scholarly journals Calcium metabolism in pregnant ewes

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Braithwaite ◽  
R. F. Glascock ◽  
Sh. Riazuddin
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Isotope Techniques ◽  
Milk Fever ◽  
Rate Of Absorption

1. A combination of balance and isotope techniques has been used to study calcium metabolism in ten sheep at different stages of pregnancy, and the results have been combined with earlier results obtained during lactation to show the variations in Ca metabolism which occur during the whole reproductive cycle.2. Transfer of Ca to the foetuses during pregnancy and to the milk after parturition rose rapidly from the 65th day of gestation and reached a maximum at parturition or shortly afterwards.3. Although the rate of absorption of Ca from the intestine increased steadily throughout pregnancy it was insufficient to meet the full requirements of late pregnancy and early lactation. During this period, the extra Ca was supplied by increased bone resorption.4. The maternal Ca balance became negative during pregnancy, the net daily loss of Ca reaching a maximum in early lactation.5. In late lactation the maternal Ca balance became positive enabling the animals to replenish their skeletal stores.6. There was no marked change in the demands for Ca at parturition and the connexion between this observation and the pathogenesis of milk fever is discussed.7. Rates of transfer of Ca to the foetus during pregnancy are compared with estimated values of other workers.

scholarly journals Calcium metabolism in lactating ewes

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Braithwaite ◽  
R. F. Glascock ◽  
Sh. Riazuddin
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Isotope Techniques ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Low Rate

1. A combination of balance and isotope techniques has been used to study calcium metabolism at different stages of lactation in six sheep and the results have been compared with those obtained from four of the sheep 1 month after the end of lactation.2. At first the animals were in negative Ca balance but, as milk yields decreased, so the animals moved progressively into positive balance.3. Ca absorption from the gut was significantly increased throughout the whole of lactation but not sufficiently to meet the initial high demands for Ca.4. Most of the extra Ca was supplied by bone resorption which was high in early lactation and decreased to a very low value at the end.5. The rate of bone accretion remained constant throughout the period and was 1.5 times as high as in the non-lactating animals.6. In the later stages, a combination of factors, but in particular a low rate of resorption of bone, enabled the animals to replenish some of the Ca lost from the skeleton in early lactation.7. A month after the end of lactation replenishment of skeletal stores of Ca was still continuing as shown by the excess of bone accretion over bone resorption.

Metabolism of calcium and phosphorus during pregnancy and lactation in white-tailed deer

1985 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Chin Chao ◽  
Robert D. Brown ◽  
Leonard J. Deftos
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Plasma Calcium ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Abstract. The effects of pregnancy and early lactation on blood parameters were studied in 4 white-tailed does in 1981-82 and 8 in 1982-83. No year or fecundity effects (P < 0.05) were found on plasma calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (P), calcitonin (CT), parathyroid hormone (PTH), or oestradiol -17β (E2). An increase (P < 0.05) in dry matter and metabolic feed intake occurred during pregnancy and lactation. Plasma Ca tended to increase during pregnancy and peaked 5–7 weeks pre-partum, while hypocalcaemia was observed 1–2 weeks pre-partum. Elevated concentrations of plasma Ca and P were found during lactation. During the last trimester of pregnancy, plasma concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (AP), PTH, and E2 but not of CT were higher (P < 0.05) than in the other trimesters. The results indicate a physiological hyperparathyroidism in pregnant deer. Plasma concentrations of CT were higher (P <0.05) during lactation and post-weaning than during pregnancy. Increased AP and PTH during late pregnancy may be responsible for Ca absorption and mobilization, whereas elevated plasma concentrations of E2 may function to block excessive bone resorption. After parturition, lowered E2 may allow bone resorption to proceed, relatively high PTH may enhance Ca absorption and mobilization, and elevated CT may protect the skeleton against excessive bone resorption.

scholarly journals Mammary Gland Structures Are Not Affected by an Increased Growth Rate of Yearling Ewes Post-Weaning but Are Associated with Growth Rates of Singletons

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 884
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Haslin ◽  
Rene A. Corner-Thomas ◽  
Paul R. Kenyon ◽  
Adrian J. Molenaar ◽  
Stephen T. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Heavy Group

The experiment aimed to examine the impacts of an increased growth rate of ewes between three and seven months of age on udder development using ultrasound and to establish whether ultrasonography could be used to identify ewe mammary structures that may be indirect indicators of singleton growth to weaning. Udder dimensions, depths of gland cistern (GC), parenchyma (PAR) and fat pad (FP) were measured in late pregnancy (P107), early lactation (L29), and at weaning (L100) in 59 single-bearing yearling ewes selected from two treatments. The ‘heavy’ group (n = 31) was preferentially fed prior to breeding achieving an average breeding live-weight of 47.9 ± 0.38 kg at seven months of age. The ‘control’ group (n = 28) had an average breeding live-weight of 44.9 ± 0.49 kg. Udder dimensions, GC, PAR and FP did not differ between treatments. Lamb growth to L100 was positively associated (p < 0.05) with PAR at P107 and GC at L29. There was no evidence of negative effects of the live-weight gain treatments on udder development of yearling ewes as measured by ultrasonography. The results suggest that this ultrasound method has the potential to identify pregnant yearling ewes which would wean heavier singletons.

