Female sex pheromone of brinjal fruit and shoot borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): trap optimization and application in IPM trials

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cork ◽  
S.N. Alam ◽  
F.M.A. Rouf ◽  
N.S. Talekar
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Leucinodes Orbonalis ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractDelta and wing traps baited with synthetic female sex pheromone of Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée were found to catch and retain ten times more moths than either Spodoptera or uni-trap designs. Locally-produced water and funnel traps were as effective as delta traps, although ‘windows’ cut in the side panels of delta traps significantly increased trap catch from 0.4 to 2.3 moths per trap per night. Trap catch was found to be proportional to the radius of sticky disc traps in the range 5–20 cm radius, discs with a 2.5 cm radius caught no moths. Wing traps placed at crop height caught significantly more moths than traps placed 0.5 m above or below the crop canopy. Replicated integrated pest management (IPM) trials (3 × 0.5 ha per treatment) were conducted in farmers fields with young and mature eggplant crops. Farmers applied insecticides at least three times a week in all check and IPM plots. In addition pheromone traps were placed out at a density of 100 per ha and infested shoots removed weekly in the 0.5 ha IPM plots. Pheromone trap catches were reduced significantly from 2.0 to 0.4 moths per trap per night respectively in check and IPM plots in a young crop and 1.1 to 0.3 moths per trap per night in check and IPM plots respectively in a mature crop. Fruit damage was significantly reduced from an average of 41.8% and 51.2% in check plots of young and mature crops respectively to 22% and 26.4 respectively in the associated IPM plots. Significant differences in pheromone trap catches and fruit damage were attained four and two weeks respectively after IPM treatments began in the mature crop whereas in the immature crop significant differences were not observed for the first eight to nine weeks respectively. The relative impact of removing infested shoots and mass trapping on L. orbonalis larval populations was not established in these trials but in both cases there was an estimated increase of approximately 50% in marketable fruit obtained by the combination of control techniques compared to insecticide treatment alone.

Field investigation of an attracticide control technique using the sex pheromone of the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C.A. Downham ◽  
L.J. McVeigh ◽  
G.M. Moawad
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Spodoptera Littoralis ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractA series of trials examining the feasibility of an attracticide technique for control of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) are described. The technique combined the sex pheromone of S. littoralis with pyrethroid insecticide, λ-cyhalothrin, in 500 point-sources/ha at low rates of application of both components. It was envisaged that male moths would be attracted to contact the sources and subsequently suffer lethal or sub-lethal effects which would prevent mating. The pheromone was applied either as a sprayable microencapsulated (MC) formulation or in polyvinyl-chloride lures; emulsifiable concentrate and MC formulations of the insecticide were employed. Treatments were assessed by monitoring pheromone trap catches, mating of tethered females and, in one trial, numbers of eggmasses found in experimental areas. Mating levels and trap-catch in treatment plots were siginificantly reduced, compared to controls, for periods up to 5 and 24 nights after treatment, respectively. However despite a continuous period of mating suppression, achieved by repeated applications, no treatment-related reduction in egg-masses was observed. Two trials compared attracticide with mating-disruption treatments in which the insecticide was omitted. Similar levels of mating and trap-catch suppression were observed in the two treatments. It was concluded that the mating suppression observed in attracticide plots was due principally to disruption of chemical communication between the sexes, not to male mortality arising from contact with the insecticide sources. None of the attracticide treatments represented a viable control technique. Other practical and theoretical considerations arising from the results are discussed.

