scholarly journals The effect of diets containing different proportions of butterfat and maize oil on plasma lipids and aortic atherosis in rabbits

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Plasma Phospholipids ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Maize Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

1. Seven groups of male rabbits (thirteen to fifteen per group) were given ad lib. a diet consisting of 80 parts of a low-fat basal ration to which were added 20 parts of fat in the form of butterfat, maize oil or various mixtures of the two.2. After 40 weeks, samples of blood were taken and the animals were killed. The concentrations of total cholesterol and phospholipid in the plasma and the fatty acid compositions of the plasma cholesteryl esters and phospholipids were determined. The degree of atheromatous degeneration was determined in the aortas.3. Little aortic atherosis was observed in the rabbits given the diets containing 0, 10 and 12% butterfat, but as the butterfat content of the diet was increased above 12%, pronounced increases occurred in the extent of atheromatous degeneration of the aorta. The concentration of cholesterol in the plasma increased progressively as the butterfat content of the diet was increased and the maize oil content was decreased. There was an inverse curvilinear relationship between the degree of aortic atherosis and the phospholipid: cholesterol ratio in the plasma.4. The concentration of linoleic acid in the plasma cholesteryl esters was inversely related to the concentration of cholesterol in the plasma, and the concentration of linoleic acid in the plasma phospholipids was inversely related to the concentration of phospholipids in the plasma. There was a positive linear relationship between the stearic: palmitic acid ratio and the linoleic: oleic acid ratio in the plasma phospholipids.

scholarly journals The incorporation of linoleic acid into the plasma lipids of sheep given intraruminal infusions of maize oil or free linoleic acid

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Noble ◽  
W. Steele ◽  
J. H Moore
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Absorption Mechanism ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Direct Incorporation ◽  
Maize Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

1. The fatty acid compositions of the plasma cholesteryl esters, phospholipids, triglycerides and unesterilied fatty acids were determined in two sheep at various times after they had been given intraruminal infusions of emulsions of maize oil or linoleic acid.2. The concentration of linoleic acid in the plasma triglycerides began to increase 3 h after infusion began. The infusions of maize oil and linoleic acid resulted in the appearance of peak concentrations of linoleic acid in the plasma triglycerides 6 and 12h respectively after infusion began.3. After the infusion of maize oil the plasma triglycerides showed an increasein theconcentration of stearic acid but after the infusion of linoleic acid the plasma triglycerides showed an increase in the concentration of oleic acid.4. The concentration of linoleic acid in the plasma phospholipids and cholesteryl esters did not begin to increase until 6–9 h and 24–25 h respectively after the infusions had begun.5. No evidence was found for an absorption mechanism which involved the direct incorporation of linoleic acid into the blood phospholipids or cholesteryl esters.

scholarly journals The incorporation of linolenic and linoleic acids into the plasma lipids of sheep given intra-abomasal infusions of linseed oil, maize oil or linoleic acid

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Moore ◽  
R. C. Noble ◽  
W. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Maize Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

1. The fatty acid compositions of the plasma cholesteryl esters, phospholipids, triglycerides and unesterified fatty acids were determined in three sheep at various times after they had been given intra-abomasal infusions of emulsions of linseed oil, maize oil or linoleic acid.2. The concentrations of linolenic acid or linoleic acid in the plasma triglycerides began to increase 1.5 h after infusion of the emulsions had begun. As the concentration of linolenic or linoleic acids in the plasma triglycerides increased, the concentrations of palmitic and stearic acids decreased, hut there were no appreciable changes in the concentrations of oleic acid.3. The concentrations of linolenic or linoleic acid in the plasma phospholipids and cholesteryl esters did not begin to increase until 8–9 h and 24–25 h respectively after the infusions of the emulsions had begun.4. It is suggested that, after absorption from the small intestine of the sheep, linolenic and linoleic acids are transported in triglyceride form to the liver where the triglycerides are partially or completely hydrolysed. These C18 polyunsaturated acids are then preferentially utilized for the synthesis of phospholipids and cholesteryl esters but not for the re-synthesis of triglycerides.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of the plasma lipids of sheep

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Moore ◽  
R. C. Noble ◽  
W. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Acid Ratio

