scholarly journals Folate nutrition in the kid

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Ford ◽  
G. S. Knaggs ◽  
D. N. Salter ◽  
K. J. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Protein Complex ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Milk Secretion ◽  
Folate Binding Protein ◽  
Folate Concentration ◽  
Trapping Mechanism ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
A Minor

1. A study was made on the folate content of goat's milk in relation to stage of lactation, and on the interrelationship between blood and milk folate concentrations in the dam and in the kid.2. In seven goats the folate concentration in the colostrum at parturition ranged from 136 to 300 ng/ml, and averaged 205 ng/ml. The concentration fell sharply during the early days of lactation and by day 14 it averaged only 9.5 ng/ml. This pattern of rapid decline in milk folate concentration with advancing lactation was little affected by daily provision of folic acid parenterally in relatively large amounts.3. The colostrum and milk contained a minor whey protein that combined strongly with folate, and presumably acts as a trapping mechanism to accumulate the vitamin from the plasma into the milk. The milk folate concentration determined by the rate of milk secretion in relation to the availability of free folate in the blood plasma.4. At parturition the plasma folate concentration in the kids was very low – about 1 ng/ml – but by day 2 it had increased to about 28 ng/ml. This folate was protein-bound and accompanied by an excess of free binder protein. It appeared that the folate-protein complex from the colostrums was transmitted intact into the kids' blood circulation.5. The possible importance of the folate-binding protein in regulation of folate metabolism is discussed.

Reticulocyte Folate Concentration: A Tool To Monitor Immediate Folate Availability

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 4655-4655
Author(s):  
Peter J. Miller ◽  
Elizabeth B. Agnew ◽  
Mary Ann Knovich ◽  
Andrew M. Farland ◽  
Johanna Waldron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Magnetic Beads ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Megaloblastic Anemia ◽  
Folate Deficiency ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Folate Binding Protein ◽  
Folate Concentration

The utilization of folic acid during erythropoiesis is widely known and accepted in medical literature and deficiency is known to cause a characteristic megaloblastic anemia resulting from the inhibition or ineffective synthesis of DNA. Although the resultant megaloblastic anemia may take considerable time before evidence or symptoms present, there are more acute changes visualized on peripheral smear that are representative of a functional folate deficiency. In addition to erythrocyte macrocytosis, hypersegmentation of neutrophils can also be seen. Often times, despite these visualized changes measurement of serum folate and/or total red cell folate yields a result within the accepted “normal” range of the assay. It has been demonstrated that these visualized characteristics represent a functional folate deficiency and can be overcome with folic acid supplementation regardless of the measured folic acid levels indicating a yet to be understood mechanism of folate utilization. Here, we sought to measure the folic acid levels in the earliest erythrocyte progenitors in peripheral circulation, the reticulocytes. Methods Reticulocytes were isolated using anti-CD71 (the transferrin receptor) coated magnetic beads. After separation, a sample slide was made utilizing methylene blue for visual confirmation of reticulocyte isolation. The reticulocytes were then lysed with citric acid and a Nanodrop-1000 spectrophotometer was used to determine absorbance at 413 nanometers. This absorbance was used to determine the sample hemoglobin concentration from a simple calibration curve. The sample folic acid level was then determined using the lysing method utilizing mouse monoclonal anti-folate binding protein, paramagnetic particles coated in anti-mouse IgG, human serum albumin and milk folate binding protein. Results were calculated as nanogram of folate per gram of hemoglobin. Results Twenty-five samples from normal individuals, not taking folate supplements, were analyzed. The range of results was 2.51 to 17.38 with a mean level of 9.61. Conclusion This protocol effectively and efficiently allows for isolation of reticulocytes in numbers high enough for measurement of folate in nanogram per gram of hemoglobin. By this method we show the normal reticulocyte folate level to be approximately 3-15 ng/g of Hgb. This figure is consistent with the normal red cell folate concentration. Further analysis is planned for comparing these results in patients with a suspected functional folate deficiency but “normal” red cell folate levels. Efficient isolation of reticulocytes and measurement of folate levels will allow us to probe the underlying cause of acute folate deficiency seen in very sick patients. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals AN INVESTIGATION OF THE FOLIC ACID-PROTEIN COMPLEX IN YEAST

