Termite colony ontogeny: a long-term assessment of reproductive lifespan, caste ratios and colony size in Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Long ◽  
B.L. Thorne ◽  
N.L. Breisch
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Social Insects ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Reticulitermes Flavipes ◽  
Field Source ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Replacement Reproductives ◽  
Colony Ontogeny

AbstractThirty Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) colonies established by alates collected from two separate field sites were raised in the laboratory for eight years. Twenty-one of the colonies were founded by alates from one field source and nine from another, providing demographic data from two unrelated parental lineages. Colony totals ranged from 3620 to 11641 individuals, with no significant difference in size between lineages. Soldier caste proportion of the colony total and mean wet weights for workers, soldiers and kings were significantly different between the two lineages. This suggests that at least a portion of the variability observed in caste ratios and body size may be heritable. One founding reproductive had died in five of the colonies (17%); none lost both parents. The queenless colonies contained exclusively female replacement reproductives (neotenics); the kingless colony contained a female-skewed mixture of male and female neotenics. All the nests that lost a founding parent contained significantly more pre-alate nymphs than the nests with both a king and a queen. Comparisons with published reports of ontogenetic patterns in other termites and social insects are discussed.

Termite colony ontogeny: supplemental data in the long-term assessment of reproductive lifespan, female neotenic production and colony size in Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Long ◽  
B.L. Thorne ◽  
N.L. Breisch
Keyword(s):  
Colony Size ◽  
Cluster Size ◽  
Reticulitermes Flavipes ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
Reproductive Biomass ◽  
Replacement Reproductives ◽  
Colony Ontogeny

AbstractReticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) colonies established by field-collected alates were reared in the laboratory for 11 years. Weights of members of each caste and full-colony censuses were performed regularly; the most recent 2003–2004 data are reported. Colonies averaged 11623.5±910 individuals, and with the exception of primary queens from one genetic lineage, mean weights for all castes had increased since 2001. Female replacement reproductives, or neotenics, developed to replace dead queens in clusters of either few, large individuals or many, small individuals. Regardless of cluster size, female neotenics comprised more reproductive biomass per colony than primary queens. The number and size of female neotenics was independent of colony size or time elapsed since a founding queen's death.

scholarly journals The Composition of the Blood of the Shore Crab, Carcinus Moenas Pennant, in Relation to Sex and Body Size

1959 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
A. B. GILBERT
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Shore Crab ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Blood Conductivity ◽  
Significant Difference

1. The influence of body size and sex on the total osmotic pressure (O.P.) and blood conductivity of the shore crab was investigated. 2. In both sexes the O.P. fell steadily as body weight increased. 3. At any body weight the O.P. of the blood of male crabs was significantly higher that that of females. 4. Blood conductivity increased in both sexes until a maximum was reached at a weight of about 35 g. Thereafter the conductivity fell as the weight increased. 5. There was no significant difference in blood conductivity between male and female crabs below 35 g. body weight. Above 35 g. the conductivity of males was significantly higher than that of females.

Differences in Social Desirability, Anxiety, and Introversion-Extraversion with Varying Lengths of Hospitalization

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-726
Author(s):  
William D. Leipold ◽  
Clifford S. Knutson
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Social Approval ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Length Of Hospitalization

114 male and female patients were assigned on the basis of length of hospitalization and given measures of introversion-extraversion, social desirability, and anxiety in order to compare the personality characteristics shown by patients having various durations of hospitalization. Need for social approval increased with increased length of hospitalization. Anxiety diminished with increase in duration of hospitalization while no significant difference was noted on the basis of introversion-extraversion. The implication of these results was discussed in terms of effect of long-term hospitalization upon the patients personality, with the caution that the variable of length of stay may be confounded with degree of illness.

Association between diabetes mellitus and periodontal health

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 1743-1749
Author(s):  
Santhosh T ◽  
Sankari Malaiappan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, highly prevalent almost around 10-15% of adults. Periodontitis is a group of chronic, progressive bacterial infections causing inflammation and destruction of supporting structures of teeth and has multiple factors affecting the quality of an individual's life. Diabetes is also a chronic inflammatory disease. Both diseases share a common platform in disease pathogenesis, a periodontal abscess is the sixth complication of diabetes, and there is clear evidence showing the relationship between periodontitis and diabetes Overall no clear evidence and studies which correlate diabetes and periodontal parameters. This study aims to compare blood sugar levels with demographic data age, gender and to assess the association between periodontal severity with diabetic status. Results: Periodontal severity was found to be greater in both male and female with diabetic Mellitus. 39 out of 52 subjects have generalized chronic periodontitis, and 13 was found to have localized chronic periodontitis. The age group of (50-70) years had high severity of clinical attachment loss. No significant difference between male and female on periodontal severity was found. Conclusion: This study concludes the age group of 50-60 years more prevalent among diabetes with periodontitis. The male is more affected by diabetes and periodontitis. The association between periodontal severity (CAL, PD) increases with an increase in blood sugar level was statistically significant.

