Assessing mating performance of male Glossina pallidipes (Diptera: Glossinidae) using a walk-in field cage

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (04) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.N. Mutika ◽  
E. Opiyo ◽  
A.S. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Glossina Pallidipes ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Mating Performance

scholarly journals Gamma Irradiation and Male Glossina austeni Mating Performance

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Chantel J. de Beer ◽  
Percy Moyaba ◽  
Solomon N. B. Boikanyo ◽  
Daphney Majatladi ◽  
Gert J. Venter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Performance Studies ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Radiation Sensitivity ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Glossina Austeni ◽  
African Animal Trypanosomosis ◽  
Mating Performance

An area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) strategy with a sterile insect technique (SIT) component has been proposed for the management of African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) in South Africa. In preparation for the SIT, the mating performance of colony reared Glossina austeni males under influencing factors such as radiation dose and the development stage that is exposed to radiation, was assessed under laboratory and semi-field conditions. The radiation sensitivity of G. austeni colonized 37 years ago when treated as adults and late-stage pupae was determined. Radiation doses of 80 Gy and 100 Gy induced 97–99% sterility in colony females that mated with colony males treated as adults or pupae. Males irradiated either as adults or pupae with a radiation dose of 100 Gy showed similar insemination ability and survival as untreated males. Walk-in field cage assessments indicated that a dose of up to 100 Gy did not adversely affect the mating performance of males irradiated as adults or late stage pupae. Males irradiated as adults formed mating pairs faster than fertile males and males irradiated as pupae. The mating performance studies indicated that the colonized G. austeni males irradiated as adults or late stage pupae will still be suited for SIT.

scholarly journals Field Cage Assessment of Feeding Damage by Riptortus pedestris on Soybeans in China

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Wenjing Li ◽  
Yu Gao ◽  
Yinglu Hu ◽  
Juhong Chen ◽  
Jinping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Transfer ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Riptortus Pedestris ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Pest Density

The bean bug, Riptortus pedestris, is a major pest of soybeans. In order to assess the critical stages of soybean damage by R. pedestris, we tested the damage to soybeans at different growth stages (R2, R4, and R6) caused by five densities of R. pedestris (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) through a field cage experiment. The results show that the R4 stage was the most sensitive stage in terms of suffering R. pedestris injury damage, followed by the R6 stage and then the R2 stage. The number of stay green leaves was 7.04 per plant, the abortive pod rate of the soybeans was 56.36%, and the abortive seed rate of the soybeans was 46.69%. The dry weight of the soybeans was 14.20 g at the R4 stage; these values of R4 were significantly higher than at the R2 and R6 stages. However, the dry weight of soybean seed was 4.27 g and the nutrient transfer rate was 27.01% in the R4 stage; these values were significantly lower than in the R2 and R6 stages. The number of stay green leaves, abortive pod rates, and abortive seed rates were all increased significantly with increasing pest density at each stage of soybean growth. However, the nutrient transfer rate was significantly decreased with the increase in the pest density. Soybean nutrition factors changed after they suffered R. pedestris injury; the lipid content of the soybean seed decreased and the lipid content of the soybean plant increased compared to controls, when tested with a density of five R. pedestris in the R4 stage. These results will be beneficial to the future management of R. pedestris in soybean fields.

scholarly journals An update on the distribution of Glossina (tsetse flies) at the wildlife-human-livestock interface of Akagera National Park, Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Gashururu ◽  
Samuel M. Githigia ◽  
Methode N. Gasana ◽  
Richard Habimana ◽  
Ndichu Maingi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Glossina Pallidipes ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Biconical Traps

Abstract Background Glossina (tsetse flies) biologically transmit trypanosomes that infect both humans and animals. Knowledge of their distribution patterns is a key element to better understand the transmission dynamics of trypanosomosis. Tsetse distribution in Rwanda has not been well enough documented, and little is known on their current distribution. This study determined the current spatial distribution, abundance, diversity, and seasonal variations of tsetse flies in and around the Akagera National Park. Methods A longitudinal stratified sampling following the seasons was used. Biconical traps were deployed in 55 sites for 6 consecutive days of each study month from May 2018 to June 2019 and emptied every 48 h. Flies were identified using FAO keys, and the number of flies per trap day (FTD) was used to determine the apparent density. Pearson chi-square (χ2) and parametrical tests (t-test and ANOVA) were used to determine the variations between the variables. The significance (p < 0.05) at 95% confidence interval was considered. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between tsetse occurrence and the associated predictors. Results A total of 39,516 tsetse flies were collected, of which 73.4 and 26.6% were from inside Akagera NP and the interface area, respectively. Female flies accounted for 61.3 while 38.7% were males. Two species were identified, i.e. G. pallidipes [n = 29,121, 7.4 flies/trap/day (FTD)] and G. morsitans centralis (n = 10,395; 2.6 FTD). The statistical difference in numbers was significant between the two species (p = 0.000). The flies were more abundant during the wet season (15.8 FTD) than the dry season (4.2 FTD). Large numbers of flies were trapped around the swamp areas (69.1 FTD) inside the park and in Nyagatare District (11.2 FTD) at the interface. Glossina morsitans was 0.218 times less likely to occur outside the park. The chance of co-existing between the two species reduced outside the protected area (0.021 times). Conclusions The occurrence of Glossina seems to be limited to the protected Akagera NP and a narrow band of its surrounding areas. This finding will be crucial to design appropriate control strategies. Glossina pallidipes was found in higher numbers and therefore is conceivably the most important vector of trypanosomosis. Regional coordinated control and regular monitoring of Glossina distribution are recommended. Graphic Abstract