1950 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 367-384
Author(s):  
V.G. Allfrey ◽  
C.G. King
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Protein Complex ◽  
Acid Protein

Renal folate absorption and the kidney folate binding protein. II. Microinfusion studies

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (4) ◽  
pp. F757-F760 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Selhub ◽  
S. Nakamura ◽  
F. A. Carone
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Folate Binding Protein ◽  
Acid Absorption ◽  
Folic Acid Absorption

Surface proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) in rats were microinfused in situ with [3H]folic acid to study the role of folate binding protein (FBP) in the kidney brush-border membrane for renal conservation and transport of folate [3H]folic acid absorption was linearly related to tubular length of PCT and occurred largely in this segment of the tubule. Unlabeled folate derivatives inhibited [3H]folic acid absorption, the extent of which was dependent on the type of unlabeled folate used and its concentration. At equivalent concentrations, inhibition was most effective with unlabeled folic acid, slightly lower than with 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and least effective with methotrexate. Comparisons between [3H]folic acid absorption before and after infusion of a saturating dose of unlabeled folic acid or repetitive injections of [3H]folic acid into the same tubular site revealed continuous and rapid regeneration of unsaturated folic acid uptake sites with an apparent half-life of 28.75 +/- 8.75 s. Determination of [3H] retained in the tubule at various periods after microinfusion of [3H]folic acid revealed slow cellular disappearance with an apparent half-life of 47.3 +/- 5.4 min. It is proposed that the brush-border FBP functions as a receptor of infused folic acid and that following the binding of the ligand the folic acid/FBP complex undergoes a rapid change that results in the internalization of folic acid and regeneration of unsaturated binding sites at the membrane surface. Internalized folic acid is slowly released into renal capillaries.

Cognitive Imaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaliy L. Rayz ◽  
David Saloner ◽  
Julia M. Rayz ◽  
Victor Raskin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Image Artifacts ◽  
Cognitive Computing ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
Imaging Analysis ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Computing Technology ◽  
Circulation Modeling ◽  
A Minor

This article, an extended version of ICCI*CC-2017 paper, co-authored by biomedical engineers specializing in brain blood circulation modeling and by experts in meaning-based NLP. This article suggests a cognitive computing technology for medical imaging analysis that removes image artifacts resulting in visual deviations from reality, such as discontinuous blood vessels or two vessels shown merged when they are not. It is implemented by supplying the pertinent knowledge that humans have to the computer and letting it initiate the corrective post-processing. The existing OST resource is centered on the ontology that is made to accommodate the domain with a minor adjustment effort; however, any ontology can be used, as demonstrated in this article. The examples from the ontology demonstrate the disparities between what the image shows and what the human knows. The computer detects them autonomously and can initiate the appropriate post-processing. If and when this cognitive imaging prevails, the post-processed images may replace the current ones as legitimate artifact-free MRIs.

scholarly journals Development of a Sensitive Chemiluminescence Immunoassay for the Quantification of Folic Acid in Human Serum

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Chen ◽  
Qiyang Zhou ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
ChunXin Wang ◽  
Zheng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Magnetic Beads ◽  
Megaloblastic Anemia ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Folate Binding Protein ◽  
Chemiluminescence Immunoassay

Folic acid (FA) is an important vitamin for human growth, especially for pregnant women. FA deficiency is associated with megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects, cardiovascular diseases, irritability, diarrhea, and psychiatric disorders. Normally, FA molecules bind to folate-binding protein (FBP) in the serum as complex. Before quantify the FA concentration, a releasing procedure should be conducted. Alkaline condition and tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) are used to release binding FA to freeing state. In this work, a chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) for human serum FA was established by competition model. Streptavidin (SA) was labeled to magnetic beads by an 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDAC/NHS) method. Activated biotin molecules were labeled to FBP molecules purified from milk. FA was labeled to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) by EDAC to activate the FA molecules. The pretreated samples or standards were added into the reaction tube with biotin-FBP and FA-horseradish peroxidase (HRP), FA in the sample compete with FA-HRP for binding to biotin-FBP, the signal is inversely proportional to the FA concentration. The method established shows good thermostability and performance. The limitation of detection (LOD) is 0.44 ng/mL. The intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) is 3.6%–7.1%, the interassay CV is 4.2%–7.5%, and the recovery rate is 92.1%–103.5%. Cross reactivity (CR) was remarkably low with aminopterin, folinic acid, and methotrexate. The method shows good correlation with the FA CLIA product from Beckman Coulter; the equation is y = 0.9618x−0.1434 while the R2 value is 0.9224. The established method is sensitive, rapid, and accurate which can fully satisfy for the clinical requirement.

