scholarly journals Changes in skinfolds during pregnancy

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan R. Taggart ◽  
Ruth M. Holliday ◽  
W. Z. Billewicz ◽  
F. E. Hytten ◽  
A. M. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Consistent Manner ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Highly Correlated

1. Skinfold thicknesses at seven sites were measured during and after pregnancy in eighty- four women; in forty-eight of these, total body water was measured concurrently.2. Early in pregnancy (10 weeks) the skinfold measurements were highly correlated with each other and with maternal weight, ratio of observed weight to standard weight-for-height,‘dry’ (water-free) weight, and with calculated estimates of body fat.3. At nearly all sites, skinfold thicknesses increased up to about 30 weeks of pregnancy. Increases were greater at ‘central’ and least at ‘peripheral’ sites, and were not proportional to the initial skinfold thickness.4. From 30 to 38 weeks of pregnancy, the patterns were variable: the mid-thigh skinfold continued to increase and at the other sites there was little change or a decrease.5. All sites decreased by a surprisingly large amount between 38 weeks of pregnancy and the end of the first post-partum week. The evidence suggests that this change, which was not related to the presence or absence of oedema, occurred about the time of parturition.6. From the end of the first post-partum week to 6–8 weeks post partum, the changes were again variable.7. The increase of skinfolds during pregnancy was greater in underweight than in overweight women, and in primiparae than in multiparae. The pattern of change was not affected in any consistent manner by oedema.8. The changes in skinfold thicknesses during pregnancy, especially up to about 30 weeks, showed patterns similar to those of total body-weight and ‘dry’ body-weight. A formula is given by means of which ‘dry’ weight can be predicted from five skinfolds, height and duration of gestation.

scholarly journals PDE9 Inhibition By IMR-687 Improves Markers of Beta-Thalassemia in the Hbb th1/th1 Experimental Mouse Model

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 945-945
Author(s):  
Thiago Trovati Maciel ◽  
Caroline Carvalho ◽  
Rachel Rignault ◽  
Slimane Allali ◽  
Biree Andemariam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Flow Cytometry Analysis ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Introduction Hbb th1/th1 mice lack functional beta-globin, leading to decreased hemoglobin (Hb) production, decreased mature red blood cells (RBCs), and ineffective erythropoiesis. The model mimics several of the pathological changes seen in beta-thalassemia. IMR-687 (tovinontrine) is a highly selective phosphodiesterase-9 (PDE9) inhibitor which increases intracellular cGMP. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of IMR-687 on markers of beta-thalassemia in the Hbb th1/th1 mouse model. Methods Eighteen Hbb th1/th1 mice were divided into three groups of six animals each and dosed once daily, by gavage, for 30 days with IMR-687 at 30 or 60 mg/kg/day or vehicle control. On day 30, blood was collected for routine hematology including measurement of Hb, reticulocytes and RBCs, and spleen tissue was dissociated to assess erythrocyte differentiation using flow cytometry analysis of immature (Ery.B: Ter119 highCD71 highFSC low) and mature (Ery.C: Ter119 highCD71 lowFSC low) erythroblast populations. Animals were observed daily for mortality and measured for total body weight (Day 0 and Day 30) and spleen to body weight ratio at necropsy (Day 30). Results After 30 days of treatment, the groups of mice treated with IMR-687 at 30 or 60 mg/kg/day showed a mean increase in Hb of 1.0 g/dL (p<0.05) and 1.5 g/dL (p<0.01), respectively, relative to vehicle controls. RBCs showed a statistically significant increase (p<0.05) following treatment with IMR-687 at 30 or 60 mg/kg/day (6.9 and 7.2 x10 6 cells/ml, respectively) relative to vehicle (6.2 x10 6 cells/ml). The number of reticulocytes decreased after treatment with IMR-687 (only in the 30 mg/kg/day group, 1.8 x10 6 cells/ml, p<0.05) relative to vehicle (2.2 x10 6 cells/ml). Flow cytometry analysis of spleens showed that both doses of IMR-687 increased (p<0.05) the percentage of Ery.C cells (24.2% and 28.5% in 30 and 60 mg/kg/day, respectively) relative to vehicle (16.6%,) and decreased (p<0.05) the percentage of Ery.B cells (38.4% and 36.9% in 30 and 60 mg/kg/day, respectively) relative to vehicle (43.5%), resulting in a maturation ratio (Ery.B/Ery.C) that favored mature RBCs. There were no deaths nor any significant differences in total body weight or spleen to body weight ratio in animals treated with IMR-687 relative to vehicle controls. Conclusions Administration of IMR-687 at 30 or 60 mg/kg/day for 30 days improved markers of disease progression in a mouse model of beta-thalassemia, as shown by a statistically significant increase in Hb and RBCs and decrease in reticulocytes as well as improved differentiation of splenic erythroblasts. Both dose levels of IMR-687 were well tolerated with no treatment-related deaths or abnormal clinical signs. These results support a role for IMR-687 in beta-thalassemia by enabling RBC maturation and improving ineffective erythropoiesis, key components in ameliorating disease pathology. Clinical testing of IMR-687 (up to 400 mg) as a once daily, oral tablet is currently ongoing in a Phase 2 study of patients with beta-thalassemia (NCT04411082). Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Maciel: Imara Inc.: Research Funding. Carvalho: Imara Inc.: Research Funding. Rignault: Imara Inc.: Research Funding. Allali: Imara Inc.: Research Funding. OCain: Imara Inc.: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Ballal: Imara Inc.: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company.