Non-host status of papaya cultivars to the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae), in relation to the degree of fruit ripeness

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domingos Cugala ◽  
João Jone Jordane ◽  
Sunday Ekesi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Ripening Stage ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Ripening Stages

AbstractPhytosanitary measures are a major barrier to trade in papaya. We assessed the infestation of tephritid fruit flies on different stages of maturity of papaya, to determine its non-host stage of maturity, for market access. Papaya fruits were collected from Kilifi and Embu counties, Kenya from March 2013 to December 2014, to assess the level of infestation by fruit flies according to the degree of fruit ripening. In all locations, no fruit fly infestation was recorded on papaya when fruits were at the 0, 25 and 50% yellow fruit ripening stage.Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel) was, however, observed attacking fruits when papaya fruits were at 75 and 100% all yellow (fully ripe fruit ripening stage) with infestations of 0.19−0.51B. dorsalis/kg fruit and 0.24−1.24B. dorsalis/kg fruit, respectively, in all locations. Field cage exposure ofB. dorsalisto fruits of five papaya cultivars—‘Papino’, ‘Neo Essence’, ‘Sunrise Solo’, ‘Tainung No. 1’ and ‘Tainung No. 2’ in Manica Province, Mozambique—showed thatB. dorsalisdid not infest fruits at 0, 25 and 50% yellow ripening stages at the densities of 50 and 100 flies per cage. However, at 75% yellow ripening stage, up to 13.1 pupae/kg of fruits was recorded at a density of 150 flies per cage in Tainung No. 1, and infestation ranged from 4.5 to 136 pupae/kg fruits at 100% yellow ripening stage across all the cultivars and infestation densities. Laboratory evaluation of volatiles emanating from freshly crushed papaya pulp of four cultivars: ‘Sunrise Solo’, ‘Red Lady’, ‘Papayi’ and ‘Apoyo’ on egg viability ofB. dorsalisshowed that at 0, 25 and 50% yellow, egg hatchability was inhibited, suggesting that semiochemical compounds present in green tissues of papaya prevent egg development, although this effect was variable across the four cultivars and ripening stages. Export papaya is harvested at less than 40% yellow ripening stage. Our results, therefore, suggest that quarantine treatment for fruits at this ripening stage is inconsequential, asB. dorsalisdoes not infest papaya fruits at this stage; thus, authorities should permit entry of these papaya cultivars of less than 40% yellow ripening stage to quarantine-sensitive markets.

Responses of the stem borer larval endoparasitoidCotesia flavipes(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to plant derived synomones: Laboratory and field cage experiments

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther N. Ngumbi ◽  
Adele J. Ngi-Song ◽  
Eliud N. M. Njagi ◽  
Rita Torto ◽  
Lester J. Wadhams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Borer ◽  
Field Cage

Stem treatments to cotton with systemic insecticides against Heliothis zea (Boddie) and H. virescens (F.)

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-558
Author(s):  
R. L. Ridgway ◽  
L. A. Bariola ◽  
S. L. Jones ◽  
W. L. Lowry
Keyword(s):  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Systemic Action ◽  
American Cyanamid ◽  
Systemic Insecticides ◽  
Dimethyl Phosphate ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Sucrose Solutions ◽  
Cotton Plants

Laboratory and field-cage studies were conducted in Texas in 1965 to evaluate treatments of the systemic insecticides, Azodrin (3-hydroxy-N-methyl-cis-crotonamide dimethyl phosphate), Bidrin (3-hydroxy-N, N dimethyl-cis-crotonamide dimethyl phosphate), American Cyanamid CL-47031 (cyclic ethylene (diethoxy-phosphinyl) dithioimidocarbonate) and Temik (2-methyl-2-(methylthio) propion-aldehyde O-(methylcarbamoyl) oxime), applied incorporated in lanolin to the stems of cotton plants against Heliothis zea (Boddie) and H. virescens (F.). Reductions in numbers of developing larvae of H. zea were substantial on individual plants the stems of which had been treated with Azodrin or CL-47031 and which were artificially infested with eggs. When first-instar larvae of H. zea or H. virescens were caged on plants 3, 7 or 14 days after stem treatment with 2.5, 5.0 or 100 mg. Azodrin, Bidrin or CL-47031 per plant, net mortalities ranged from 21 to 80 per cent after three days. The mortality of adults of H. zea provided with sucrose solutions containing 1 p.p.m. of the systemic insecticides indicated that Azodrin and Bidrin were about equally toxic and much more so than CL-47031 and Temik, and that of adults caged on individual plants in flower that had been treated with Azodrin or CL-47031 suggested that the moths may be killed by the systemic action of these insecticides translocated to the nectar. When adults of H. virescens were released on plants each treated with Azodrin at 25 or 30 mg. in large field cages, reductions in the numbers of eggs deposited, attributed to the effect on the moths of the insecticide in the nectar, and in the numbers of developing larvae, were substantial. Azodrin was the most consistently effective of the four insecticides evaluated.

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