scholarly journals Chemical composition of organs of children who died from malnutrition

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. O. Alleyne ◽  
D. Halliday ◽  
J. C. Waterlow ◽  
B. L. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Whole Body Counting ◽  
The Brain

1. Chemical analysis was carried out on samples of brain, liver, skeletal muscle, heart and kidney obtained from children who died of malnutrition. Total body potassium was measured before autopsy by the ‘whole body counting’ technique.2. There was a marked increase in liver fat, and the brain contributed a higher percentage of the body-weight in the more severely malnourished children.3. All the organs had approximately the same concentrations of non-collagen nitrogen. The proportion of collagen was highest in muscle.4. All organs were depleted of potassium, but the muscle was most severely affected. Brain potassium as a percentage of total body potassium was higher than normal in the most severely potassium depleted children.5. Measurements of tissue magnesium showed that there was no difference in magnesium content of tissues when expressed in terms of non-collagen nitrogen. When compared with normal values, muscle was magnesium depleted. The potassium to magnesium ratio was lowest in muscle.

Potassium per kilogram fat-free mass and total body potassium: predictions from sex, age, and anthropometry

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (2) ◽  
pp. E416-E423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Larsson ◽  
Anna Karin Lindroos ◽  
Markku Peltonen ◽  
Lars Sjöström
Keyword(s):  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Validation Group ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Whole Body Counting

Total body potassium (TBK) is located mainly intracellularly and constitutes an index of fat-free mass (FFM). The aim was to examine whether TBK and the TBK-to-FFM ratio (TBK/FFM) can be estimated from sex, age, weight, and height. A primary study group (164 males, 205 females) and a validation group (161 and 206), aged 37–61 yr, were randomly selected from the general population. TBK was determined by whole body counting, and FFM was obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA; FFMDEXA). The primary study group was used to construct sex-specific equations predicting TBK and TBK/FFM from age, weight, and height. The equations were used to estimate TBK and TBK/FFM in the validation group. The estimates were compared with measured values. TBK in different age ranges was predicted, with errors ranging from 5.0 to 6.8%; errors for TBK/FFM ranged from 2.7 to 4.8%, respectively. By adding FFMDEXA as a fourth predictor, the error of the TBK prediction decreased by approximately two percentage units. In conclusion, TBK and TBK/FFM can be meaningfully estimated from sex, age, weight, and height.

Total Body Potassium in Children, with Particular Reference to Coeliac Disease

1975 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
K. Boddy ◽  
Priscilla C. King ◽  
F. Carswell
Keyword(s):  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Whole Body Counting

1. Total body potassium was measured, by whole-body counting, in children with coeliac disease and in children not having this disease, matched as closely as possible with respect to sex, height, weight and age. 2. The measured total body potassium in children with coeliac disease was not significantly different from that in the matched children. 3. The problems associated with such measurements, particularly those of interpretation, are considered.

scholarly journals Measurement of Absorption of Vitamin B12 by Whole-Body Gamma Spectrometry

Blood ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. REIZENSTEIN ◽  
EUGENE P. CRONKITE ◽  
S. H. COHN
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Intrinsic Factor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Radiochemical Analysis ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
Simple Measurement ◽  
Primary Advantage ◽  
Whole Body Counting ◽  
High Degree

Abstract A technic is described to measure directly the intestinal absorption of radiovitamin B12 by using a whole-body gamma spectrometer. A double tracer technic is used, and the amounts of free and intrinsic factor bound vitamin B12, respectively, retained in the body after final excretion of unabsorbed radioactivity, are measured. The results are in agreement with those previously obtained by other methods. The present method is simple and quantitative. The primary advantage of the whole-body counter for measuring absorption of Cobalt-labeled B12 is that it can measure less than 0.1 µc. with a high degree of accuracy. Whole-body counting substitutes a rapid and simple measurement for the difficult and tedious collection and radiochemical analysis of excreta.

Differences in skeletal and muscle mass with aging in black and white women

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (6) ◽  
pp. E1153-E1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Aloia ◽  
Ashok Vaswani ◽  
Martin Feuerman ◽  
Mageda Mikhail ◽  
Ruimei Ma
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
White Women ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Skeletal Mass ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Gamma Neutron Activation ◽  
Whole Body Counting

