scholarly journals Rate of passage of digesta in sheep

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Grovum ◽  
V. J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

1. Three groups of sheep receiving 400, 800 and 1200 g lucerne chaff/d in equal hourly meals were killed. The large intestines were removed and divided into segments 15 cm long to provide information on the amounts and dry-matter contents of digesta and on the rates of passage of digesta and absorption of water along the large intestine.2. With increasing intakes of food, increases were observed along the entire large intestine in the amounts of wet digesta present, in the transit rates of digesta and in the rates of absorption of water. The mean retention time of digesta in the large intestine decreased with increasing food intake, being 1737, 1056 and 692 min respectively.3. Four patterns of sodium and potassium concentrations in digesta water along the large intestine were found.

The effects of pregnancy of the passage of food through the digestive tract of sheep

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham N McC ◽  
AJ Williams
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Food Residues ◽  
Four Levels

The rate of passage of food residues through the digestive tract of pregnant and non-pregnant Merino ewes was measured at four levels of feeding. The passage of digesta became more rapid as the level of feeding was increased, or, the intake being constant, as pregnancy advanced. The mean retention time fell by 3 hr per 100 g increase of food intake, and by 1 to 1½ hr per 100 g increase of estimated weight of concepta at constant intake. The digesta increased by about 150 g dry matter (depending on level of feeding) per 100 g increase of daily food intake and fell by about 150 g per 1000 g increase of estimated weight of concepta. Two alternative explanations of the changes of rate of passage during pregnancy are discussed. While reduction of the quantity of digesta by the increasing bulk of the uterus would tend to curtail appetite, increase of the flow of digesta as a physiological side-effect of pregnancy would tend to enhance appetite. In either case, more rapid passage of digesta would depress the digestibility of some rations and so contribute to undernutrition in late pregnancy.

The rate of passage of food through the alimentary tract of pigs

1956 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Castle ◽  
M. E. Castle
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fattening Pigs

A method for measuring the rate of passage of meal through the alimentary tract of pigs by feeding a stained marker is described. The results are given of sixty-four experiments made under standardized conditions on four fattening pigs with live weights ranging from 49·9 to 185·5 lb. and six experiments on a sow weighing 500 lb.Results were expressed by means of excretion curves. These were sigmoid in shape and from them a value termed R, the mean retention time (hr.) of all the stained particles in the alimentary tract, directly proportional to the area to the left of the curve, was calculated.In the fattening piga the first appearance of the marker in the faeces occurred 10–24 hr. after feeding, and the mean 5 and 95% excretion times were 21 and 53 hr. respectively. The marker was completely excreted after approximately 80–90 hr. The R value averaged 34·2 hr.A marker fed at the morning feed (9 a.m.) had earlier 5 and 95% excretion times and the R value was significantly smaller.There was no statistically significant relationship between the R values and live weight, digestibility of the dry matter of the ration or the dry-matter content of the faeces.In the sow the 5 and 95% excretion times were 38 and 68 hr. respectively, and the R value averaged 51·1 hr.Counts of stained particles in the intestines of two of the pigs after slaughter showed that food was delayed mainly in the large intestine.

scholarly journals The effects of nematode parasitism on the rate of passage of food residues through the alimentary tract of sheep

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Bawden
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
General Decrease ◽  
Oesophagostomum Columbianum ◽  
Nematode Parasitism ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Food Residues

1. The mean retention time of stained food residues was longer in sheep maintained on a chopped straw ration than in sheep maintained on a chopped lucerne ration.2. Infection of sheep with 1500 infective Oesophagostomum columbianum juveniles was associated with increased mean retention times.3. The extent to which the mean retention times were increased was associated with the diet and mode of infection of the sheep.4. It was noted that an increase in mean retention time following infection was associated with a general decrease in food intake per kg live eight0.75.5. The results are discussed in relation to the pathogenesis and survival of O.columbianum infections in sheep.