Cardiac and renal hyperplasia in newborn spontaneously hypertensive rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Kunes ◽  
Stephen C. Pang ◽  
Marc Cantin ◽  
Jacques Genest ◽  
P. Hamet
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Relative Dna Content ◽  
Wistar Kyoto ◽  
Total Body

1. Cardiac hyperplasia in newborn spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) has been noted by our group as well as by other investigators. The present study was designed to establish whether early (neonatal) hyperplasia is confined to the heart or is a generalized phenomenon in this hypertensive model. 2. The ventricles, kidney and liver of newborn SHR, Wistar and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were analysed for their protein and DNA content. 3. Total organ weight and the organ/body weight ratio of the heart and kidney but not of the liver were significantly greater in the SHR than in the control rats, irrespective of total body weight. 4. The higher relative DNA content (per 100 mg of tissue or 100 g body weight) indicated that hyperplasia rather than hypertrophy was responsible for the enlarged heart as well as the kidney of newborn SHR. 5. The cause of this selective cardiac and renal hyperplasia is not yet known: it may be due to putative ‘haemodynamic growth stimuli’, an intrinsic genetic abnormality of cells in the heart and kidney, circulating growth-promoting factors, or innervation.

ÉTUDE BIOCHIMIQUE DE LA MÉTAMORPHOSE DE TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM DUVAL (COLÉOPTÈRE: TÉNÉBRIONIDAE): I. VARIATIONS DU POIDS CORPOREL, DE L'HUMIDITÉ, DE LA MATIÈRE SÈCHE ET DES CENDRES TOTALES

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Huot ◽  
J.-L. Villeneuve ◽  
R. Bernard ◽  
A. Lemonde
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Tribolium Confusum ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Prepupal Stage ◽  
Poids Corporel ◽  
Total Body

The variations in the total body weight, water content, dry weight, and total ash of Tribolium confusum during metamorphosis are reported. A drop in total body weight before the insect enters pupation is observed. The pupal stage shows a moderate but sustained decrease in body weight followed by a further large one at emergence. Though the water content falls during the prepupal stage and at the emergence, there is a moderate increase in the water content during the pupal stage. These changes show that the pupae utilize the reserves accumulated during the larval stage. Variations in both dry weight and total body weight are similar. A study of simple correlation of these variables is discussed. The elimination in the prepupal stage of a large amount of the inorganic constituents (ash) is noticed. During the pupal stage, total ash remains constant while at emergence, there is a slight fall.

