Descriptions of theAnopheles(Cellia)farauticomplex of sibling species (Diptera: Culicidae) in Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.R. Schmidt ◽  
D.H. Foley ◽  
G.F. Hartel ◽  
G.M. Williams ◽  
J.H. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Species ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Morphological Markers ◽  
Anopheles Farauti ◽  
Southwest Pacific ◽  
Adult Females

AbstractDescriptions of the three sibling species of theAnopheles farauticomplex in Australia,A. farautiLaveran (formerlyA. farautiNo. 1),A. hinesorumSchmidtsp.n. (formerlyA. farautiNo. 2) andA. torresiensisSchmidtsp.n. (formerlyA. farautiNo. 3) are provided. These species form a part of thepunctulatusgroup, which contains the major malaria vectors in the southwest Pacific. Morphological markers are described for adult females, fourth instar larvae and pupae which identify most specimens, and are in keys.

A morphological study of the Anopheles punctulatus group (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Solomon Islands, with a description of Anopheles (Cellia) irenicus Schmidt, sp.n.

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.R. Schmidt ◽  
D.H. Foley ◽  
H. Bugoro ◽  
J.H. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Morphological Markers ◽  
Southwest Pacific ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Anopheles Punctulatus

AbstractA description of Anopheles (Cellia) irenicus Schmidt, sp.n. (formerly A. farauti No. 7) is provided. This species is one of six recorded from the Solomon Islands within the A. punctulatus group, which contains the major vectors of the causative agents of malaria and lymphatic filariasis in the southwest Pacific. Morphological markers are described for adult females, fourth-instar larvae and pupae that identify most specimens of A. irenicus. Keys are presented to distinguish members of the A. punctulatus group in the Solomon Islands.

scholarly journals Anopheles (Cellia) rampae n. sp., alias chromosomal form K of the Oriental Maculatus Group (Diptera: Culicidae) in Southeast Asia

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2810 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRADYA SOMBOON ◽  
DAMRONGPAN THONGWAT ◽  
RALPH E. HARBACH
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Fourth Instar Larva ◽  
Chromosomal Form ◽  
Oriental Region ◽  
As Species

Chromosomal form K (also known as species K) of the Anopheles maculatus group of sibling species in the Oriental Region is diagnosed and formally named An. (Cellia) rampae Harbach & Somboon, n. sp. The male genitalia, pupa and fourth-instar larva are illustrated and information is provided on the morphology, systematics, bionomics and distribution of the species.

scholarly journals The Systematics and Bionomics of Malaria Vectors in the Southwest Pacific

10.5772/55999 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel W. Beebe ◽  
Tanya L. Russell ◽  
Thomas R. Burkot ◽  
Neil F. Lobo ◽  
Robert D. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Southwest Pacific

Comparative studies on sibling species of the Anopheles gambiae Giles complex (Dipt., Culicidae): bionomics and vectorial activity of species A and species B at Segera, Tanzania

1972 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. White ◽  
S. A. Magayuka ◽  
P. F. L. Boreham
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Daily Survival Rate ◽  
Filarial Infection ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Biting Rate ◽  
Short Rains ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae Giles

Collections of Anopheles gambiae Giles complex, A. funestus Giles group and other mosquitoes were made by spray-catch from twelve catching stations indoors and by hand-catch from pit shelters at two catching stations at Segera, Tanzania, between January 1970 and June 1971. Females of A. gambiae were identified cytotaxonomically as sibling species A or B of the complex. In houses during 1970, A. gambiae species B was more numerous at first than A, but A became predominant during the long rains of March-May. In the cool dry weather of June-November both A and B densities declined and the A:B ratio surpassed 50:1. The short rains in December produced a population explosion of species B and less multiplication of species A, the B:A ratio reaching >11:1. In 1971, hot dry weather during January-March caused declines of species A and B with a maximum B: A ratio of 13:1. Long rains, coming in late March, provoked a resurgence of A and a concurrent decline of B, so that the A:B ratio again reached 20:1 in June. Similar cycles of species A and B were observed outdoors, although the relative numbers outdoors/indoors averaged 2·3 times more for species B than for species A. In A. funestus, A. gambiae species A and A. gambiae species B Human Blood Indices were 97·5%, 91·2% and 60·9% indoors and 24%, 2% and 7% outdoors, respectively. Respective malaria sporozoite rates were 1·62%, 4·23% and 0·32% and minimum rates of stage-Ill filarial infection were 0·33%, 0·44% and 0·57%. Sporozoite-positive and sporozoite-negative mosquitoes exhibited similar HBF's in species A and discrepant HBI's in species B. The HBI's were higher in filariapositive A and B females than in filaria-negative females. Gregarines occurred in 1·36% of species A and 0·38% of species B. Trematode cysts were seen in two specimens of species A.Of A and B females 28% and 4%, respectively, had four-banded palps. It is shown mathematically that the discrepant malaria sporozoite rates in species A and B may be explained by extrapolating from the man-biting rate and probable daily survival rate for each species. This implies that no unrecognised factors play a major role in causing the contrasting efficiency of these two sibling species as malaria vectors.