Adipose tissue progesterone concentrations in dairy cows during late pregnancy and early lactation

1996 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hamudikuwanda ◽  
G. Gallo ◽  
E. Block ◽  
B.R. Downey
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Early Lactation

scholarly journals Dietary Lipid during Late-Pregnancy and Early-Lactation to Manipulate Metabolic and Inflammatory Gene Network Expression in Dairy Cattle Liver with a Focus on PPARs

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. GRSB.S12005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haji Akbar ◽  
Eduardo Schmitt ◽  
Michael A. Ballou ◽  
Marcio N. Corrêa ◽  
Edward J. DePeters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Gene Network ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Inflammatory Gene

A Comparison of Supplementary Feeding Systems for Twin Rearing Mule Ewes during Late Pregnancy and Early Lactation

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 77-77
Author(s):  
B G Merrell ◽  
S P Marsh ◽  
B A Hedley
Keyword(s):  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Cane Molasses ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Feeding Systems

The results of a previous experiment showed that when the amount of compound feed fed to crossbred ewes during late pregnancy and early lactation was reduced, being replaced by feed-blocks, animal performance was maintained and that the cost of supplementary feeding was similar. In the same experiment, when compound was replaced totally by feed-blocks plus Scotmol® (a blend of molasses and pot ale syrup), feed costs were considerably reduced, but animal performance was not acceptable (Merrell and Marsh, 1994). In the current experiment done at ADAS Redesdale in 1994 the proportion of compound feed replaced by feed-blocks was increased compared with the previous experiment, in an attempt to reduce feed costs, and the feasibility of replacing part or all of the copmound with cane molasses and fishmeal was tested.

Food intake regulation in late pregnancy and early lactation

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 37-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Ingvartsen ◽  
N. C. Friggens ◽  
P. Faverdin
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Body Reserves ◽  
Food Intake Regulation ◽  
Periparturient Cows ◽  
Intake Regulation

AbstractThe dip in food intake, which starts in late pregnancy and continues into early lactation, has traditionally been interpreted as a depression in intake due to physical constraints. However, the rôle of physical constraints on intake has been overemphasized, particularly in early lactation. There is mounting evidence that the presence and mobilization of body reserves in early lactation play an important rôle in regulating intake at this time.Conceptually, the dip in intake in early lactation observed when cows have access to non-limiting foods can be accounted for by assuming that the cow has a desired level of body reserves. When the cow is not compromised, the changes with time in body reserves and the dip in intake represent the normal case and provide the basis against which to assess true depressions in intake which may occur when the cow is compromised by limiting nutrition or environment.The regulation of body reserves and intake in the periparturient cow is orchestrated through nervous and hormonal signals. Likely factors that are involved in intake regulation are reproductive hormones, neuropeptides, adrenergic signals, insulin and insulin resistance and leptin. Furthermore, oxidation of NEFA in the liver may result in feedback signals that reduce intake. The relative importance of these is discussed. A better understanding of the physiological signals involved in intake regulation and their interrelations with body weight regulation may provide important indicators of the degree of compromise that periparturient cows may experience.

scholarly journals Comparison of performance and metabolism from late pregnancy to early lactation in dairy cows with elevated v. normal body condition at dry-off

animal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1478-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Schuh ◽  
H. Sadri ◽  
S. Häussler ◽  
L.A. Webb ◽  
C. Urh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Normal Body

scholarly journals PSI-18 Adiponectin serum concentrations in late pregnancy and early lactation in primiparous and multiparous Holstein dairy cows.

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. 65-65
Author(s):  
C Urh ◽  
J Denißen ◽  
I Harder ◽  
C Koch ◽  
E Stamer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Late pregnancy ewe feeding and lamb performance in early life. 1. Pregnancy feeding levels and perinatal lamb mortality

1979 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Khalaf ◽  
D. L. Doxey ◽  
J. T. Baxter ◽  
W. J. M. Black ◽  
J. FitzSimons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake ◽  
Immunoglobulin Levels

ABSTRACTOne hundred and thirty-nine Scottish Half bred ewes were studied during the last 8 weeks of pregnancy, through parturition and early lactation. They were divided, on the basis of their metabolizable energy intake during this period, into low (483 MJ/ewe; L), medium (742 MJ/ewe; M) or high (974 MJ/ewe; H) feeding groups.Ewe weight change (from mating to 12 h post lambing) was directly related to nutritional level and the number of lambs born, e.g. L ewes with triplets lost a mean 13·8 kg, while H ewes with single lambs gained 14·3 kg.Lamb birth weight and perinatal lamb mortality levels were affected by ewe nutrition and litter size. L twins weighed 19% less at birth than H twins; L triplets weighed 26% less than H triplets. The mortality rate of L twins was 23% greater than M twins; L triplets exceeded the H triplet mortality rate by 87%.Ewe energy feeding during late pregnancy affected the mean daily weight gain of lambs for at least 3 weeks after birth. H single, twin and triplet lambs grew 12%, 15% and 16% faster than M lambs and 19%, 31 % and 31 % faster than L lambs respectively.The H group produced 33 % more lamb live weight at 3 weeks of age for every lamb born than did the L group.Lamb serum immunoglobulin levels were related to litter size but did not reflect the differences in ewe feeding during late pregnancy.

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