scholarly journals Effects of dietary excesses of vitamins A and D on some constituents of the blood of chicks

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Taylor ◽  
K. M. L. Morris ◽  
Jean Kirkley
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Dietary Requirements ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Induced Changes

1. Groups of chicks were given diets containing four levels of vitamins A and D, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 times the basal level, in all sixteen combinations, with the object of investigating a possible antagonism between the two vitamins.2. Only diets containing 1000 times the basal level (approx. 1700 times the dietary requirements) of one or both vitamins depressed growth and induced changes in the blood.3. The packed cell volume was substantially reduced from 4 weeks of age in the chicks given the highest level of vitamin A. It is suggested that this was due to an effect of the vitamin on the fragility of the red cells and thus on their life span.4. Chicks given the toxic level of vitamin D showed an increase in plasma calcium and a decrease in plasma inorganic phosphorus. The highest level of vitamin A depressed plasma Ca without influencing plasma inorganic P. Increasing amounts of vitamin A given in combination with the highest level of vitamin D caused a progressive increase in the plasma inorganic P.5. The highest level of dietary vitamin A significantly increased the activity in the plasma of three lysosomal enzymes: acid phosphatase, β-glucuronidase and arylsulphatase. Excess vitamin D given in conjunction with the basal level of vitamin A significantly depressed the plasma acid phosphatase and the activity of this enzyme increased with increasing amounts of vitamin A. Excess vitamin D had no influence on the other hydrolases studied.6. A marked antagonism between the effects of excessive amounts of the two vitamins occurred only in respect of their actions on the plasma levels of Ca, inorganic P and acid phosphatase, all of which are involved in bone metabolism.

The Interaction of Dietary Vitamin A and Vitamin D Related to Skeletal Development in the Turkey Poult

1985 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. 929-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan L. Metz ◽  
Mary M. Walser ◽  
William G. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Skeletal Development ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Turkey Poult

scholarly journals Excess Dietary Vitamin A in the Growing Chick: Effect of Fat Source and Vitamin D

1986 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. VELTMANN ◽  
L.S. JENSEN ◽  
G.N. ROWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Dietary Vitamin

scholarly journals Validation of a food-frequency questionnaire for assessing vitamin intake of Japanese women in early and late pregnancy with and without nausea and vomiting

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Chik Jwa ◽  
Kohei Ogawa ◽  
Minatsu Kobayashi ◽  
Naho Morisaki ◽  
Haruhiko Sago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
Japanese Pregnant Women

AbstractMaternal vitamin intake during pregnancy is crucial for pregnancy outcomes and the child's subsequent health. However, there are few valid instruments for assessing vitamin intake that address the effects of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP). This study aimed to investigate the validity of a FFQ concerning vitamin intake during early and late pregnancy with and without NVP. The participants comprised 200 Japanese pregnant women who completed the FFQ and from whom blood samples were taken in early and late pregnancy. Energy-adjusted dietary vitamin intakes (vitamin C, folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin D) from FFQ were compared with their blood concentrations. A subgroup of women with NVP was investigated. In early pregnancy, significant correlations between FFQ and biomarkers were observed for vitamin C (r0·27), folate (r0·18) and vitamin D (r0·26) in women with NVP and for vitamin A (r0·18), vitamin B12(r0·24) and vitamin D (r0·23) in women without NVP. No significant correlations were observed in either group for vitamins B6or E. In late pregnancy, similar significant associations were observed for vitamin C (r0·27), folate (r0·22), vitamin B6(r0·18), vitamin B12(r0·27) and vitamin A (r0·15); coefficients were higher among women without NVP. Our study demonstrates that the FFQ is a useful tool for assessing intake of several important vitamins in early and late pregnancy regardless of NVP status.

scholarly journals Dietary vitamin A intakes of Filipino elders with adequate or low liver vitamin A concentrations as assessed by the deuterated-retinol-dilution method: implications for dietary requirements

2004 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy D Ribaya-Mercado ◽  
Florentino S Solon ◽  
Liza S Fermin ◽  
Christine S Perfecto ◽  
Juan Antonio A Solon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Dietary Requirements ◽  
Liver Vitamin

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Dietary Vitamin K Requirements of Rats and Mice

1968 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Hacking ◽  
W. Lane-Petter
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Breeding Colony ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Dietary Requirements ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Rats And Mice

The literature concerning the dietary requirements of rats and mice for vitamin K has been reviewed and some relevant observations on the breeding colony of rats at Carworth Europe are reported. From the literature cited it is concluded that the true vitamin K requirement, that is, the amount that must be absorbed to prevent prolongation of prothrombin time, is influenced by many factors; the most important are strain, age, sex and environmental temperature. In determining the amount of a particular form of vitamin K that must be included in the diet of a given strain of rat or mouse in a given environment, the principal factors to be considered are the degree of coprophagy, the level of vitamin A and the amount and types of fats and proteins present in the diet.

scholarly journals Vitamin D in adolescence: evidence-based dietary requirements and implications for public health policy

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taryn J. Smith ◽  
Laura Tripkovic ◽  
Susan A. Lanham-New ◽  
Kathryn H. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Randomised Trials ◽  
Dietary Requirements

