The B-vitamin group and the activity of hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidases of the growing Wistar rat

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Miltenberger ◽  
U. Oltersdorf
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Microsomal Enzymes ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidases ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
Hepatic Microsomal Enzymes

1. Male Wistar rats were given isoenergetic, semi-synthetic diets deficient in thiamin, riboflavin, pyrid-oxine or all the B-vitamins.2. In rats given these deficient diets the ‘sleeping time’ induced with pentobarbital (PB) and the ‘paralysis time’ with zoxazolamine (Zz) were prolonged.3. The tolerance effect against both drugs was nearly independent of the levels of B-vitamins in the diets.4. In preparations from vitamin-B deficient animals the activities of the following hepatic microsomal enzymes were reduced: the aliphatic hydroxylase of PB, the aromatic hydroxylases of aniline (EC 1.14.14.1) and of Zz, the N-demethylase of aminopyrine, the UDP glucuronyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17) of p-nitrophenol. The reactions most influenced were those of ‘type-1’ substrates, particularly those involving the hydroxylases.5. The effects observed were caused mainly by deficiency of riboflavin and to a lesser extent of thiamin or pyridoxine.

scholarly journals Histologi Lumen Dan Endotelium Arteri Dorsal Penis Tikus Wistar (Rattus Novergicus) Yang Diinduksi Pakan Tinggi Lemak

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
I Wayan Rosiana ◽  
I Gede Widhiantara
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Lumen Diameter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Arterial Lumen ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Difference

This study aims to look at the histopathological picture of the dorsal arteries of the penis of the hiperlipidemic wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) induction by high-fat diet that seen in terms of lumen diameter and thickness of the arterial endotelium wall. Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for ateriosclerosis in the penile arteries causing erectile dysfunction in men. This study is an experimental study with a randomized posttest only control goup design. The sample are  10 individuals adult male wistar rats aged 3-4 months with a range of body weight 150-200 grams. Before treatment, adaptation was carried out for 7 days. After that the sample rats in the treatment group were made hyperlidemic by feeding lard for 50 days. Then surgery is performed for histopathological preparations at the posttest. To determine the differences in endotelium thickness and arterial lumen diameter in the two groups, an independent t-test was used. Thick diameter data of the endotelium and dorsal arteries of the penis of the wistar rat between the lower treatment group and the control group. The difference that occurred was statistically significant (p <0.05). So it can be concluded that the provision of high-fat diet (hyperlipidemia) decreases the lumen diameter and endotelium thickness of dorsal arteries penis. Keywords: Dorsal arteries, high-fat diet, Wistar rats

scholarly journals Cell proliferation and apoptosis in Wistar rat kidney after renal mass ablation and low-dose irradiation

Medicina ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Marina Aunapuu ◽  
Andres Arend ◽  
Mai Ots ◽  
Mara Pilmane
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dose Irradiation ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Distal Tubules

Cell proliferation and apoptosis in the remnant rat kidney after treatment with lowdose irradiation was investigated. Material and methods. In the first group (n=9), adult male Wistar rats underwent 5/6 nephrectomy (NPX); in the second group (n=9), NPX was combined with low-dose irradiation. Rats without surgery and irradiation formed the control group (n=9). Results. Hypertension and proteinuria induced by NPX were decreased by 3-Gy irradiation. The 5/6 NPX rats showed a dramatic increase in proliferating and apoptotic cells in the glomeruli and in the distal tubules at week 2, which was significantly decreased by low-dose irradiation. Conclusion. The data demonstrate that low-dose irradiation is a factor slowing the process of chronic renal injury.

