scholarly journals Manganese in the nutrition and metabolism of the pullet

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Mathers ◽  
R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body

1. Groups of pullets were given a diet of high (106–107 μg/g) or low (6–7 μg/g) manganese content and killed either before sexual maturity, at the point-of-lay or after a 6- to 7-month laying period. The birds were dissected into six tissue fractions: skeleton, liver, kidney, ovary and oviduct, skin and feathers, and muscle with remaining tissue. Total Mn and concentration of Mn as μg/g dry fat-free tissue were determined for each fraction.2. There were no differences in live weight attributable to level of dietary Mn, and no differences in egg production.3. Mean total body Mn varied among groups over a fairly narrow range (528–738 μg), with the exception of birds given the high-Mn diet throughout the experiment, in which the mean was 2319 μg. This represented an increase in Mn content during egg laying of 244%. There was no significant difference in the Mn content of birds given the low-Mn diet whether they were killed at the point-of-lay or after the laying period.4. The effects of treatment on the weight of Mn in each of the tissue fractions are described. The very large increase in total Mn that occurred during egg production in birds given the high-Mn diet was accounted for largely by the increase in skin and feathers (1072 μg Mn).5. In general terms, the Mn content of liver, kidney and ovary and oviduct together constituted only just over 10% of total body Mn, the remainder being distributed about equally among skeleton, skin and feathers, and muscle with remaining tissue.6. There was a close parallel between the concentration of Mn of a tissue and the total weight of Mn it contained except in certain instances when stage of maturity or egg production influenced weight of the tissue.7. The effects of treatments on the Mn contents of these birds are discussed in relation to the retention of dietary Mn, and the withdrawal from and accumulation of Mn in individual tissues and the whole body.

The influence of nutrition on egg-production and longevity in unmated female body-lice (Pediculus humanus corporis: Anoplura)

Parasitology ◽  
1941 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Haddow
Keyword(s):  
Female Body ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
The Body ◽  
Unmated Female ◽  
Pediculus Humanus ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Body Lice

1. Isolated unmated female body-lice were worn in pillboxes between the skin and the clothes. They were kept constantly on the body but, by a simple device, groups of ten were permitted feeding periods of different length. These groups were fed for 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 hr. per day respectively. Another group of ten were never allowed to feed after the last moult.2. Some of the figures for egg yield were high. Lice in the 24 hr. group were able to maintain a rate of ten eggs per day for 4−5 days at a time.3. No significant difference in longevity or rate of egg-laying was found to exist between the 12, 16, 20 and 24 hr. groups nor between the 4 and 8 hr. groups but a pronounced and significant difference exists between the 8 and 12 hr. groups. Below 12 hr. there is a sharp fall in longevity and rate of egg production. The unfed group all died, without laying, on the third day.4. The rate of laying as shown by the mode increases progressively with increase in time allowed daily for feeding.5. With regard to the mean eggs per louse the position is less clear. It is felt that the 24 hr. group may differ significantly from the 12, 16 and 20 hr. groups but this is uncertain.

Effect of Supplementation of Multi Enzymes on Production Performance and Egg Quality Traits in White Leghorn Layers

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Pandian ◽  
A. Sundaresan ◽  
A. V. Omprakash
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation

The present study was conducted to assess the effect of supplementation of Multi-enzymes with lysophospholipids on production performance of pure line White Leghorn layers. Body weights before and after the experiment did not differ significantly across the experimental diets. Irrespective of the dietary treatments, the birds gained 3.83 per cent of live weight relative to its initial body weight. Mean per cent Hen housed egg production was significantly (Pis less than 0.05) higher in diet supplemented with 0.10 MEC-L than other groups. Mean egg weight and average daily feed consumption during 25 to 35 weeks of age indicated no significant effect of enzyme supplementation. Average daily feed consumption per bird in control, 0.05 % and 0.1% multi-enzyme supplemented groups was 108.13, 105.66 and 107.67 g respectively and birds offered control diet recorded numerically more feed intake than enzyme supplemented groups. Comparatively low feed per egg was observed in 0.10 per cent group followed by 0.05 per cent group which offers economic benefits than control diets. However, the egg quality traits between different dietary enzyme supplementation groups showed no significant difference.