scholarly journals Bioecology of Dominant Malaria Vector, Anopheles superpictus s.l. Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae) In Iran

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Vatandoost ◽  
Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd ◽  
Ahmad Raeisi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Abai ◽  
Fatemeh Nikpour
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Larval Habitat ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Larval Habitats ◽  
Sustainability Index ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Flight Range ◽  
Vector Borne

Background: Malaria continues to be a main vector-borne public health problem in Iran. The endemic foci of the dis­ease are mainly located in south-eastern part of the country. Iran is now launching the elimination of malaria. Studies on the bioecology and susceptibility of malaria vectors to insecticide are essential in this phase. Methods: The literature on bio-ecology of Anopheles superpictus s.l. Grassi was reviewed in Iran in more than half a century. Different aspects including, distribution, key identification, larval habitats, flight range, seasonal activities, irritability/susceptibility to insecticides, and anthropophilicity index were identified. Results: The adult females of An. superpictus s.l. were susceptible to all WHO-recommended imagicides except DDT. Distribution, morphology, sibling species, larval habitat, flight range, Irritability tests, sustainability index, blood feed­ing preference and related factors were discussed in details Conclusion: Results of the evaluating will help for decision making of authorities for vector control.

scholarly journals New insights into malaria vector bionomics in Lao PDR: a nationwide entomology survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastien Marcombe ◽  
Santi Maithaviphet ◽  
Julie Bobichon ◽  
Nothasin Phommavan ◽  
Simone Nambanya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Human Landing Catch ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Malaria Burden ◽  
Human Landing

Abstract Background . In Laos, the malaria burden remains high despite a significant reduction of cases during the last decade. In the context of the disease elimination by 2030, a nationwide entomological survey was conducted to better understand the distribution, abundance and behavior of major malaria vectors ( Anopheles spp.) in the country. Methods . Mosquito collections were implemented in ten villages from ten provinces during the rainy and dry seasons of 2014 and 2015 by using human landing catch (HLC) and cow bait collection (CBC) methods. After morphological identification in the field, molecular identification of the sibling species of Anopheles mosquitoes from the Funestus, Leucosphyrus, and Maculatus groups were determined using PCR specific alleles. A screening of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax infections in the vectors was carried out by quantitative PCR assays. Results. A total of 14,146 adult mosquitoes representing 25 different Anopheles species were collected and morphologically identified. Molecular identification revealed the presence of 12 sibling species within the main primary vector groups including An. maculatus s.s., An. rampae , An. sawadwongporni , An. pseudowillmori , An. dravidicus , An. minimus s.s., An. aconitus , An. pampanai , An. harrisoni , An. dirus s.s., An. baimaii , An. nemophilous . Anopheles maculatus and An. minimus were predominant during both the dry and rainy seasons, but showed highly zoophilic preferences (Zoophilic index of 98% and 95%, respectively). Overall, 22% of the total malaria vectors were collected between 10:00 PM and 5:00 AM indoors when people are sleeping. Twenty-seven percent of primary and secondary vectors were collected outdoors before 10:00 PM or after 5:00 AM, times when people are usually awake and outdoors. Only two specimens were positive for P. falciparum , one An. aconitus from Phongsaly and one An. minimus from Vientiane Province Conclusions. The results indicate that people living in rural areas in Laos are constantly exposed to malaria vectors throughout the year and specifically outdoors. The use of LLINs/IRS remains important but innovative tools and new strategies are needed to address locally, the early and outdoor malaria transmission. Lack of expertise in general entomological methods may further exacerbate the situation.