Identification and Field Evaluation of the Female Sex Pheromone of the Sand Salix Carpenterworm, Holcocerus arenicola Staudinger (Lepidoptera: Cossidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyuan Jing ◽  
Jintong Zhang ◽  
Youqing Luo ◽  
Shixiang Zong ◽  
Peihua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Carpenterworm Moth ◽  
Trap Catches

Extracts of female sex pheromone glands of the sand Salix carpenterworm moth, Holcocerus arenicola, a serious pest of desert thicket, were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on comparison of retention times and mass spectra of synthetic standards, four compounds were identifi ed as cis-7-tetradecen-1-ol (Z7 - 14:OH), cis-5-tetradecen-1-yl acetate (Z5 - 14:OAc), cis-7-tetradecen- 1-yl acetate (Z7 - 14:OAc), and cis-9-hexadecen-1-yl acetate (Z9 - 16:OAc) with the ratio of 24:39:100:43. Electroantennographic (EAG) analyses of these standard chemicals and their analogues showed that Z7 - 14:OAc elicited the largest male EAG response, followed by Z5 - 14:OAc and Z9 - 16:OAc. In fi eld trials, traps baited with either Z7 - 14:OAc or Z5 - 14:OAc captured males while Z7 - 14:OH-, Z9 - 16:OAc- or solvent-baited traps caught no males. Z7 - 14:OAc as a single component was signifi cantly more attractive than Z5 - 14:OAc alone. The combination of Z7 - 14:OAc and Z5 - 14:OAc showed an evidently synergistic effect and attracted much more males than the individual compounds in the field. Addition of Z7 - 14:OH to the blend of Z7 - 14:OAc and Z5 - 14:OAc enhanced slightly the trap catches. We conclude that the major components of the sex pheromone of H. arenicola are Z7 - 14:OAc and Z5 - 14:OAc. Currently, a triangle trap baited with the synthetic compounds Z7 - 14:OAc, Z5 - 14:OAc, and Z7 - 14:OH in a 1:0.4:0.25 ratio at 825 μg/trap dosage can be effectively used to monitor the H. arenicola population level and catch the males within the desert regions in China.

FACTORS AFFECTING CAPTURE OF MALE RED PINE CONE BEETLES, CONOPHTHORUS RESINOSAE HOPKINS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE), IN PHEROMONE TRAPS

1995 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter de Groot ◽  
Bert F. Zylstra
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractThe monoterpenes (±)-α-pinene, (1S)-(−)-β-pinene, (R)-(+)-limonene, and myrcene did not enhance the catch of red pine cone beetle, Conophthorus resinosae, in traps baited with the female sex pheromone, (±)-trans-pityol. Traps placed in the upper half of the tree’s crown caught significantly more beetles than those hung from the tree’s trunk 2 m above ground. No significant differences in trap catches were found among standard yellow Japanese beetle trap tops and those painted red, green, blue, white, black, or yellow.

The influence of behaviour modifying chemicals on mating success of the red bollworm Diparopsis castanea Hmps. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in Malawi

1976 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Synthetic Sex Pheromone ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractThe synthetic sex pheromone (dicastalure) of the red bollworm of cotton, Diparopsis castanea Hmps., in Central and Southern Africa, and an inhibitor of male sexual attraction (trans-9-dodecenyl acetate,=IIA), were used in an enclosed 0·2 ha cotton field-cage to reduce successful female matings. Over one month dicastalure at 21·0 and 42·3 g/ha produced average reductions in mating of 47·9% and 72·5% respectively and 37·9 g IIA/ha produced an overall reduction in mating of 71·5%, or 79·5% in released moth populations, over the same period. The proportion of virgin females present in disruption situations was significantly greater than in untreated populations and was density-independent for moth populations of up to 2 200/ha. The proportion of fertile eggs in disruption situations was correspondingly reduced to 30·2% from an average of 67·9% in control cycles. Reduction in sex pheromone trap catches is an unsatisfactory indicator of the extent to which males are prevented from inseminating females and considerably over-estimates the true degree of disruption. This is the first time that a naturally occurring inhibitor has been used successfully to disrupt mating in a field population of insects and it indicates the potential of the method for the control of high density pest populations in cotton. However, use of polyethylene dispensing mechanisms similar to those used in the field-cage disruption experiments would be unsuitable as a practical method of dispensing behaviour modifying chemicals and it is suggested that, for suitably controlled release of such chemicals, currently available microencapsulation technology offers the best prospects.

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