Effect of level of feeding a mixed ration of whole wheat grain and hay on the digestion of wheat grain by steers

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (90) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Toland
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ingestion Rate ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
The Mean

The apparent digestibility of whole grain, proportion of grain voided in the faeces, retention time of whole grain and the rate of ingestion of the ration was measured for a mixed ration of 2/3 $whole wheat and 1/3 hay fed at 1 1/2 per cent and 3 per cent of mean liveweight to eight yearling steers in a cross-over design. Halving the level of intake of 3 per cent of the liveweight was accompanied by an increase in digestibility of grain dry matter from 53.8 to 68.3 per cent, a decrease in the proportion of grain voided from 31.6 to 19.6 per cent, a lengthening of the mean retention time from 31.9 to 52.3 hours and a reduction in the ingestion rate of the ration from 0.24 to 0.21 kg minute-1.

scholarly journals Motor activity in the large intestine of the pig related to dietary fibre and retention time

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fioramonti ◽  
L. Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Large Intestine ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Milk Diet ◽  
Recording Time ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Milk Substitute ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spike Bursts

1. Large intestine electromyograms were recorded from four pigs receiving successively three diets containing different amounts of fibre (standard cereal diet, milk substitute and milk plus 170 g bran/kg). For each diet the mean retention time of a marker added to one meal was determined. Three occurrences of spontaneous constipation were also studied.2. Slow waves were observed in the colon only during 10% of the recording time at a frequency of 10.3 ± 1.1/min. Two kinds of spiking activity were recorded on the colon: short spike bursts of 0.5–2 s duration and long spike bursts of approximately 7 s duration. Long spike bursts alone were recorded on the caecum.3. The mean retention time of the marker was 40 h on the standard diet, 120 h on the milk-substitute diet, and 66 h on the milk plus bran diet.4. On the standard diet, approximately 1500 colonic long spike bursts were recorded daily and short spike bursts occupied 15% of the recording time. On the milk diet, the number of long spike bursts decreased significantly (P < 0.01) to 500/d and the short spike bursts increased significantly (P < 0.05) to take up to 21% of the time. Intermediate values (1100/d and 19%) were observed when bran was added to the milk diet. The lowest values for long spike bursts (300/d) and highest values for short spike bursts (44% of the time) were observed in constipation.5. It is concluded that long spike bursts are associated with propulsion of intestinal contents and that short spike bursts are non-propulsive.

Further studies of the rate of passage of food through the alimentary tract of pigs

1957 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Castle ◽  
M. E. Castle
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sigmoid Shape

1. Four replicated experiments were made to determine the rate of passage of meal through the alimentary tract of pigs on different feeding treatments. In each experiment stained meal was used and the results were expressed by means of excretion curves. From these, mean retention times (R values) were calculated. All the curves were of a similar sigmoid shape.2. A significant inverse relationship was found between the mean retention time and the total weight (meal plus water) of the ration. This relationship was found when (a) the weight of meal was constant and the weight of water was varied, (b) the weight of water was constant and the weight of meal was varied, and (c) the total combined weight of meal and water (at the same ratio) was varied.3. The digestibility of the dry matter and crudec protein in Exps. 1–3 was not altered greatly as a result of the different feeding treatments.4. In Exp. 4, similar rates of passage were found in pigs fed on the two rations of widely different digestibilities.5. The dry-matter content of the faeces of the pigs was remarkably constant over a wide range of water and food intakes when using the same meal.

scholarly journals The effect of indigestible particles on digestive transit time and colonic motility in dogs and pigs

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. Cherbut ◽  
Y. Ruckebusch
Keyword(s):  
Transit Time ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Colonic Motility ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spike Bursts