Previous cross-sectional studies using delayed gamma neutron activation analysis and whole body counting suggested that the relationship of total body calcium (TBCa) to total body potassium (TBK) (muscle mass, body cell mass) remained constant with age. This led to the hypothesis that the muscle mass and skeletal mass compartments are integrated in their response to aging. It had also been hypothesized that loss of skeletal and muscle mass was similar between races. In the current study, delayed gamma neutron activation analysis and whole body counting were performed on 90 black and 143 white women 20–69 yr of age. Black women had higher TBCa and TBK values than white women, even when the data were adjusted for age, height, and weight. TBCa was correlated with height and TBK with weight. The estimated decline of skeletal mass (TBCa) from 20 to 70 yr was 18% in black women and 19% in white women. However, the lifetime decline of TBK was only 8% for black women, compared with 22% for white women. Black women may lose TBK more slowly than TBCa with aging, compared with white women. In particular, correlation of TBCa and age was similar for blacks and whites ( r = −0.44 and r = −0.54, respectively). However, for TBK these correlations were r = −0.14 and r = −0.42. These data confirm a higher musculoskeletal mass in black women and suggest that the loss of muscle mass with age may be lower in black than in white women. These ethnic differences do not support the hypothesis of an integrated musculoskeletal system, so that these two components should be considered separately. A prospective study is needed to confirm these findings.

Correlation between skeletal calcium mass and muscle mass in man

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Ellis ◽  
S. H. Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Skeletal Mass ◽  
Metabolic States ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Whole Body Counting ◽  
Skeletal Calcium ◽  
Age Range

The measurements of total body potassium (TBK) and calcium (TBCa) were made on 317 subjects by the techniques of whole-body counting and total-body neutron activation analysis (TBNAA), respectively. The TBK/TBCa ratios are constant for normals over the age range studied. The males have more cellular mass (TBK) per unit skeletal mass (TBCa) than the females, as indicated by their respective TBK/TBCa ratios, 0.122 +/- 0.008 (1 SD), and 0.100 +/- 0.007 (1 SD). In general, patients with various metabolic disorders tend to follow the physiological trend found in the normals. In a number of metabolic disorders, the loss of TBK was usually approximately 60% of that of the TBCa when expressed in terms of the predicted normal values. This suggests that the mechanism causing the loss of calcium in physiological and altered metabolic states simultaneously involves both the skeleton and its associated musculature.

scholarly journals Dosimetry of 131I for Occupational Radiation Workers by Whole Body Counting System

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
M.S. Rahman ◽  
M.A. Haydar ◽  
M.K.A. Patwary ◽  
S.M. Shome ◽  
S. Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Energy Commission ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Counter ◽  
Body Activity ◽  
Whole Body Counter ◽  
Radiation Workers ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
Whole Body Counting ◽  
Occupational Radiation

Internal radiation dosimetry of occupational radiation workers due to inhalation of 131I during maintenance at iodine 131I hot cell of Radioisotope Production Division (RIPD) of Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission have been performed with Whole Body Counter (WBC) containing two large size NaI detector. The contaminated radioactivity of the radiation workers by 131I was immediately conducted using a WBC (CANBERRA, FASTSCAN model 2250) and counting was repeated again a few days later. The performance of whole body counter was checked by CANBERRA transfer phantom (model 2257) with a mixed source (20 ml vial). The intake was calculated by Apex-Invivo counting software and then corresponding dose in thyroid were estimated by using Integrated Modules for Bioassay Analysis (IMBA) Professional Plus code modules. The body activity due to intake of 131I and the total effective and equivalent dose in thyroid were also estimated and discussed.

Studies of Calcium Absorption in Man Using a CD-2 Whole-Body Counter

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
K. Bakos ◽  
Věra Wernischová
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Absorption Process ◽  
Whole Body Counter ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
Calcium Load ◽  
Calcium Malabsorption ◽  
Whole Body Counting

SummaryWhole-body counting makes an important contribution of radioisotope techniques to ȁEin vivo“ absorption studies, in comparison with other methods. In a large number of subjects, the method was tested for its usefulness in the diagnosis of calcium malabsorption. The effects of drugs, of the calcium load in the gut and of the whole-body content of calcium on the absorption process were studied in a control group.

A Modified Chair Geometry for Whole Body Counting

1976 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 246-247
Author(s):  
S. C. Jain ◽  
G. C. Bhola ◽  
A. Nagaratnam ◽  
M. M. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Spatial Response ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Whole Body Counting ◽  
The Buddha

SummaryIn the Marinelli chair, a geometry widely used in whole body counting, the lower part of the leg is seen quite inefficiently by the detector. The present paper describes an attempt to modify the standard chair geometry to minimise this limitation. The subject sits crossed-legged in the “Buddha Posture” in the standard chair. Studies with humanoid phantoms and a volunteer sitting in the Buddha posture show that this modification brings marked improvement over the Marinelli chair both from the point of view of sensitivity and uniformity of spatial response.

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