scholarly journals Urinary excretion of aromatic acids by sheep given diets containing different amounts of protein and roughage

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Aromatic Acids ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Groundnut Meal

1. The urinary excretions of total diethyl ether-soluble acids and total aromatic acids of three sheep given maintenance diets containing different proportions of hay, rolled oats and decorticated groundnut meal were determined.2. When the sheep were given the diet containing 70% rolled oats the excretion of aromatic acids in the urine was less than that observed when the sheep were given diets high in roughage or protein concentrates.3. The amounts of aromatic acids excreted in the urine were not related to the dietary intakes of crude protein, apparently digestible crude protein, crude fibre, lignin or cellulose.4. The excretion of comparatively large amounts of aromatic acids in the urine of ruminants is discussed in relation to the smaller amounts normally excreted by non-ruminants. Possible reasons for the failure to observe any relationship between the amounts of aromatic acids excreted in the urine of the sheep and those constituents of the diets that were investigated are discussed and the nature of other precursors is suggested.

Studies On Browse Plants in Ghana II. Digestibility, (d) Digestibility Of Grewia Carpinifolia From The Accra Plains, Using Local Cattle As Experimental Animals

1966 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
G. L. Mabey ◽  
R. Rose Innes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Accra Plains

SummaryDigestibility of the palatable indigenous shrub Grewia carpinifolia was investigated. Digestion coefficients (%) were—organic matter 70, dry matter 70, crude protein 78, crude fibre 54, nitrogenfree extract 81, ether extract 13 and ash 52. Calculated nutritive values were—starch equivalent 27.3 and digestible crude protein 5.0, giving a nutritive ratio of about 1 : 5. The material used was moderately young.

Estimation of the average total digestible nutrients in pig feeds

1961 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Glover ◽  
H. W. Dougall
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Different Levels

In an earlier paper the estimation of the total digestible nutrients (T.d.n.) to be expected in ruminant feedingstuffs has been described (Glover, J. Duthie, D. W. & Dougall, H. W. 1960). In a like manner the average T.d.n. in pig feeds can be estimated. The necessary equations have been obtained in earlier papers (Glover & Duthie, 1958A, b). They are, respectivelywhere C.p. and C.f. are percentage crude protein and crude fibre, respectively, in the dry matter of the feed, D.c.p. is digestible crude protein and N.r. the nutritive ratio. They can be used directly for the estimation of T.d.n. because by definition T.d.n. is D.c.p.(N.r. + 1); thus the T.d.n. to be expected at different levels of C.p. and C.f. can readily be calculated. Table 1 shows in abbreviated form some of the values that are obtained in the ranges 0–30% C.p. and 0–40% C.f., while Fig. 1 illustrates in detail the effect on T.d.n. of changing C.p. and C.f. levels of the diet. This figure shows clearly the very marked effect of increasing C.f. depressing the digestibility of the total nutrients in pig feeds, a fact which is already well known.

scholarly journals Digestibility and feeding value of some tropical grasses and kudzu.

1962 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-285
Author(s):  
N.D. Dijkstra ◽  
J.G.P. Dirven
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Pueraria Phaseoloides ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Brachiaria Mutica

Samples of elephant grass, Pennisetum purpureum, lucuntu grass, Ischaemum timorense, para grass, Brachiaria purpurascens [Brachiaria mutica], Coastal Bermuda grass, Cynodon dactylon, and Guatemala grass, Tripsacum laxum, and 2 of kudzu, Pueraria phaseoloides, all grown in Surinam, were dried and taken to the Netherlands. Digestibility and feeding value were estimated with 3 wethers in experiments with preliminary and collection periods each of 10 days. Moisture, ash, crude protein and crude fibre were estimated and N-free extract with fat was calculated by difference. Digestibility was low, especially for the 2 samples of kudzu. Low digestibility of protein was thought to be due in part to artificial drying. There was a close correlation between crude protein and digestible crude protein in earlier experiments and the calculated regressions were applied to the grasses in this experiment, as well as to a number of other roughages. In the tropical grasses there was a good correlation between crude protein and digestible crude protein and a less marked one between crude protein and starch equivalent.-E. Sidaway. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