1. The myoelectric activity of the colon was examined in three dogs and three pigs when they were given a basal diet or a basal diet plus indigestible particles (IP), 2 mm in diameter, at 100 g/kg dry matter. The mean retention time was determined using coloured discs as a marker added to the daily meal.2. Colonic electromyograms of dogs and pigs given IP revealed a 30% reduction in the number of long spike bursts (LSB) when compared with controls. The other components, propulsive migrating spike bursts (MSB) or non-propulsive short spike bursts (SSB), were unchanged. Mean retention time was decreased from 28.6 h to 17.6 h in dogs and from 129 h to 94.2 h in pigs.3. These changes developed progressively during 3–4 d in both species, suggesting that the reduction in motor activity was an adaptation to the changes in bulk contents.4. From the decreased motility of the colon linked to the reduction of LSB and paralleled by an increased transit time, it was concluded that one of the functions of the LSB is to impede the passage of digesta.

scholarly journals On the influence of diet on the retention time of food in the digestive tract of cows

1960 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Aarne Mäkelä ◽  
Liisa Liakka
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Retarding Effect ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Matter Basis

The retention times of dry matter and its constituents in the digestive tract of cows on hay+sugar beet pulp (5 cows) and cows fed on hay+swedes (8 cows) are compared with the retention times pertaining to cows fed on hay+concentrate or hay only. The following conclusions were reached; On a hay+sugar beet pulp diet the mean retention time of dry matter in the reticulo-rumen, and the retention times of lignin in the reticulo-rumen, in the whole digestive tract, and in the digestive tract following the reticulo-rumen are of the same magnitude as the corresponding retention times on a hay+concentrate diet (figs. 1, 2, 5, and 6). The mean retention time of membrane substances in the reticulo-rumen seems to be shorter and that of valuable N-free nutrients in the reticulo-rumen longer than the corresponding retention times on a hay+concentrate diet (figs. 3 and 4). On a hay+swede diet the mean retention times of dry matter and membrane substances in the reticulo-rumen are of the same magnitude as on a hay+concentrate diet (figs. 1 and 3). The mean retention time of valuable N-free nutrients in the reticulo-rumen and, in abundant feeding, the retention times of lignin in the reticulo-rumen, in the whole digestive tract, and especially in the digestive tract following the reticulo-rumen are shorter than on the hay+concentrate diet (figs. 2, 4, 5, and 6). On the hay+sugar beet pulp and the hay+swede diets the retention times are in general of the same magnitude. However, the retention time of membrane substances in the reticulo-rumen is shorter and that of the valuable N-free nutrients considerably longer on a hay+sugar beet pulp than on a hay+swede diet. Replacing a certain amount of hay by concentrates, sugar beet pulp or swedes on a dry matter basis seems to have no effect on the mean retention time of dry matter in the reticulo-rumen. However, a retarding effect on the rate of passage of typical hay constituents (lignin and membrane substances) and an accelerating effect on that of valuable N-free nutrients characteristic of concentrated foods was observed. The said replacing accelerates the rate of passage of lignin in the disgestive tract following the reticulo-rumen on a hay+swede diet.

Assessment of the heterogeneous ruminal fiber pool and development of a mathematical approach for predicting the mean retention time of feeds in goats1

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 1099-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. L. Regadas Filho ◽  
L. O. Tedeschi ◽  
R. A. M. Vieira ◽  
M. T. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Mathematical Approach ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
The Mean

Digestion and retention time of stained food in sheep

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Fadlalla ◽  
R. N. B. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Brilliant Green ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Oat Husk

SummaryThe suitability of stained food and [103Ru]phenanthroline-treated food as markers for measuring dietary retention time was examined in sheep. The digestibility of oat husk, assessed by incubation of samples contained in nylon bags in the rumen, was greatly depressed by staining with brilliant green, and slightly depressed by basic fuschsin. The latter effect appeared largely to be due to boiling rather than the stain itself.When milled hay treated with both basic fuschsin and [103Ru]phenanthroline was introduced into the rumen, the mean retention time estimated with the stain was about 40% longer than that estimated with [103Ru]phenanthroline.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document