scholarly journals Malaria vectors in the Brazilian Amazon: Anopheles of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanderli Pedro TADEI ◽  
Bedsy DUTARY THATCHER
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Species ◽  
Activity Cycle ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Principal Vector ◽  
Anopheles Species ◽  
Virgin Forest ◽  
Continuous Activity

Various species of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) were studied in the Amazon with the objective of determining their importance as malaria vectors. Of the 33 known Anopheles species occurring in the Amazon, only 9 were found to be infected with Plasmodium. The different species of this subgenus varied both in diversity and density in the collection areas. The populations showed a tendency towards lower density and diversity in virgin forest than in areas modified by human intervention. The principal vector, An. darlingi, is anthropophilic with a continuous activity cycle lasting the entire night but peaking at sunset and sunrise. These species (Nyssorhynchus) are peridomiciliary, entering houses to feed on blood and immediately leaving to settle on nearby vegetation. Anopheles nuneztovari proved to be zoophilic, crepuscular and peridomiciliary. These habits may change depending on a series of external factors, especially those related to human activity. There is a possibility that sibling species exist in the study area and they are being studied with reference to An. darlingi, An. albitarsis and An. nuneztovari. The present results do not suggest the existence of subpopulations of An. darlingi in the Brazilian Amazon.

scholarly journals New insights into malaria vector bionomics in Lao PDR: a nationwide entomology survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Marcombe ◽  
Santi Maithaviphet ◽  
Julie Bobichon ◽  
Nothasin Phommavan ◽  
Simone Nambanya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Human Landing Catch ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Anopheles Dirus ◽  
Malaria Burden ◽  
Human Landing

Abstract Background In Laos, the malaria burden remains high despite a significant reduction of cases during the last decade. In the context of the disease elimination by 2030, a nationwide entomological survey was conducted to better understand the distribution, abundance and behaviour of major malaria vectors (Anopheles spp.) in the country. Methods Mosquito collections were implemented in ten villages from ten provinces during the rainy and dry seasons of 2014 and 2015 by using human landing catch (HLC) and cow bait collection (CBC) methods. After morphological identification in the field, molecular identification of the sibling species of Anopheles mosquitoes from the Funestus, Leucosphyrus, and Maculatus groups were determined using PCR specific alleles. A screening of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections in the vectors was carried out by quantitative PCR assays. Results A total of 14,146 adult mosquitoes representing 25 different Anopheles species were collected and morphologically identified. Molecular identification revealed the presence of 12 sibling species within the main primary vector groups, including Anopheles maculatus, Anopheles rampae, Anopheles sawadwongporni, Anopheles pseudowillmori, Anopheles dravidicus, Anopheles minimus, Anopheles aconitus, Anopheles pampanai, Anopheles harrisoni, Anopheles dirus, Anopheles baimaii, Anopheles nemophilous. Anopheles maculatus and An. minimus were predominant during both the dry and rainy seasons, but showed highly zoophilic preferences (Zoophilic index of 98% and 95%, respectively). Overall, 22% of the total malaria vectors were collected between 10:00 PM and 5:00 AM indoors when people are sleeping. Twenty-seven percent of primary and secondary vectors were collected outdoors before 10:00 PM or after 5:00 AM, times when people are usually awake and outdoors. Only two specimens were positive for P. falciparum, one An. aconitus from Phongsaly and one An. minimus from Vientiane Province Conclusions The results indicate that people living in rural areas in Laos are constantly exposed to malaria vectors throughout the year and specifically outdoors. The use of LLINs/IRS remains important but innovative tools and new strategies are needed to address locally, the early and outdoor malaria transmission. Lack of expertise in general entomological methods may further exacerbate the situation.

Keys to the adult females and fourth-instar larvae of the mosquitoes of Iran (Diptera: Culicidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2078 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHAHYAD AZARI-HAMIDIAN ◽  
RALF E. HARBACH
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Taxonomic Keys

Taxonomic keys are provided for the identification of the adult females and fourth-instar larvae of Iranian mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), which include 64 species and three subspecies belonging to seven genera. The keys also include 12 species recorded in old literature that have not been collected recently, but are known to occur elsewhere in southwestern Asia. Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is not known to occur in Iran, but it is included in the keys because it has been established in many countries in the region during recent decades, and it is medically important. Newly recorded species, new characters, drawings illustrating characters used in the keys, and some notes are included to aid the identification of the species. The keys are based on recently collected specimens and museum collections, as well as taxonomic literature.

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