Effects of the forage to concentrate ratio on B-vitamin concentrations in different ruminal fractions of dairy cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Santschi ◽  
J. Chiquette ◽  
R. Berthiaume ◽  
R. Martineau ◽  
J. J. Matte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Liquid Portion ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Surrounding Fluid

Two studies were undertaken to verify the effect of the forage to concentrate ratio of the diet on B-vitamin concentrations in ruminal contents. In Study 1, eight primiparous and eight multiparous cows were used in a cross-over design, and concentrations of biotin, folates and vitamin B12 were determined in ruminal fluid and plasma of cows fed a high-forage (HF; 58:42 forage to concentrate ratio; DM basis) or a low-forage (LF; 37:63 forage to concentrate ratio; DM basis) diet. In Study 2, six ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a cross-over design to evaluate the effects of forage to concentrate ratio (HF = 60:40; LF = 40:60; DM basis) on concentrations of seven B-vitamins in the particle-free fluid and in both liquid- and solid-associated bacteria. Results showed that B-vitamins were present mainly in the bacterial fractions of the ruminal content, while only limited amounts were found in the surrounding fluid. A change in the forage to concentrate ratio had a greater effect on vitamin concentration in the bacteria associated with the solid fraction than in those present in the liquid portion of the rumen. The most noticeable effects of a low forage diet were an increase in riboflavin, but a decrease in true vitamin B12 concentrations in solid-associated bacteria as well as a decrease in biotin concentration in particle-free fluid. In conclusion, it appears that ruminal B-vitamin concentration is altered by changes in the forage to concentrate ratio, which suggests that the supply of vitamins to dairy cows is influenced by diet composition. Key words: B-vitamins, dairy cow, ruminal fractions, forage to concentrate ratio

scholarly journals Folate and vitamin B12concentrations are associated with plasma DHA and EPA fatty acids in European adolescents: the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Iglesia ◽  
I. Huybrechts ◽  
M. González-Gross ◽  
T. Mouratidou ◽  
J. Santabárbara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Total Homocysteine ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
Helena Study

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the association between vitamin B6, folate and vitamin B12biomarkers and plasma fatty acids in European adolescents. A subsample from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study with valid data on B-vitamins and fatty acid blood parameters, and all the other covariates used in the analyses such as BMI, Diet Quality Index, education of the mother and physical activity assessed by a questionnaire, was selected resulting in 674 cases (43 % males). B-vitamin biomarkers were measured by chromatography and immunoassay and fatty acids by enzymatic analyses. Linear mixed models elucidated the association between B-vitamins and fatty acid blood parameters (changes in fatty acid profiles according to change in 10 units of vitamin B biomarkers). DHA, EPA) andn-3 fatty acids showed positive associations with B-vitamin biomarkers, mainly with those corresponding to folate and vitamin B12. Contrarily, negative associations were found withn-6:n-3 ratio,trans-fatty acids and oleic:stearic ratio. With total homocysteine (tHcy), all the associations found with these parameters were opposite (for instance, an increase of 10 nmol/l in red blood cell folate or holotranscobalamin in females produces an increase of 15·85 µmol/l of EPA (Pvalue <0·01), whereas an increase of 10 nmol/l of tHcy in males produces a decrease of 2·06 µmol/l of DHA (Pvalue <0·05). Positive associations between B-vitamins and specific fatty acids might suggest underlying mechanisms between B-vitamins and CVD and it is worth the attention of public health policies.

scholarly journals Fructose-Drinking Water Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Ultrastructural Alteration of Hepatocyte Mitochondria in Male Wistar Rat

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norshalizah Mamikutty ◽  
Zar Chi Thent ◽  
Farihah Haji Suhaimi
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background.Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the complications of the metabolic syndrome. It encompasses a wide range of disease spectrum from simple steatosis to liver cirrhosis. Structural alteration of hepatic mitochondria might be involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.Aims.In the present study, we used a newly established model of fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in male Wistar rats in order to investigate the ultrastructural changes in hepatic mitochondria that occur with fructose consumption and their association with NAFLD pathogenesis.Methods.The concentration of fructose-drinking water (FDW) used in this study was 20%. Six male Wistar rats were supplemented with FDW 20% for eight weeks. Body composition and metabolic parameters were measured before and after 8 weeks of FDW 20%. Histomorphology of the liver was evaluated and ultrastructural changes of mitochondria were assessed with transmission electron micrograph.Results.After 8 weeks of fructose consumption, the animals developed several features of the metabolic syndrome. Moreover, fructose consumption led to the development of macrovesicular hepatic steatosis and mitochondrial ultrastructural changes, such as increase in mitochondrial size, disruption of the cristae, and reduction of matrix density.Conclusion.We conclude that in male Wistar rat 8-week consumption of FDW 20% leads to NAFLD likely via mitochondrial structural alteration.

