Effect of nucleotide supplementation on lymphocyte DNA damage induced by dietary oxidative stress in pigs

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Salobir ◽  
V. Rezar ◽  
T. Pajk ◽  
A. Levart
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Oxidant Status

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of nucleotide supplementation on the oxidative stress induced by a high proportion of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFAs) in pigs. Twenty-four male growing pigs were penned individually and after an adaptation period divided into three groups. All groups received isocaloric daily rations composed of a basal diet supplemented with either: starch (CONT), linseed oil (LIN) and LIN and nucleotides (LIN + NUC). The experimental period lasted 21 days. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring the degree of lymphocyte nuclear DNA damage, the urine malondialdehyde ( MDA) excretion rate, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase concentration and the total anti-oxidant status of plasma. Malondialdehyde concentrations in the blood and MDA urinary excretion rates were higher (P< 0·01) in animals supplemented with LIN and LIN + NUC compared with CONT animals. The degree of DNA damage in the LIN-supplemented animals was also higher (P< 0·01). Compared with the LIN-supplemented animals, nucleotide supplementation reduced (P< 0·01) the degree of DNA damage in lymphocytes to the level of the CONT group. Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase concentration and plasma total anti-oxidant status were similar across treatments. The results of this experiment indicate that nucleotide supplementation effectively eliminates the genotoxic effects of high PUFA intakes on blood lymphocytes and demonstrates new evidence for the immunonutritive effect of nucleotides.

The Comparison of Black Currant Juice and Vitamin E for the Prevention of Oxidative Stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janez Salobir ◽  
Tanja Pajk Zontar ◽  
Alenka Levart ◽  
Vida Rezar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cont Group

Black currant is known as a fruit with a very strong in vitro antioxidative capacity, but its in vivo antioxidant efficacy has not yet been characterized. The aim of the experiment was to determine the potency of black currant juice in comparison to vitamin E, for decreasing oxidative stress. Oxidative stress was induced by high intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in pigs as a model for humans. Twenty-four growing pigs were divided into four groups. All groups received isocaloric daily rations composed of an equal amount of basal diet that was supplemented with starch (CONT), linseed oil (OIL), linseed oil and black currant juice (OIL+BCJ), or linseed oil and vitamin E (OIL+VIT E). The experiment confirmed that the high proportion of PUFAs in the OIL group increased oxidative stress. In comparison with the OIL group, vitamin E supplementation significantly lowered plasma malondiadehyde (MDA) and the 24-hour urine MDA excretion rate, and reduced the degree of DNA damage in leukocytes to the level of the CONT group. The black currant juice intake failed to significantly decrease plasma MDA and 24-hour urine MDA excretion rate, but did reduce the degree of DNA damage in leukocytes to the level of the CONT group, as well as increase plasma β+γ-tocopherol concentrations. Although black currant juice did not reduce the formation of MDA, it efficiently prevented DNA damage induced by the high intake of PUFAs. It could be concluded that under these experimental conditions vitamin E was more efficient as an antioxidant that black currant juice.

Infiluence of Lindane and Paraquat on Oxidative Stress-Related Parameters of Erythrocytes In Vitro

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 461-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afonso C.D. Bainy ◽  
Marcia A.S. Silva ◽  
Mariza Kogake ◽  
Luis A. Videlal ◽  
V.B.C. Junqueira
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Oxidant Status

1 The influence of lindane and paraquat on oxidative stress-related parameters of the red blood cell was studied in vitro. 2 Lindane addition did not modify either the t-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxygen uptake of the erythrocytes and the induction time preceding it, or the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, in conditions of comparable levels of haemoglobin and methaemoglobin. 3 Red blood cells exposed to paraquat exhibited a concentration-dependent decrease in the t-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxygen consumption and increments in either the induction period or in the activity of catalase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, with no changes in superoxide dismutase activity and a small decrement in that of glutathione peroxidase. 4 These data indicate that lindane does not interfere with the oxidant status of the erythrocyte, while paraquat addition leads to an increment in the anti-oxidant capacity of the red blood cell.