scholarly journals Folic acid and folate binding protein in pregnancy.

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvit AREEKUL ◽  
Petcharin YAMARAT ◽  
Manit VONGYUTHITHUM
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Folate Binding Protein ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals Cytogenetic studies of early myeloid progenitor compartments in Ph1- positive chronic myeloid leukemia. II. Long-term culture reveals the persistence of Ph1-negative progenitors in treated as well as newly diagnosed patients

Blood ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1172-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
ID Dube ◽  
DK Kalousek ◽  
L Coulombel ◽  
CM Gupta ◽  
CJ Eaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Positive Population ◽  
Marrow Cultures

We recently showed that long-term marrow cultures can be used to demonstrate the presence of Philadelphia (Ph1) negative progenitors in patients with newly diagnosed Ph1-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). We now report results for 6 chronic phase patients studied 5–83 mo postdiagnosis and an additional 3 newly diagnosed patients. Marrow metaphases were exclusively Ph1-positive. Clonogenic assays revealed a minor population of Ph1-negative progenitors in 3 cases (1 treated, 2 untreated). Long-term marrow culture adherent layers contained Ph1- negative progenitors in 6 cases (3 treated, 3 untreated). Whenever this occurred, the Ph1-negative population had become the only one detectable within 3–4 wk, and this was always associated with a rapid decline of the Ph1-positive population. For 2 of the 3 cases where Ph1- negative progenitors were not detected, there was a similar rapid decline in the Ph1-positive population in culture. In the other case, Ph1-positive progenitors were maintained at levels typically seen in normal long-term marrow cultures. These results suggest that chromosomally normal stem cells may persist for a considerable period in the marrow of some, but perhaps not all, patients with CML, even in the face of maintenance chemotherapy. In addition, they provide new evidence of heterogeneity in this disease, as shown by the variable ability of Ph1-positive progenitor populations to be maintained in vitro.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Causes of Anemia in Hospitalized Patients: Impact on Diseases Outcome

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luigia Randi ◽  
Irene Bertozzi ◽  
Claudia Santarossa ◽  
Elisabetta Cosi ◽  
Fabrizio Lucente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Discharge Letter ◽  
A Minor

Anemia is extremely common in hospitalized patients who are old and often with multiple diseases. We evaluated 435 consecutive patients admitted in the internal medicine department of a hub hospital and 191 (43.9%) of them were anemic. Demographic, historic and clinical data, laboratory tests, duration of hospitalization, re-admission at 30 days and death were recorded. Patients were stratified by age (<65, 65–80, >80 years), anemia severity, and etiology of anemia. The causes of anemia were: iron deficiency in 28 patients, vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies in 6, chronic inflammatory diseases in 80, chronic kidney disease in 15, and multifactorial in 62. The severity of the clinical picture at admission was significantly worse (p < 0.001), length of hospitalization was longer (p < 0.001) and inversely correlated to the Hb concentration, re-admissions and deaths were more frequent (p 0.017) in anemic compared to non-anemic patients. A specific treatment for anemia was used in 99 patients (36.6%) (transfusions, erythropoietin, iron, vitamin B12 and/or folic acid). Anemia (and/or its treatment) was red in the discharge letter only 54 patients. Even if anemia is common, in internal medicine departments scarce attention is paid to it, as it is generally considered a “minor” problem, particularly in older patients often affected by multiple pathologies. Our data indicate the need of renewed medical attention to anemia, as it may positively affect the outcome of several concurrent medical conditions and the multidimensional loss of function in older hospitalized patients.

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