The total digestible nutrients and gross digestible energy of ruminant feeds

1960 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Glover ◽  
D. W. Duthie ◽  
H. W. Dougall
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Sharp Fall ◽  
Animal Trials ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Diet ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

It is shown that reasonable estimates of the average amounts of total digestible nutrients and gross digestible energy of ruminant feeds can be derived from knowledge of only the crude-protein and crude-fibre contents of such material as fed. These estimates do not appear to be markedly affected, if at all, by differences in class of feed or species of ruminant whether cattle, sheep or goat.A table of the average estimates of digestible crude protein and total digestible nutrients, to be expected at different levels of crude protein and crude fibre, is presented for use in the estimation of the average nutritive value of feeds whose digestibility has not been studied in detail by means of numerous animal trials.Inherent in the relationship between either total digestible nutrients or gross digestible energy and the proximate partial composition of the feed is a suggestion that if a low plane of protein nutrition is prolonged, that is when the crude protein of the dry diet lies persistently below some 5% in the dry feed, there is likely to be a sharp fall in the total digestibility of the feed.

Utilization of urea by milking cows

1961 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Balch ◽  
R. C. Campling
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Groundnut Meal ◽  
Friesian Cows

SummaryFriesian cows averaging about 30 lb of milk daily, were used for nitrogen balance experiments of the change-over type, in which 3·0–3·5 lb of two mixtures of molasses and urea were added to basal diets low in protein, but containing a high proportion of starch and lower carbohydrates, and ample energy for the amount of milk produced. The molasses mixtures contained 9–10% urea, about 2% H3PO4 and were added either alone or with 7% ethyl alcohol.In the first experiment, with three cows, the intake of digestible crude protein from the basal diet was about 90% of the recommended allowance and the utilization of urea nitrogen was poor. In the second experiment, with four cows, the intake of digestible crude protein with the basal diet was about 40% of the recommended allowance and the utilization of the nitrogen of urea and of additional groundnut meal was almost complete.Owing to the way in which the experiments developed the addition of alcohol to the mixture of molasses and urea could not be expected in the present work to increase the utilization of the nitrogen of urea even if it does have that effect under other circumstances. When added to the basal diet very low in nitrogen, the nitrogen of both urea and groundnut meal was used mainly to prevent the withdrawal of nitrogen from body reserves, but partly for a small increase in milk yield.Under the special conditions of this experiment, which were very favourable for the utilization of non-protein nitrogen, the allowances of digestible crude protein recommended by Woodman (1957) for maintenance of cows weighing 1250 lb (0·73 lb) and 1340 lb (0·82 lb) and giving about 30 lb of milk daily (0·6 lb/10 lb milk) did not appear to be excessive.

Studies on Browse Plants in Ghana

1966 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Mabey ◽  
R. Rose Innes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

SummaryDigestibility of the herbage of the indigenous tree Antiaris africana was investigated. Digestion coefficients (%) were—organic matter 67, dry matter 64, crude protein 78, crude fibre 39, nitrogen-free extract 74, ether extract 36 and ash 36. Calculated nutritive values were—starch equivalent 23·2 and digestible crude protein 3·7, giving a nutritive ratio of about 1 : 6. The herbage was young and its palatability high.

Digestibility trials on forages in Trinidad and their use in the prediction of nutritive value

1963 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Butterworth
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
A Value ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

Twenty-nine digestibility trials were carried out on various tropical forages and the results obtained were used to investigate possible prediction of nutritive value from chemical composition.1. The digestibility coefficient of crude protein could be predicted from the level of dietary crude protein. This prediction could be slightly improved by the incorporation of crude fibre in the expression. Results were somewhat higher than those reported from temperate areas.2. In order to investigate the above phenomena, a value for metabolic faecal protein was calculated. This was found to be similar to values reported from temperate areas. There was no correlation between faecal crude protein and either level of dietary crude fibre or undigested crude fibre.3. No significant relationships could be obtained to predict total digestible nutrients from either crude fibre or crude protein.4. There was a low (non-significant) negative correlation between the content of dietary crude fibre and the digestibility coefficient of organic matter; comparison of this value with those in the literature suggested that the effect of crude fibre in tropical areas was different to that reported from temperate areas.5. Results obtained were compared with standards of intake and nutrient requirements as recommended by the N.R.C. It was concluded that the factor most frequently limiting was digestible crude protein whilst total digestible nutrients were adequate in the greater part of the samples considered.