1. In Expt 1, four adult wether sheep were given diets of hay or dried grass in an alternating sequence of feeding treatments. Each treatment period lasted for 20 days and blood samples were taken from the sheep on the last day of each period. When the diet of hay (linoleic: linolenic acid ratio 1.40) was replaced by one of dried grass (linoleic: linolenic acid ratio 0.28), there was an increase in the concentration of linolenic acid and a decrease in the concentration of linoleic acid in the plasma cholesteryl esters and phospholipids. There was an increase in the concentration of stearic acid and a decrease in the concentration of palmitic acid in the plasma triglycerides. Dietary change did not affect the composition of the plasma unesterified fatty acids.2. In Expt 2, two adult wether sheep, each with a rumen fistula, were given daily intraruminal infusions of 60 g of ‘linolenic’ or ‘linoleic’ acids (both about 70% pure) over a period of 5 days. The infusion treatments were then reversed. Blood samples were taken at the end of each infusion period. Intraruminal infusions of ‘linolenic’ acid increased the concentration of linolenic acid in the plasma cholesteryl esters and phospholipids and increased the concentration of stearic acid in the plasma triglycerides. The infusions of ‘linoleic’ acid increased the concentration of linoleic acid in the plasma cholesteryl esters and phospholipids. No appreciable changes were observed in the composition of the plasma unesterified fatty acids.

Determining the Oleic/linoleic Acid Ratio in a Single Peanut Seed: a Comparison of Two Methods

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.D. Chamberlin ◽  
H.A. Melouk ◽  
R. Madden ◽  
J.W. Dillwith ◽  
Y. Bannore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Highly Correlated

ABSTRACT Peanut varieties with high oleic/linoleic acid ratios have become preferred by the peanut industry due to their increased shelf life and improved health benefits. Many peanut breeding programs are trying to incorporate the high oleic trait into new and improved varieties and are in need of diagnostic tools to track its inheritance early in development and at the single seed level. Traditionally, gas chromatography has been used to accurately determine the properties of peanut oil. Recently a method was developed to carry out this analysis by capillary elecrophoresis providing researchers with an alternative analytical platform. In this study, the use of capillary electrophoresis and gas chromatography for analysis of oleic/linoleic acid ratios are compared. Oil was extracted from approximately 0.10 g of peanut seed tissue taken from the distal end, leaving the embryonic end of the seed intact for subsequent germination. Over 100 samples inclusive of runner, Spanish and Virginia market types were processed. Oil extracts were analyzed for oleic/linoleic acid ratio using (1) capillary electrophoresis (CE) and (2) gas chromatography (GC). Results showed that the two methods are 100% in agreement in determining whether a peanut seed is “high-oleic” or “normal oleic” in oil content. Furthermore, the two methods are highly correlated (r  =  0.96; p < 0.0001) with respect to determining the exact oleic/linoleic acid ratio from each sample. Results from this study validate the use of CE as a diagnostic tool for breeding programs to identify individual high oleic peanut seed for further testing and development.

scholarly journals Dietary linoleic acid and the plasma phospholipids of the rabbit

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Moore ◽  
R. C. Noble
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Linoleic Acid Content ◽  
Plasma Phospholipids ◽  
Lysophosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Palmitic Acid Content ◽  
Acid Ratio