scholarly journals PENGAMATAN AKTIVITAS TIKUS WISTAR JANTAN DENGAN ALAT OPTO- VARIMEX® PADA KONDISI DIET TINGGI MINYAK TRANS

Jurnal BIOMA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
NURUL MASYITA ◽  
KOEKOEH SANTOSO ◽  
NASTITI KUSUMORINI ◽  
ARYANI SISMIN SATYANINGTIJAS ◽  
ATIN SUPIYANI
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trans Fat ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Track System ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Auto Track

ABSTRACT Excessive energi consumption of high-fat diet increase the body’s adipose tissue which also affect the increased secretion of leptin, this is because leptin secretion is proportional to the mass of adipose tissue. Leptin activates the lateral hypothalamus as the center of hunger and feeding activity. The aim of this study was to obtain the relationship between high trans fat feeding on male Wistar rats and feeding activity. This method uses male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) as an animal model. Sixteen rats were grouped into 4 treatment groups. The first group was given additional feed 20% trans fat, the second group was given additional feed 40% trans fat, a third group was given additional feed 60% trans fat, and the last as a control group. This feed was given once a day for 70 days. Observation of activities perform using Opto-varimex® auto-track system ver. 4.31. The results showed an corellation between activity based doses of trans fat. Keywords: Opto-varimex®, Trans fat, Activity, Wistar rat.

scholarly journals Vitamin B-6 Intake Is Modestly Associated with Arsenic Methylation in Uruguayan Children with Low-Level Arsenic Exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 1223-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gauri Desai ◽  
Marie Vahter ◽  
Elena I Queirolo ◽  
Fabiana Peregalli ◽  
Nelly Mañay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Urinary Arsenic ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
Vitamin B 12 ◽  
B Vitamin

ABSTRACT Background Detoxification of inorganic arsenic (iAs) occurs when it methylates to form monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Lower proportions of urinary iAs and MMA, and higher proportions of DMA indicate efficient methylation. The role of B-vitamins in iAs methylation in children with low-level arsenic exposure is understudied. Objectives Our study objective was to assess the association between B-vitamin intake and iAs methylation in children with low-level arsenic exposure (&lt;50 µg/L in water; urinary arsenic 5–50 µg/L). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in 290 ∼7-y-old children in Montevideo. Intake of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 was calculated by averaging 2 nonconsecutive 24-h recalls. Total urinary arsenic concentration was measured as the sum of urinary iAs, MMA, and DMA, and adjusted for urinary specific gravity; iAs methylation was measured as urinary percentage As, percentage MMA, and percentage DMA. Arsenic concentrations from household water sources were assessed. Linear regressions tested the relationships between individual energy-adjusted B-vitamins and iAs methylation. Results Median (range) arsenic concentrations in urine and water were 9.9 (2.2–48.7) and 0.45 (0.1–18.9) µg/L, respectively. The median (range) of urinary percentage iAs, percentage MMA, and percentage DMA was 10.6% (0.0–33.8), 9.7% (2.6–24.8), and 79.1% (58.5–95.4), respectively. The median (range) intake levels of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin B-6 were 0.81 (0.19–2.56), 1.0 (0.30–2.24), 8.6 (3.5–23.3), and 0.67 (0.25–1.73) mg/1000 kcal, respectively, whereas those of folate and vitamin B-12 were 216 (75–466) and 1.7 (0.34–8.3) µg/1000 kcal, respectively. Vitamin B-6 intake was inversely associated with urinary percentage MMA (β = −1.60; 95% CI: −3.07, −0.15). No other statistically significant associations were observed. Conclusions Although vitamin B-6 intake was inversely associated with urinary percentage MMA, our findings suggest limited support for a relation between B-vitamin intake and iAs methylation in children exposed to low-level arsenic.