Energy values in pig nutrition:II. The prediction of energy values from dietary chemical analysis

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Morgan ◽  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Dietary Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

SUMMARYEighteen individual feedstuffs and 19 mixed diets were used in a study attempted to relate determined energy values to various chemically determined measures. For cereals the level of fibre could be used to predict digestible and metabolizable energy (DE and ME). In the case of DE the relationships with crude fibre and modified acid detergent fibre (MADF) based on 14 feeds were:DE (kcal/kg D.M.) = 4179–86 MADF (%): r =–0·96; P < 0·01,DE (kcal/kg D.M.) = 4228–140 x crude fibre (%): r =–0·97; P < 0·01.For all feeds the following equations gave the best prediction of energy values from dietary analysis (on the basis of correlation coefficients and residual standard deviations):DE (kcal/kg D.M.) = 109·9 x crude protein (%) + 149·3 x acid ether extract (%) + 90·1 x nitrogen-free extract (%)–5030: R = 0·95; P < 0.01.ME (kcal/kg D.M.) = 99·5 x crude protein (%) + 144·7 x acid ether extract (%) + 87·8 x nitrogen-free extract (%)–4795: R = 0·94; P < 0·01.Digestible nutrients were closely related to DE and ME, e.g.DE (kcal/kg D.M.) = 52·9 x digestible crude protein (%) + 108·3 x digestible ether extract (%) + 39·4 x digestible crude fibre (%) + 39·9 x digestible nitrogen-free extract (%) + 183·7: R = 0·99; P < 0·01.

Utilization of Zizyphus nummularia leaves by three breeds of sheep

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Nath ◽  
NS Malik ◽  
ON Singh
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

The chemical composition of Zizyphus nummularia leaves was determined, and their nutritive value studied by feeding them to 8-month-old ram lambs, three each of the Rambouillet, Rambouillet x Chokla, and Malpura breeds. Z. nummularia leaves contained 14% crude protein, 3% ether extract, 17% crude fibre, 56% nitrogen-free extract, 73% total carbohydrates, 10% total ash, 2.8% calcium, and 0.14% phosphorus. The dry matter intake of the lambs was 2.05 kg per 100 kg body weight. The palatability of the leaves was low and the animals lost weight. The average digestion coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, nitrogen-free extract, and total carbohydrates were 44, 54, 40, 28, 35, 64, and 57% respectively. The digestion coefficients of the nutrients did not differ between breeds except that for crude protein, which was higher in the Rambouillet (P < 0.05). The leaves contained 5.56 kg digestible crude protein and 49.7 kg total digestible nutrients per 100 kg dry matter. The nutritive ratio was 1 : 7.9. The leaves were quite nutritious, but palatability was low. Digestibility of protein was poor and urinary nitrogen excretion was low. Animals were in positive nitrogen balance, yet lost weight; possible causes for this are discussed. It is considered that Z. nummuluria leaves fed to growing lambs should be supplemented with other fodder. Protein and phosphorus supplements also seem desirable. Results indicate that wider investigations on factors limiting food intake, the role of supplements in improving the nutritional inadequacy of the diet, and ecological aspects of Zizyphus are necessary.

scholarly journals What has the State Agricultural Experiment Station at Hoorn contributed to research into the feeding value of roughage.

1954 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-297
Author(s):  
N.D. Dijkstra
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
The State ◽  
Agricultural Experiment Station ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Experiment Station ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

Work on the digestibility of fresh and dried grass, hay and silage, carried out at Hoorn (mainly in the period 1930-50) is reviewed. An account is given of attempts to formulate relationships between the contents of crude fibre and digestible organic matter in hay and grass, and between the contents of crude protein and digestible crude protein in grass (fresh and dried), hay and silage.-W.J.B. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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