1. Groups of rabbits were given diets containing different proportions of butterfat and maize oil. After the animals had been given the experimental diets for 40 weeks the plasma phospho- lipids were fractionated and the fatty acid composition of each fraction was determined.2. Phosphatidyl choline and lysophosphatidyl choline accounted for about 75 and 12% respectively of the total plasma phospholipids: phosphatidyl ethanolamine, sphingomyelin and phosphatidyl serine accounted for only about 5.3, 5.0 and 2.6% respectively. Changes in the linoleic acid content of the diet had little effect on the relative proportions of the individual plasma phospholipids, but there was an over-all decrease in the concentration of total phospholipids in the plasma as the linoleic acid content of the diet was increased from 0.25 to 10.6%.3. When the diet contained 0.25 % linoleic acid, the linoleic acid:oleic acid ratio in the phosphatidyl choline (1.3) was similar to that in the phosphatidyl ethanolamine (1.2), but as the linoleic acid content of the diet was increased to 10.6% the linoleic acid:oleic acid ratio in the phosphatidyl choline increased to 48, whereas that in the phosphatidyl ethanolamine increased only to 2.2. Increases in the linoleic acid content of the diet resulted also in increases in the linoleic acid:oleic acid ratios in the phosphatidyl serine, lysophosphatidyl choline and sp hingomyelin.4. When the linoleic acid content of the diet was increased, the stearic acid:palmitic acid ratio in the phosphatidyl choline increased, whereas it decreased in the phosphatidyl ethanol- amine and remained relatively unaltered in the phosphatidyl serine. The stearic acid contents of the lysophosphatidyl choline and sphingomyelin were unaltered by dietary treatments, but the palmitic acid content of these two phospholipids decreased as the linoleic acid content of the diet increased.5. The results are discussed in terms of the metabolic relationships that exist between the various phospholipids.

scholarly journals Variation in oil content and fatty acid composition of sesame accessions from different origins

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kurt
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Oil content and fatty acid composition are very important parameters for the human consumption of oilseed crops. Twenty-four sesame accessions including seven collected from various geographical regions of Turkey and 11 from different countries were investigated under field conditions for two consecutive years (2015 and 2016). The sesame accessions varied widely in their oil content and fatty acid compositions. The oil content varied between 44.6 and 53.1% with an average value of 48.15%. The content of oleic acids, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid,and stearic acid varied between 36.13–43.63%, 39.13–46.38%, 0.28–0.4%, 8.19–10.26%, and 4.63–6.35%, respectively. When total oil content and fatty acid composition were compared, Turkish sesame showed wide variation in oil and fatty acid compositions compared to those from other countries. However, the accessions from other countries were fewer compared to those from Turkey. It is essential to compare oil and fatty acid composition using a large number of germ plasm from different origins. In sesame oil, the average contents of oleic acid and linoleic acid were 39.02% and 43.64%, respectively, and their combined average content was 82.66%, representing the major fatty acid components in the oil from the sesame accessions used in the present study. The results obtained in this study provide useful information for the identification of better parents with high linoleic and oleic acid contents for developing elite sesame varieties with traits which are beneficial to consumer health.

Oxidation and metabolism of linoleic acid in fed and fasted sheep

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Lindsay ◽  
W. M. F. Leat
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Plasma Phospholipids ◽  
Post Infusion ◽  
Ruminant Animals

SummaryUsing continuous infusion techniques the entry rate of linoleic acid and its contribution to carbon dioxide production has been studied in fed and fasted sheep. The entry rate of linoleic acid in fasted sheep (0·052 mg/min/kg) was considerably less than that of stearic acid (0·432 mg/min/kg), and the percentage of total carbon dioxide production derived from the oxidation of linoleic acid (0·4%) was also markedly less than that from stearic acid (10·13%).On starvation there was a preferential mobilization of palmitic, stearic and oleic acids relative to linoleic acid.The infused 14C-labelled linoleic acid was initially incorporated into plasma phospholipids, with maximal radioactivity at about 1 day post-infusion, and subsequently into plasma cholesteryl esters with a maximum at 2 days post-infusion. The incorporation of 14C-labelled stearic acid into plasma phospholipids was only 25–30% that of linoleic acid, with negligible incorporation into cholesteryl esters.Possible explanations for ruminant animals being able to exist on a very low intake of linoleic acid are discussed. In essence, there is a discrimination against the use of linoleic acid as an energy source, but the mechanisms involved do not appear to be unique to ruminant animals.