Short- versus Long-term Stenting in Children with Subglottic Stenosis Undergoing Laryngotracheal Reconstruction

2017 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Smith ◽  
Alessandro de Alarcon ◽  
Niall D. Jefferson ◽  
Meredith E. Tabangin ◽  
Michael J. Rutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Subglottic Stenosis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Laryngotracheal Reconstruction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Outcomes For Children

Objectives Suprastomal stents are routinely used in laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) to stabilize grafts and provide framework to sites of repair. However, the duration of stenting varies according to patient history and physician preference. We examined outcomes of short- versus long-term stenting in children with subglottic stenosis (SGS) undergoing LTR. Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting Tertiary care pediatric hospital. Subjects and Methods Thirty-six children <18 years old who underwent double-stage LTR for SGS from January 2012 to January 2015 were included. Demographic data, stenosis grade, and decannulation rates were compared between children with short-term stenting (≤21 days; n = 14) and those with long-term stenting (>21 days; n = 22). Results No significant difference between groups was seen for sex, age, race, or previous repair. Children in the short-term group were stented for 10.9 ± 4.9 days, compared with 44.0 ± 10.6 for those long-term ( P < .0001). A similar number of children with short- versus long-term stents had grade 3/4 stenosis preoperatively (71.4% vs 77.2%). Although time to decannulation was not significantly different, 72.7% of children with long-term stents were decannulated, as opposed to 35.7% with short-term stents ( P = .03). After adjusting for grade at surgery and age, children with long-term stents had 4.3 greater odds (95% CI, 1.0-18.3) of decannulation than children with short-term stents. Conclusions Children with long-term stenting were more likely to be successfully decannulated. Although long-term stenting improved outcomes for children with SGS, additional research is needed to better define ideal candidates for short- versus long-term stenting.

scholarly journals Association of long term sodium valproate monotherapy and vitamin D3 levels in epileptic children

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
Anum Shah ◽  
Imran Mahmood Khan ◽  
Sajid Hussain Sherazi ◽  
Taniah Ashfaq ◽  
Sajid Hussain Shah
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Epileptic Children ◽  
Vitamin D3 Deficiency

Objective: To determine the association of long term sodium valproate monotherapy and vitamin D3 levels in epileptic children Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, Children Hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad for six months from 15th February 2019 to 14th August 2019. A total of one hundred and thirty (n=130) children and adolescents of either gender between age 3-18 years who had a history of two seizures at least 24 hours apart in their life and were on sodium valproate monotherapy for more than one year were enrolled in this study through non-probability, consecutive sampling. Serum vitamin D3 (25-hydroxy vitamin D) levels were measured in all the patients at the time of enrolment into the study. All the demographic data and laboratory investigations were entered on the predesigned proforma and analyzed through SPSS version 17. Results: Vitamin D3 deficiency was found in 47 (36.2%) children which were significantly higher among patients with older age and longer duration of treatment (P<0.05) while gender and BMI of the patients did not show any significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: Significant percentage of epileptic children on sodium valproate monotherapy was found to have vitamin D3 deficiency. Therefore we recommend routine screening of vitamin D3 deficiency in all the epileptic children on long-term sodium valproate therapy followed by vitamin D supplementation in deficient patients.  

scholarly journals Delayed measles mortality among exposed children who survived the epidemic of 1714–15 in New France

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Mazan
Keyword(s):  
New France ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Delayed Mortality ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Long Term Mortality

This follow-up study examines delayed mortality of children under age 5 who were exposed to measles and survived the acute phase ofthe 1714–15 epidemic in Quebec. The objective of the study was to assess whether exposed children had higher long-term mortality thanunexposed children, by following them for 25 months past the estimated date of infection. Overall, children exposed before age 3 had higher long-term mortality than unexposed children. The difference remained significant while assessing other risk factors. Delayed mortality also varied by age and sex. Only exposed female infants had a significantly higher risk of dying, while both exposed male and female toddlers had higher mortality. No significant difference was found among children exposed after age 3. Findings are explained in terms of modern post-measles studies in Africa and of previous measles studies in New France.