Vitamin D is a unique nutrient. First, it acts as a pro-hormone and secondly, the requirement for vitamin D can be met by both endogenous synthesis from sunlight and by dietary sources. This complicates the determination of dietary requirements for vitamin D, which along with the definition of optimal vitamin D status, have been highly controversial and much debated over recent years. Adolescents are a population group at high risk of low vitamin D status, which is concerning given the important role of vitamin D, and calcium, in promoting normal bone mineralisation and attainment of peak bone mass during this rapid growth phase. Dietary vitamin D recommendations are important from a public health perspective in helping to avoid deficiency and optimise vitamin D status for health. However limited experimental data from winter-based dose–response randomised trials in adolescents has hindered the development of evidence-based dietary requirements for vitamin D in this population group. This review will highlight how specifically designed randomised trials and the approach adopted for estimating such requirements can lead to improved recommendations. Such data indicate that vitamin D intakes of between 10 and about 30 µg/d may be required to avoid deficiency and ensure adequacy in adolescents, considerably greater than the current recommendations of 10–15 µg/d. Finally this review will consider the implications of this on public health policy, in terms of future refinements of vitamin D requirement recommendations and prioritisation of public health strategies to help prevent vitamin D deficiency.

scholarly journals Serum and intracellular retinol transport in the equine

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sklan ◽  
Susan Donoghue
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Protein Aggregates ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Hydrolase Activity ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Protein Aggregate ◽  
Retinyl Esters ◽  
Four Levels

1. Serum and intracellular distribution of retinol was determined in equines maintained on four levels of vitamin A intake.2. The form of retinol transported in serum was determined by gel filtration and chromatography to be a complex of retinol bound to a protein of molecular weight (MW) of approximately 20000, which was in turn complexed probably with prealbumin to yield a complex with a MW of 75000 to 80000.3. Increasing dietary vitamin A levels enhanced the concentration of lipoprotein-bound retinyl esters in the plasma.4. Vitamin A in the liver cytosol was found predominantly as retinyl esters in a lipid–protein aggregate of MW approximately 2 × 106 and hydrated density of 1·063–1·111. In the kidney and adrenal gland, two Iipid–protein entitites were found with MW of approximately 1·8 × 106 and 1·7 × 105 respectively. These fractions contained approximately 40 and 20% lipid respectively and had densities of 1·063–1·111 and approximately 1·21.5. All lipid–protein aggregates were associated with retinyl palmitate hydrolase activity and guanidine treatment released a 15000 MW material, presumably intracellular retinol-binding protein.6. Increasing dietary vitamin A enhanced the proportion of retinol in the 1·7 × 105 fraction.7. Findings in equine plasma and liver resemble previous observations in other species. The characterization of two new lipid–protein aggregates in equine kidney and adrenal glands, which have hydrolase activity, may be important in intracellular retinol transport and metabolism, especially in animals subjected to high intakes of vitamin A.

scholarly journals Ethnic disparities in the dietary requirement for vitamin D during pregnancy: considerations for nutrition policy and research

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. O'Callaghan ◽  
Mairead E. Kiely
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Dietary Requirements

Despite the inverse association between skin colour and efficiency of cutaneous vitamin D synthesis, in addition to the widely accepted racial disparity in vitamin D status, populations of ethnic minority are understudied in terms of setting target serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and corresponding dietary requirements for vitamin D. In minority groups, prevention of vitamin D deficiency on a population basis is challenging due to the lack of clarity surrounding the metabolism and transport of vitamin D. Authoritative agencies have been unable to define pregnancy-specific dietary recommendations for vitamin D, owing to an absence of sufficient evidence to confirm whether nutritional requirements for vitamin D are altered during pregnancy. While the question of setting race- and pregnancy-specific dietary reference values for vitamin D has not been addressed to date, endemic vitamin D deficiency has been reported among gravidae worldwide, specifically among ethnic minorities and white women resident at high latitude. In light of the increased risk of nutritional rickets among infants of ethnic minority, coupled with growing evidence for potential non-skeletal roles of vitamin D in perinatal health, determination of the dietary vitamin D requirement that will prevent deficiency during pregnancy is a research priority. However, systematic approaches to establishing dietary requirements are limited by the quality of the available evidence and the under-representation of minority groups in clinical research. This review considers the evidence for racial differences in vitamin D status and response to vitamin D supplementation, with particular application to pregnancy-specific requirements among ethnic minorities resident at high latitudes.

scholarly journals Maternal Vitamin D and Newborn Telomere Length

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2012
Author(s):  
Lisa Daneels ◽  
Dries S. Martens ◽  
Soumia Arredouani ◽  
Jaak Billen ◽  
Gudrun Koppen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Diet Supplements

Nutrition is important during pregnancy for offspring health. Gestational vitamin D intake may prevent several adverse outcomes and might have an influence on offspring telomere length (TL). In this study, we want to assess the association between maternal vitamin D intake during pregnancy and newborn TL, as reflected by cord blood TL. We studied mother–child pairs enrolled in the Maternal Nutrition and Offspring’s Epigenome (MANOE) cohort, Leuven, Belgium. To calculate the dietary vitamin D intake, 108 women were asked to keep track of their diet using the seven-day estimated diet record (EDR) method. TL was assessed in 108 cord blood using a quantitative real-time PCR method. In each trimester of pregnancy, maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentration was measured. We observed a positive association (β = 0.009, p-value = 0.036) between newborn average relative TL and maternal vitamin D intake (diet + supplement) during the first trimester. In contrast, we found no association between average relative TL of the newborn and mean maternal serum 25-OHD concentrations during pregnancy. To conclude, vitamin D intake (diet + supplements), specifically during the first trimester of pregnancy, is an important factor associated with TL at birth.

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