scholarly journals Endogenous nitrogen metabolism and plasma free amino acids in young adults given a ‘protein-free’ diet

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Young ◽  
N. S. Scrimshaw
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Protein Free Diet ◽  
Plasma Free Amino Acids

1. Variation in endogenous nitrogen metabolism was determined by giving eleven healthy men, aged 17–22, a diet supplying daily only 6 mg N/kg body-weight. Eight subjects were given the diet for 7–10 days and three other subjects were given it for 16 days.2. Body cell mass (BCM) was calculated from whole-body 40K in ten subjects and basal metabolism was determined in seven subjects during the ‘protein-free’ period. Urine was analysed daily for N and creatinine, and faecal N was measured in pooled samples. Plasma free amino acids, serum albumin and protein were measured in preprandial morning blood samples at the beginning and end of the study.3. BCM did not change during the ‘protein-free’ period and accounted for 48% of the total body-weight. Basal calorie expenditure amounted to 48 ± 5 kcal/kg BCM per day.4. Mean daily endogenous urinary N excretion in the eight subjects given the ‘protein-free’ diet for 7–10 days was 36·6 ± 3·0 mg N/kg body-weight, 79·4 ± 4·4 mg N/kg BCM and 1·6 ± 0·2 mg N/basal kcal. Endogenous faecal N excretion was 9·9 ± 1·1 mg N/kg body-weight and accounted for 20% of the total endogenous loss. Results obtained with three other subjects given the diet for 16 days were similar.5. Plasma essential amino acids were reduced, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine increased, and the ratio of essential to non-essential amino acids decreased after 7 or 10 days of ‘protein-free’ diet.6. The loss of endogenous N per basal kcal and of faecal N per kg body-weight was lower than the values assumed in the factorial approach to protein requirements by the FAO/WHO (1965) Expert Group on Protein Requirements.

scholarly journals Splanchnic-bed transfers of amino acids in sheep blood and plasma, as monitored through use of a multiple U-13C-labelled amino acid mixture

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Lobley ◽  
A. Connell ◽  
D. K. Revell ◽  
B. J. Bequette ◽  
D. S. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

AbstractThe response in whole-body and splanchnic tissue mass and isotope amino acid transfers in both plasma and blood has been studied in sheep offered 800 g lucerne (Medicago sutiva) pellets/d. Amino acid mass transfers were quantified over a 4 h period,by arterio-venous procedures, across the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver on day 5 of an intravenous infusion of either vehicle or the methylated products, choline (0.5 g/d) plus creatine (10 g/d). Isotopic movements were monitored over the same period during a 10 h infusion of a mixture of U-13C-labelled amino acids obtained from hydrolysis of labelled algal cells. Sixteen amino acids were monitored by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, with thirteen of these analysed within a single chromatographic analysis. Except for methionine, which is discussed in a previous paper, no significant effects of choline plus creatine infusion were observed on any of the variables reported. Whole-body protein irreversible-loss rates ranged from 158 to 245 g/d for the essential amino acids, based on the relative enrichments (dilution of the U-13C molecules by those unlabelled) of free amino acids in arterial plasma, and 206-519 g/d, when blood free amino acid relative enrichments were used for the calculations. Closer agreement was obtained between lysine, threonine, phenylalanine and the branched-chain amino acids. Plasma relative enrichments always exceeded those in blood (P < 0.001), possibly due to hydrolysis of peptides or degradation of protein within the erythrocyte or slow equilibration between plasma and the erythrocyte. Net absorbed amino acids across the PDV were carried predominantly in the plasma. Little evidence was obtained of any major and general involvement of the erythrocytes in the transport of free amino acids from the liver. Net isotope movements also supported these findings. Estimates of protein synthesis rates across the PDV tissues from [U-13C] leucine kinetics showed good agreement with previous values obtained with single-labelled leucine. Variable rates were obtained between the essential amino acids, probably due to different intracellular dilutions. Isotope dilution across the liver was small and could be attributed predominantly to uni-directional transfer from extracellular sources into the hepatocytes and this probably dominates the turnover of the intracellular hepatic amino acid pools.

scholarly journals The effect of glucose infusion on the plasma free amino acids in sheep

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. Offer ◽  
M. V. Tas ◽  
R. F. E. Axford ◽  
R. A. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Effect Of Glucose ◽  
Plasma Free Amino Acids

1. Glucose in solution in saline, or saline alone, was administered to a group of twenty ewes during late pregnancy and again after lambing. Sequential blood samples were taken before and after the infusion and the concentration of plasma free amino acids was determined.2. The effect of glucose was to reduce the concentrations of all amino acids except alanine. The reduction was greatest for tryptophan in the pregnant sheep, but this amino acid showed no significant change in the lactating animals.3. An attempt to rank the amino acids on the basis of their response to glucose infusion indicated that, with the exception of tryptophan for the preparturient ewes, groups of essential amino acids could not be distinguished from each other. These groups were, for the preparturient sheep, valine, leucine, phenylalanine and isoleucine, and for the postparturient animals, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, valine and phenylalanine.

The Level of Plasma Free Amino Acids in Children with Acute Diseases (Part I)

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-54
Author(s):  
Teruo Honda ◽  
Naoya Morishima ◽  
Tetsuhiko Matsuno ◽  
Toshihiko Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Plasma Free Amino Acids

scholarly journals Association of plasma free amino acids with hyperuricemia in relation to diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension and metabolic syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Mahbub ◽  
Natsu Yamaguchi ◽  
Hidekazu Takahashi ◽  
Ryosuke Hase ◽  
Yasutaka Ishimaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Plasma Free Amino Acids

Free Amino Acids in Citrullus vulgaris (Watermelon)

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 879-879
Author(s):  
T. A. TEDESCO ◽  
S. A. BENFORD ◽  
R. C. FOSTER ◽  
L. A. BARNESS
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
Citrullus Vulgaris ◽  
Keto Acids ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Cycle Disorders

To the Editor.— Currently accepted dietary management of citrullinemia and other urea cycle disorders includes protein restriction, sodium benzoate, and dietary supplements of keto acids or essential amino acids with postblock intermediates such as arginine in citrullinemia and arginino-succinic aciduria. When a child survives the neonatal period on such a regimen and solid foods are introduced into the diet, there is at least one fruit that should be avoided, Citrullus Vulgaris, commonly known as watermelon. Quantitation of free amino acids extracted from 1 g wet weight of watermelon fruit yielded the following (in mmoles per gram wet weight): Phenylalanine, 1.25; histidine, 0.24; tryptophan, 0.35; lysine, 0.82; ornithine, 0.32; arginine, 11.36; aspartic acid, 0.97; threonine, 0.74; serine, 1.05; glutamine, 3.86; glutamic acid, 1.38; citrulline, 23.68; alanine, 1.15; valine, 0.17; isoleucine, 1.24; leucine, 0.24.

Plasma free amino acids in the chronically uremic rat

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mannan ◽  
L.I. Wiebe ◽  
A.A. Noujaim ◽  
D.C. Secord
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Plasma Free Amino Acids

Early alterations of plasma free amino acids in chronic renal failure

1990 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ceballos ◽  
P. Chauveau ◽  
V. Guerin ◽  
J. Bardet ◽  
P. Parvy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Plasma Free Amino Acids

Plasma Free Amino Acids of Children Consuming as Diet with Uneven Distribution of Protein Relative to Energy

1976 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Maclean ◽  
Robert P. Placko ◽  
George G. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Uneven Distribution ◽  
Plasma Free Amino Acids
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