Role of methyl group vitamins in hypothalamic development of food intake regulation in Wistar rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 844-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara E. Cho
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Epigenetic Effects ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Hypothalamic Regulation ◽  
Intake Regulation

High multivitamin diets (HV; 10-fold AIN-93G) fed during pregnancy to Wistar rats produce offspring with increased food intake, obesity, and characteristics of metabolic syndrome. The hypothesis that methyl group vitamins in HV gestational and pup diets modify expression of the obesogenic phenotypes in the offspring through their effects on hypothalamic feeding pathways was tested by 4 studies. In studies 1 and 2, dams were fed the AIN-93G diet with recommended vitamin (RV), HV, high methyl vitamins (10-fold folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin B6) (HMethyl), or HV with normal folate (HVNF) and male offspring were weaned to a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. In studies 3 and 4, dams were fed RV, HV, or high 10-fold folate (HFol), and male offspring were weaned to RV, HV, or HFol diets for 29 weeks. The results were as follows: (i) HV and HMethyl diets increased obesogenic phenotypes and altered hypothalamic regulation of food intake and metabolism concurrent with epigenetic effects on gene expression. (ii) Removing folate additions to the HV diet showed that folate contributes to the obesogenic phenotype in the offspring and epigenetic alterations in the hypothalamus that favour increased food intake. (iii) Matching pup diet vitamin content with that of the HV and HFol diet-fed dams prevented their increased food intake, body weight, and insulin resistance when weaned to the RV diet. (iv) Both HFol gestational and pup diets altered hypothalamic feeding pathways through DNA methylation, showing that epigenetic effects of these vitamins occur not only in utero but also postnatally. In conclusion, methyl group vitamins in HV gestational and pup diets modify expression of the obesogenic phenotypes and hypothalamic food intake regulatory systems in the Wistar rat offspring.

scholarly journals To compare the blood pressure and heart rate during course of various types of anesthesia in wistar rat: A novel experiences

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
Jagdish Narayan ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Ankit Gupta ◽  
Sunita Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
The Awakening ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Thiopental Sodium

Background: Rats are commonly used animals in development of newer drugs, rectification of toxicity and to record the various alterations in physiological parameters following pharmacological and non pharmacological interventions.Aim and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the best physiological window during anesthesia. Therefore, we compared the effect of anesthesia using combination of ketamine and xylazine (KX) and thiopental sodium (intraperitoneally) on blood pressure and heart rate in adult male Wistar rats. Material and Methods: Twelve, male Wistar rats with a mean body weight of 260 ± 15 g were acquired. Thiopental sodium and cocktail of ketamine and xylazine (KX) were administered (ip) in group- I and group-II respectively. The systolic blood pressure and heart rate was recorded in both the groups till the awakening phase.Results: We found that there was a constant SBP and HR in Ketamine/Xylezine groups that are from 30 to 90 minutes after injection of anesthesia while this window was not observed in thiopental group.Conclusion: Our study concludes that the best time to observe the effect of newer drug during period between 30- 90 minutes after anesthesia.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(6) 2018 37-39

scholarly journals B-vitamins and prevention of dementia

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Principal Investigators ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
B Vitamin

Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations have been implicated with risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, but it is unclear whether low vitamin B12 or folate status is responsible for cognitive decline. Most studies reporting associations between cognitive function and Hcy or B-vitamins have used a cross-sectional or case–control design and have been unable to exclude the possibility that such associations are a result of the disease rather than being causal. The Hcy hypothesis of dementia has attracted considerable interest, as Hcy can be easily lowered by folic acid and vitamin B12, raising the prospect that B-vitamin supplementation could lower the risk of dementia. While some trials assessing effects on cognitive function have used folic acid alone, vitamin B12 alone or a combination, few trials have included a sufficient number of participants to provide reliable evidence. An individual-patient-data meta-analysis of all randomised trials of the effects on cognitive function and vascular risk of lowering Hcy with B-vitamins will maximise the power to assess the epidemiologically-predicted differences in risk. Among the twelve large randomised Hcy-lowering trials for prevention of vascular disease, data should be available on about 30 000 participants with cognitive function. The principal investigators of such trials have agreed to combine individual-participant data from their trials after their separate publication.

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