scholarly journals Focusing on the Place Model for Optometrists

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Julie F McClelland ◽  
Karen Breslin
Keyword(s):  
Career Pathways ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
The Public ◽  
Career Trajectories ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Development Methods

Background: The Place Model was developed in order to conceptualize the various roles and career pathways of the teaching profession. It can be used to evaluate long-term professional career trajectories and to encourage the student-teacher to visualize their future personal and professional development. Methods: In the present study, the Place Model has been applied to the Optometric profession. The four categories of the place model have been discussed in terms of Optometry and a survey of undergraduate Optometrists highlights the perception of the model amongst pre-qualified professionals. Results: The majority of participants placed qualified optometrists in the Professional area on the Place Model (87%, n = 88) with the remainder placing qualified optometrists in the De-Professional area on the Place Model (13%, n = 13). There was no statistically significant difference between responses from male and female participants (t-test, p = 0.38). There was also no statistically significant difference between responses from participants in year 1, 2 or 3 of their undergraduate program (one-way analysis of variance [ANOVA], p = 0.10). Conclusion: The Place Model may be an opportunity to discuss with Optometry students their future career pathways and to ensure that we maintain a highly skilled and caring profession that provides high quality eyecare for the public.

Effects of short-term and long-term androgen treatment on the diaphragm in male and female rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 1140-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Prezant ◽  
D. E. Valentine ◽  
E. I. Gentry ◽  
B. Richner ◽  
J. Cahill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Testosterone Treatment ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference

The effects of short-term (2.5 wk) and long-term (10 wk) testosterone propionate (2.5 mg/day; 5 days/wk) treatment on diaphragm contractility, fatigue resistance, and fiber type proportions were studied in male and female rats. Contractility and fatigue resistance indexes were measured in an in vitro diaphragm costal strip preparation by direct stimulation at 37 degrees C. The fatigue paradigm consisted of 30 trains/min at 5 Hz (50% duty cycle) for 10 min. Fatigue resistance indexes were calculated as postfatigue divided by baseline forces. In females but not males, testosterone treatment produced significant increases in body weight, costal diaphragm weight, and contractility and significant decreases in fatigue resistance indexes. The interaction between testosterone treatment and the duration of treatment was significant, with the increase in contractility (females) being significant after short-term but not long-term treatment. No significant difference in fiber type proportions or areas was observed, regardless of treatment duration or the preexperimental, basal circulating level of androgen.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Frequency of Adverse Effects in Patients Treated with Favipiravir as SARS-CoV-2 Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ebru Dogan ◽  
Sevil Alkan Çeviker ◽  
Servan Vurucu ◽  
Alper Sener ◽  
Buse Yuksel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cardiac Side Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gastrointestinal Side Effects ◽  
Treatment Agent

Objective: For 2019 and 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has been a sensational virus. Unfortunately, a treatment agent specific for SARS-CoV-2 has not been developed yet. Favipiravir is one of the antiviral agents used experimentally in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to determine the frequency of side effects seen in patients hospitalized in our hospital and received favipiravir at any stage of their treatment. Methods: Our study is a retrospective observational study. Definite and probable COVID-19 cases hospitalized in our hospital between March 23, 2020, May 31, 2020, were determined, and those receiving favipiravir as initial or secondary therapy were included in the study. The demographic data, laboratory tests, observed side effects of the patients were recorded and analyzed statistically. Results: A total of 134 patients, 37.3% using favipiravir at the beginning and 62.7% as secondary, were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 66.8±15.7 years. 38.1% (n=51) of the group were female. Side effects were detected in 17 (13%) patients in the whole group. Hepatotoxicity (4.5%), increased serum uric acid (4.5%), nephrotoxicity (1.5%), gastrointestinal side effects (1.5%), cardiac side effects (0.7%) were detected. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of adverse events between the patients who received favipiravir initially or later on disease course. Conclusions: Although some results support the short-term safety of favipiravir, more studies are needed for its long-term effects. Studies on hyperuricemia, QTc prolongation, use in pregnancy, use during lactation and use in children are insufficient. Therefore, although Favipiravir appears to be a good alternative in the treatment of COVID-19, it should be used carefully because the data on its safety is still insufficient.

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