EGG-LAYING FEATURES, WEIGHT AND SIZE OF GERMINATIVE DUCK CHIMERAS EGGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Doroshenko ◽  
S. O. Kostenko ◽  
P. V. Korol ◽  
A. M. Chepiha ◽  
O. V. Sydorenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Entire Study

The consequences of chimerization and its possible influence on the productivity of chimera offspring remain poorly understood. The objects of research were ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) of the Shanma (Shan partridge duck) and Shaoxing breeds kept at the Zhuji Guowei Poultry Development Co, Ltd, P.R.China. The study was conducted in the poultry genetics laboratory of the Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences on a duck farm of Zhejiang Generation Biological Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (Zhejiang Province, PRC). To create chimeras of ducks, the method described by Aige-Gil, Simkiss, 1991; M.T. Tagirov, 2010 was used. Blastodiscs have been isolated from freshly hatched fertilized eggs using a filter paper ring. Shanma duck embryos have been used as recipients, and Shaoxing duck embryos, homozygous for plumage color gene allele (wild type), have been used as donors. Busulfan (SigmaAldrich, United States) have been used as a chemical agent that suppresses a division of primary germ cells (PGC) of recipient embryos. A hole in an eggshell (window) of recipients (Shanma breed) have been made between a blunt and sharp ends of eggs. (This reduced a distance between an injector and an embryo needle). The recipients havebeen incubated for 8–10 hours at a temperature of 38 °C. After recipient eggs incubation for 8 hours, the windows were opened in them. Busulfan was injected into the subgerminal cavity of the embryo with a micropipette (1.5–3 μl of liquid). After busulfan injection, the empty cavity was filled with culture medium (RPMI-1640) supplemented with antibiotics (ampicillin, streptomycin), the hole was closed by plastic wrap and adhesive tape. The eggs have been incubated at a reduced temperature (+32 °C) for 24 hours with the aim of prolong the duration of busulfan action on the PGC (primary germ cells). More than 50% of embryos have been died in the first 2–3 days (after an incubation start). Head and neck disorders have been observed in the 1.2% of embryos. Busulfan injection at a concentration of 300 ng per egg have been leads to 95.0–96.3% mortality of duck embryos, concentration of 150 ng per egg, a mortality rate of 33.3–75.3% have been observed, concentration to 75 ng led to 18.75–38.5% of embryonic mortality. Analysis of the age of puberty (laying of the first egg) indicates that the chimeras matured later. If in the control group the average age of puberty was 139 ± 9 days, in the group of chimeras - 148 ± 13 days. Thus, we can attest that in our experiment, the chimeras matured later than the control animals, which may be due to the effect of busulfan in the sterilization of recipient embryos. The average weight of ducks in the control group was lower, and the group itself was more consolidated. Thus, in the control ducks weighed 1422.40 ± 57.00 g, the chimeras 1608.80 ± 94.76 g. The advantage of live weight chimeras over the control group may be due to the fact that the control group consisted of recipients served by Shanma animals. Egg production of ducks for the entire study period was 87.5 ± 0.05 % (control) 79.5±0.12 % (busulfan). The weight of eggs of ducks of two groups for the entire period was 70.62±0.199 g (control) and 71.15±0.157 g (p˂0.001). The eggs morphometric parameters of the studied ducks groups were: the average values of egg length were 6.056±0.0564 cm (control) and 6.269±0.1341cm (busulfan); egg breadth were 4.520±0.0053 cm (control) and 4.529±0.004 cm (busulfan). There were no statistical intergroup differences in the morphometric parameters of the eggs of the studied groups. In fact, we obtained results similar to the previous ones, which concerned the egg production of daughters of drake chimeras.

New method of poultry selection

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
E. Rehleckaya ◽  
A. Dymkov ◽  
L. Lazarets ◽  
A. Maltsev
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
New Method ◽  
Egg Diameter ◽  
Correlation Rate