scholarly journals Lean body weight versus total body weight to calculate the iodinated contrast media volume in abdominal CT: a randomised controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moreno Zanardo ◽  
Fabio Martino Doniselli ◽  
Anastassia Esseridou ◽  
Massimiliano Agrò ◽  
Nicol Antonina Rita Panarisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Lean Body Weight ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
Abdominal Ct ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Objectives Iodinated contrast media (ICM) could be more appropriately dosed on patient lean body weight (LBW) than on total body weight (TBW). Methods After Ethics Committee approval, trial registration NCT03384979, patients aged ≥ 18 years scheduled for multiphasic abdominal CT were randomised for ICM dose to LBW group (0.63 gI/kg of LBW) or TBW group (0.44 gI/kg of TBW). Abdominal 64-row CT was performed using 120 kVp, 100–200 mAs, rotation time 0.5 s, pitch 1, Iopamidol (370 mgI/mL), and flow rate 3 mL/s. Levene, Mann–Whitney U, and χ2 tests were used. The primary endpoint was liver contrast enhancement (LCE). Results Of 335 enrolled patients, 17 were screening failures; 44 dropped out after randomisation; 274 patients were analysed (133 LBW group, 141 TBW group). The median age of LBW group (66 years) was slightly lower than that of TBW group (70 years). Although the median ICM-injected volume was comparable between groups, its variability was larger in the former (interquartile range 27 mL versus 21 mL, p = 0.01). The same was for unenhanced liver density (IQR 10 versus 7 HU) (p = 0.02). Median LCE was 40 (35–46) HU in the LBW group and 40 (35–44) HU in the TBW group, without significant difference for median (p = 0.41) and variability (p = 0.23). Suboptimal LCE (< 40 HU) was found in 64/133 (48%) patients in the LBW group and 69/141 (49%) in the TBW group, but no examination needed repeating. Conclusions The calculation of the ICM volume to be administered for abdominal CT based on the LBW does not imply a more consistent LCE.

Increases in adipose and total body weight, but not in lean body mass, associated with subcutaneous administration of Sonic hedgehog-Ig fusion protein to mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline L. Martin ◽  
Joan Lane ◽  
Louise Pouliot ◽  
Malcolm Gains ◽  
Rudolph Stejskal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Total Body

Effects of the teratogenic folic acid antagonist, 9-methyl pteroylglutamic acid, on hydroxyproline levels in fetal rat limbs

Development ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-294
Author(s):  
R. R. Schmidt ◽  
K. P. Chepenik ◽  
B. V. Paynton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Skeletal Malformations ◽  
Fetal Rat ◽  
Pteroylglutamic Acid ◽  
Limb Malformations ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Rate Of Accumulation

Pregnant rats were subjected to either a folic-acid-deficient regimen that produces multiple congenital skeletal malformations, or a control folic-acid-supplemented regimen. Fetal limbs were extirpated on days 16 and 18 of gestation, pooled from each litter, homogenized, and aliquots set aside for hydroxyproline, protein and DNA determinations. We found that (1) the amount of protein recovered per treated limb was approximately half that of controls on both days, (2) the amount of protein recovered per treated or controlday-18 limb was twice that of a day-16 limb, (3) treated limbs constituted the same percentage of total body weight as in controls on day 16, but a smaller percentage than in controls on day 18, and (4) the concentration of hydroxyproline (μg/mg protein) was significantly less for treated limbs than for controls on day 18 of gestation. We noted also that: (1) lowest hydroxyproline concentrations were found in limbs from treated fetuses with gross limb malformations, (2) intermediate concentrations were found in limbs of treated fetuses not exhibiting gross limb malformations, and (3) highest concentrations were found in control limbs. We suggest that the treatment resulted in (1) a decreased rate of accumulation of protein in limbs prior to day 16, but not from day 16 to day 18, (2) a decreased rate of accumulation of some non-protein component(s) in treated limbs from day 16 to day 18, and (3) an altered collagen metabolism.

scholarly journals Growth and body weight of free-range reindeer in western Alaska

Rangifer ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg L. Finstad ◽  
Alexander K. Prichard
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Reproductive Females ◽  
Average Body

