturase yang diamobilisasi pada zeolit berukuran kecil (1-3 mm) memberikan peningkatan ketidakjenuhan yang lebih tinggi dengan aktivitas rata-rata 7,84 U, dibandingkan dengan yang diamobilisasi pada zeolit berukuran besar (8-10 mm) dengan aktivitas rata-rata 4,67 U. Namun, penggunaan zeolit berukuran kecil sering menimbulkan sumbatan aliran substrat. Aktivitas desaturase amobil pada proses kontinu dapat bertahan selama 9-18 jam. Laju alir optimum substrat pada penggunaan zeolit berukuran kecil (1-3 mm) adalah 850 mL/menit, sedangkan pada penggunaan zeolit besar (8-10 mm) adalah 875 mL/menit. Biokonversi CPO pada kondisi optimum menghasilkan GLA 1,58% (b/b) dari kandungan asam linolenat awal 0,29%tration of linolenic acid 0.29%.

1983-P: Dihomo-Gamma-Linolenic Acid and Estimated Delta-5-Desaturase Activity Are Associated with Obesity and Metabolic Components in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1983-P
Author(s):  
MANABU SAITO ◽  
MARIKO HIGA ◽  
TAKAYUKI SUZUKI ◽  
MOE MICHISHITA ◽  
MAI HIJIKATA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Desaturase Activity ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Gamma Linolenic Acid ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Delta 5 Desaturase ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic
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