Purpose: Install the influence of the «small diameter of the egg» on the living mass and the reproductive qualities of chickens of meat crosses and the quail of meat breeds.Materials and methods. The selection was carried out along egg production and mass of eggs and additionally on the average small diameter of 5 eggs by value of ≥0.5σ from the average for the herd, while the evaluation on the basis of the «small diameter of the egg» was carried out in chickens aged 238 days of life, quails — 70 days of life. Calculated the average for each female and the average for the herd. For further reproduction, chickens carrying eggs with a small egg diameter ≥0.5σ from the average for the herd. Studies were held in SibNIP on quail and on the courses.Results. In the initial period of the egg laying, the individual variability of the small diameter of the egg — more than 10% (in the future, the figure decreased). The close correlation rate of the small egg diameter in the first half of the egg laying with such at the end of the bird's operation period was revealed. It has been established that the large diameter of the egg has a positive reliable connection with a lively mass, but negative with egg production. The reliable correlation rate of the small diameter of the egg with a live weight at a 42-day age, as well as with the derivation of eggs. The inheritance coefficients of the small diameter of the egg are comparable to the inheritance coefficients of the mass of eggs and significantly exceed those for a large diameter of the egg. The selection according to the small diameter of the eggs by ≥0.5σ from the average for the herd led to the fact that the chickens of the experimental groups reliably exceeded the live weight in the SB level of 1.57%, in the line G8 — by 1.35%. The superiority of a lively mass of quail of experienced groups was more pronounced than that of the chickens: the Pharaoh breed — by 4.15%, the Texas white breed is 4.22%. In relation to the derivation of eggs, a similar trend was traced. The derivation of eggs in quails of experienced groups was more than 4.59–4.98%; Country, respectively, 4.57–5.22%. Egg production of females of comparable groups of both chickens and quail was almost on the same level, and the difference was unreliable.Conclusion. It was established that a new method of breeding the poultry of the meat direction of productivity allows without decreasing egg production to increase the living mass of chickens of meat crosses by 1.5%, rewinds of meat breeds — by 4%, the derivation of eggs, respectively, by 4–5%. The method is intended for early prediction of females productivity during breeding selection.

scholarly journals Heterosis effect in hybrid laying hens

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hristakieva ◽  
M. Oblakova ◽  
M. Lalev ◽  
N. Mincheva
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Group V ◽  
Paternal Line ◽  
Group I ◽  
Heterosis Effect

The new original egg laying lines T, P and N selected at the Institute of Agriculture - Stara Zagora were used. Hybrid ?? ? ??, ?? ? ?? crosses were obtained and used for paternal line. Thereafter, the following breeding schedule of paternal and maternal lines was applied: Group I - (?????)? ?N?; group ?? - (?????)? ?N?; group ??? - ???N?; and group ?V - ???N?. The production traits of original and hybrid birds were recorded: live weight at the age of 8 and 18 weeks, age of sexual maturity in days, 150 days egg production, average egg weight - at 2-week intervals until end of lay; livability, heterosis effect. The live weights of hybrids at 8 and 18 weeks of age were statistically significantly lower compared to original lines. The values of heterosis for this parameter were negative for all four hybrid combinations. The earliest beginning of egg lay occurred in (?????) ? ?N? (162.08 days of age) and ???N? (163.11 days of age). The relative (%) heterosis for age of sexual maturity of studied hybrid combinations had moderate to low negative values. Average egg weights of hybrids were higher and the values of heterosis - positive for all four groups varying from 0.97% to 1.63%. The average 150 days egg production was lower in purebred lines compared to hybrids. The highest average 150 days egg production was determined in ???N? hybrids - 142 eggs. The heterosis effect for egg production in hybrids was significant.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study between C-Reactive Protein and Procalcitonin in Iraqi Burn Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Alia E. Al-Ubadi
Keyword(s):  
Burn Injury ◽  
Total Body Surface Area ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Survivor Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body

Association between Procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) and burn injury was evaluated in 80 burned patients from Al-Kindy and Imam Ali hospitals in Baghdad-Iraq. Patients were divided into two groups, survivor group 56 (70%) and non-survivor group 24 (30%). PCT was estimated using (Human Procalcitonin ELISA kit) provided by RayBio/USA while CRP was performed using a latex agglutination kit from Chromatest (Spain). Our results declared that the mean of Total Body Surface Area (TBSA %) affected were 63.5% range (36%–95%) in non-survivor patients, while 26.5% range (10%–70%) in survivor patients. There is a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.00), the higher mean percentage of TBSA has a significant association with mortality. Serum PCT and CRP were measured at the three times of sampling (within the first 48hr following admission, after 5thdays and after 10th days). The mean of PCT serum concentrations in non-survivor group (2638 ± 3013pg/ml) were higher than that of survivor group (588 ± 364pg/ml). Significantly high levels of CRP were found between the survivor and non-survivor groups especially in the 10th day of admission P=0.000, present study show that significant differences is found within the non-survivor group through the three times P= 0.01, while results were near to significant differences within survivor group through the three times (P= 0.05).

scholarly journals Vitamin D and manganese in the nutrition of the chick

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mn Content

1. In two experiments with chicks given diets of different manganese content, the effects of vitamin D on the Mn contents of bone and liver and on the retention of 54Mn in bone, liver and the whole body were determined.2. Vitamin D slightly increased the Mn content of dry fat-free bone but the proportion of Mn to ash remained unchanged and the Mn content of bone was influenced much more by the level of dietary Mn than by the presence of vitamin D.3. Vitamin D, when given over a 3-week period, increased slightly the Mn content of the liver, but again the level of dietary Mn had a greater effect than the presence of vitamin D.4. The retention of an oral dose of 54Mn was not uniformly influenced by vitamin D, but in birds given the hign-Mn diet retention was reduced by vitamin D, indicating a decrease in the turnover of Mn.