Total body weight of 9749 reindeer calves and 4798 adult reindeer were measured from 1984 to 1999 on the Seward Peninsula, western Alaska, USA. Growth rates of male and female calves, and annual growth patterns of adults were determined. Male calves grew faster than female calves. Reproductive females were lighter than non-reproductive females during summer but there was no effect of reproduction on average body weights the following winter. Adult males age 3-5 were heavier during summer than winter. Castrated males weighed the same as uncastrated males in summer, but were significantly heavier in winter, and did not display the large annual fluctuations in weight typical of reproductive males and females. Growth rates were higher and body weights greater in this herd than many other cir-cumpolar reindeer populations. We suggest these kinds of physiological indices should be used to monitor the possible effects of spatial and temporal variation in population density and to evaluate changes in herding practices.

scholarly journals SUN-543 Real World Evidence of Successful Weight Management for the Obese Population: Complete Reversal of Obesity Related Metabolic Co-Morbidities and Weight Loss in Patients Attending a Multidisciplinary Weight Management Clinic in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Rock ◽  
Juliana Chen ◽  
Joanna Jaques ◽  
Bernard L Champion ◽  
Reginald V Lord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Total Body Weight Loss

Abstract Over 2.5 billion people worldwide are overweight or obese. Multidisciplinary weight management interventions have evolved to address the complexity of weight loss for those with one or more chronic diseases, and the trend of weight regain. The aim of these interventions is to encourage sustainable lifestyle changes, resulting in weight loss and weight maintenance and improvements in comorbidities. While some prospective clinical trials have demonstrated efficacy, results are often not reported by real life practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a Sydney based multidisciplinary weight management clinic with endocrinology, dietetics, exercise physiology, psychology, and bariatric surgical domains. All patients who attended the clinic for weight loss purposes between March 2017 and April 2019 were included (n=220). A retrospective chart review was conducted. Patient data on weight, BMI, waist circumference, body composition measurements, and selected blood test results and co-morbidities were analysed. All patient therapy included endocrinological input for co-morbidity identification and management, lifestyle intervention (dietetic and exercise physiology input) with optional adjunct pharmacotherapy or psychological counselling. Of the 220 cohort, 20 of the patients had sleeve gastrectomy. Patient retention in the clinic after the first consultation was 85% (n=186), a high rate within the weight management community. 59% of patients achieved a minimum of 5% total body weight loss, including 18% who achieved greater than 10% total body weight loss. Additionally, 31% of patients lost enough weight to decrease their BMI class by up to 2 or more classes. Of the gastric sleeve cohort average excess body weight loss was 32kg (21-56kg) enhanced by multidisciplinary care in the lead up to surgery. Across the cohort some patients completely reversed co-morbidities; including dyslipidaemia (n=1), hypertension (n=3), NAFLD (n=1), pre-diabetes (n=8) and type 2 diabetes (n=3), OSA (n=1). These results demonstrate that obesity is a chronic condition that can be successfully managed. We have demonstrated significant durable weight loss and improvement in metabolic co-morbidities with holistic coordinated care. Future directions include translating this model of care into standard practice in Australia and other countries where obesity to date not received the same coordinated approach as other chronic conditions.

Water Relationships of Aphis Fabae Scop. During Tethered Flight

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
A. J. COCKBAIN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Saturation Deficit ◽  
Tethered Flight ◽  
C 23 ◽  
Total Body

1. Water content varies from 64 to 73% of the total body weight and 72-76% of the fatless body weight of 24 hr. old unflown alatae of Aphis fabae. 2. Water loss during flight may be attributed to evaporation and excretion. A mean of 0.07 mg. water is lost per aphid during a 6 hr. tethered fligh a 25-26° C. and 57-82% R.H., corresponding to c. 9% body weight; at least 66% of the loss (c. 1% body weight/hr.) is by evaporation. 3. Excretion during fligh is not affected by relative humidity differences over the range 41-75% at 25%26° C., but the relative amounts of water lost during prolonged flight are inversely related to relative humidity, because of the effect of humidity on evaporation. 4. Proportion of water in he body does no change significantly during tethered fligh. Mean percentage water to total body weight increases from c. 68-69% during 6 hr.; mean percentage water to fatless body weight decreases from c. 74 to 73%. 5. Water loss is evidently not a limiting factor to fligh in atmospheres of saturation deficit less than c. 23 mm. Hg.

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