FEATURES OF THE OIL-BEARING-CROP (CHARTHAMUS) CULTIVATION UNDER THE CONTRASTIVE EDAPHIC-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
S. К. Temirbekova ◽  
Yu. V. Afanaseva ◽  
I. M. Kulikov ◽  
G. V. Metlina ◽  
S. A. Vasilchenko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Saratov Region ◽  
Rostov Region

The results of long-term studies of the biological, morphological and phenological features of the introduced new culture of safflower in the Central, Volga and North Caucasus regions are presented. Optimum parameters of depth of seeding (5-6 cm), seeding rates (300-350 thousand pieces/hectare or 12-14 kg), ensuring high productivity, oil content and quality of seeds are established. For the first time, the relationship between moisture availability of vegetation periods with accumulation of oil content and a change in the fatty acid composition was established. Oilseed (in untreated seeds) in the regions was from 14,5 to 31,2%, in excessively wet 2013 – 6,4% in the Moscow region and 8,6% in the Saratov region. Fatty acid composition revealed a high content of oleic acid in Krasa Stupinskaya variety – 13,6-16,8%, linoleic acid – 68,5-75,7%. The yield of oil in the Moscow region was 240 kg/ha. The yield of Krasa Stupinskaya in the Moscow Region was 0,6 t/ha, the Rostov Region 0,8 t/ha and Saratov Region 1,2 t/ha, with an average weight of 1000 seeds, respectively, by regions: 40,0 g, 47,3 g and 40,9 g. The growing season for growing seeds was 105 days in the Moscow Region, 94 days in the Rostov Region and 95 days in the Saratov Region. It has been established that excessive moistening during the flowering and seed filling period increases the harmfulness of enzyme-mycosis seed depletion (EMIS) – biological injury during maturation (enzymatic stage), followed by the seeding of the seeds with the phytopathogen Alternaria carthami Chowdhury. In the breeding programs for productivity and oil content, it is recommended to use the varieties Moldir (Kazakhstan) and Krasa Stupinskaya (FGBNU VSTISP), the fatty acid composition of which is characterized by an increased content of oleic and linoleic acid, which is of particular value for storage and use for food purposes.

scholarly journals Comparison of Oil Content and Fatty Acid Profile of Ten NewCamellia oleiferaCultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunying Yang ◽  
Xueming Liu ◽  
Zhiyi Chen ◽  
Yaosheng Lin ◽  
Siyuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Eicosenoic Acid ◽  
Camellia Oleifera ◽  
Average Ratio ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
New Cultivars

The oil contents and fatty acid (FA) compositions of ten new and one wildCamellia oleiferavarieties were investigated. Oil contents in camellia seeds from newC. oleiferavaried with cultivars from 41.92% to 53.30% and were affected by cultivation place. Average oil content (47.83%) of dry seeds from all ten new cultivars was almost the same as that of wild commonC. oleiferaseeds (47.06%). NewC. oleiferacultivars contained similar FA compositions which included palmitic acid (C16:0, PA), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0, SA), oleic acid (C18:1, OA), linoleic acid (C18:2, LA), linolenic acid (C18:3), eicosenoic acid (C20:1), and tetracosenoic acid (C24:1). Predominant FAs in mature seeds were OA (75.78%~81.39%), LA (4.85%~10.79%), PA (7.68%~10.01%), and SA (1.46%~2.97%) and OA had the least coefficient of variation among different new cultivars. Average ratio of single FA of ten artificialC. oleiferacultivars was consistent with that of wild commonC. oleifera. All cultivars contained the same ratios of saturated FA (SFA) and unsaturated FA (USFA). Oil contents and FA profiles of new cultivars were not significantly affected by breeding and selection.

LIPID METABOLISM IN THE NEWBORN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-645
Author(s):  
Paulus Zee
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Distribution ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Cord Serum ◽  
Fat Mobilization ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Triglyceride, cholesterol and cholesteryl ester concentrations in the cord serum of 10 infants were determined and found to be considerably lower than in the mother's serum. The fatty acid compositions of the cord serum triglycerides and cholesteryl esters were significantly different from those of the mothers. The linoleate fraction of these esters was especially low. Plasma triglyceride concentrations in full-term, healthy infants rose significantly 9 hours after birth. The fatty acid distribution of these triglycerides at 12 hours varied from that at birth; this difference was also reflected in reported plasma free fatty acids and suggests a precursory relationship. The plasma total cholesterol concentrations did not alter in the first 12 hours, nor did the fatty acid distribution of the cholesteryl esters change significantly. A method to measure low concentrations of triglycerides in small samples is described. The differences between maternal and cord serum lipids suggest that fetal lipids do not originate directly in the mother. The rise in plasma triglycerides is part of an increased fat mobilization occurring after birth.

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