The effect of body weight at calving on milk production and reproductive performance of Friesian × Zebu heifers

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Deresz ◽  
C. M. Jaume ◽  
M. R. de Carvalho ◽  
C. A. González
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

ABSTRACTTwenty-six pregnant Holstein-Friesian × zebu heifers, arranged in pairs according to age, body weight, expected calving date and amount of zebu breeding, were allocated at random to two nutritional regimens during the last 12 weeks before calving. If was planned that the animals in treatment A should calve at a pre-calving live weight of 480 kg and those in treatment B should calve at 380 kg. The diet consisted of maize silage or elephant grass silage, soya-bean meal and minerals. During the first 21 days of the post-partum period both groups were given 6 kg concentrate per head daily. After this period, the feeding level was adjusted every 14 days according to the current milk yield. The mean total milk yields were 2132 kg and 1283 kg (P < 0·05) and the lengths of lactation were 239 days and 156 days (P < 0·01) for cows in treatments A and B, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between treatments in the intervals from calving to first heat or calving to conception.

scholarly journals The accretion of copper and of zinc by the foetuses of prolific ewes

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Williams ◽  
I. McDonald ◽  
I. Bremner
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Unit Body Weight ◽  
Growth Equations ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Cu And Zn

1. The amounts of copper and zinc in the foetuses of ewes carrying from one to four lambs were measured at different stages of gestation and estimates were made of the amounts of these metals in their livers.2. The accretion of Cu and Zn could be described by growth equations of the Gompertz form, from which could be derived estimates of the instantaneous and fractional rates of deposition of these metals in the foetal body.3. Between the 80th and 144th day of gestation the instantaneous rates of deposition of the metals increased exponentially, and at the end of pregnancy were calculated to be 0.24 and 2.0 mg Cu and Zn/d respectively in the triplet lamb foetus. The corresponding total accretions were estimated to be 10 and 69 mg respectively.4. The fractional rates of live-weight gain and of deposition of Cu were similar and decreased at similar rates; that of Zn deposition decreased much more slowly.5. The proportion of whole-body Cu estimated to be in the liver was always greater than 50 %. The amount of Zn in the liver remained constant and contributed 72 % of the total body Zn at 80 d but only 8 % at 144d.6. The relative amounts of Cu and of Zn accrued per unit body-weight gain were not constant during the development of the foetus. As foetal numbers increased the amounts of each metal deposited in the foetus decreased more rapidly than did foetal weight.7. The results are discussed in relation to the demands for Cu and Zn during pregnancy in sheep.

The effects of implanting prepuberal dairy heifers with anabolic steroids on live-weight gain, blood and urine composition and milk yield

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Little ◽  
R. M. Kay ◽  
D. J. Harwood ◽  
R. J. Heitzman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Urine Composition ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYTwenty-seven British Friesian heifer calves were housed as a group but fed individually barley-lucerne pellets according to a scale related to body weight. At 16 weeks and again at 31 weeks of age nine calves were implanted subcutaneously at the base of the ear with 300 mg trenbolone acetate (group T), nine calves were similarly implanted with 140 mg trenbolone acetate and 20 mg oestradiol-17/? (group TE) and the remaining nine calves were sham implanted (group C).As a result of increased feed conversion ratios, body-weight gains were significantly greater in group T (0–80 kg/day) and group TE (0–87 kg/day) than in group C (0–72 kg/ day) during the 15 weeks following the second implant, but there was no significant difference between groups following the first implant.Following both implants in groups T and TE the mean concentrations of urea and albumin in serum decreased, and that of globulin increased. The mean urea: creatinine ratio in the urine of animals in groups T and TE relative to that in group C also decreased.The heifers were served by an Aberdeen Angus bull at the first and, when they occurred, subsequent oestruses. Following calving the mean milk yields in the first lactation in group T (641 kg in 96 days) and group TE (1993 in 212 days) was considerably lower than in group C (3636 kg in 293 days). The udder size in both groups of animals treated with the anabolic steroids was markedly reduced. It is concluded that despite an improvement in feed conversion ratios and body-weight gains, trenbolone acetate should not be administered to prepuberal heifers which will be retained for breeding and milk production.

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