Pharmacological study on the possible involvement of a Nrf2 -Heme oxygenase pathways in anti-cataract activity of fisetin

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Krishna Reddy BV ◽  
Avinash Kumar Reddy G ◽  
Sujitha V ◽  
Manasa A
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Pharmacological Study ◽  
World Population ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Radical Production ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Diabetic Population ◽  
Oxidant Status

DM otherwise diabetes is now a days an epidemic with the percentage of patient population rising to almost 10% of the world population. Out of all the DM complications, cataract leads the way contributing to disabilities to about 60% of diabetic population. But the pathogenesis of DM cataract is still a half-understood area of medicine there by posing a problem in the therapy. The data that we have till now gives us enough evidence to advocate the oxidative stress has a major role for the pathogenesis of DM complications like DMnephropathy, DMneuropathy, and cardiac hypertrophy, which suggests the oxidative stress is a central feature of diabetes. In the current research, the pharmacological evaluation of Fisetin for its DM based anti-cataract property was performed. This research concentrates to estimate the possible involvement of Nrf-2 / heme oxygenase (HO)-pathway in the observed therapeutic effect, if any. The data obtained in this study also indicate that the observed beneficial effects mainly due to activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. These effects probably result in increased tissue anti-oxidant status as well as decreased free radical production, which ultimately responsible for the observed beneficial effects of Fisetin against hyperglycemia-induced cataract.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Assays for Measurement of Serum (Anti)oxidants in Hemodialysis Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Ruskovska ◽  
Eugene H. J. M. Jansen ◽  
Risto Antarorov
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Antioxidant Assays ◽  
Hemodialysis Session ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Oxidant Status ◽  
Healthy Persons

Background. Various biomarkers and assays have been used for assessment of (anti)oxidant status in hemodialysis patients, including those intended for measurement of serum total (anti)oxidants, most often as a part of panel biomarkers.Methods. Serum (anti)oxidant status was measured in 32 chronically hemodialyzed patients and in 47 healthy persons, using two oxidations and three antioxidant assays.Results. The patients before the hemodialysis session have had higher values of total oxidants in comparison to the healthy persons, with a further increase during the hemodialysis. These findings were confirmed with both oxidation assays, but they differ in the percentage of increase and the statistical significance. All three antioxidant assays showed significantly higher values of the total serum antioxidants in the patients before the hemodialysis session in comparison to the healthy persons, and their significant decrease during the hemodialysis. However, the assays differ in the percentage of decrease, its statistical significance, and the correlations with uric acid.Conclusion. The variability of results of total (anti)oxidants which are obtained using different assays should be taken into account when interpreting data from clinical studies of oxidative stress, especially in complex pathologies such as chronic hemodialysis.

PSIV-B-25 Digestible energy and metabolizable energy of high-fiber ingredients in growing pig diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 394-395
Author(s):  
Jongkeon Kim ◽  
Yun Yeong Jo ◽  
Beob Gyun G Kim
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Gluten Feed

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) concentrations in high-fiber ingredients fed to growing pigs. Twelve barrows with an initial body weight of 57.5 kg (SD = 5.7) were individually housed in metabolism crates. A replicated 6 × 3 incomplete Latin square design with 12 animals, 6 experimental diets and 3 periods was employed. A basal diet was composed of 75.0% corn and 22.7% soybean meal (SBM) as the sole energy sources. Four experimental diets were prepared by replacing 40% of corn and SBM with soybean hulls (SH), corn gluten feed (CGF), wheat bran (WB), or rice bran (RB). An additional diet was prepared by replacing 10% of corn and SBM with cashew nut hulls (CNH). Each period consisted of a 4-d adaptation period and a 4-d collection period, and the marker-to-marker procedure was used for total collection of feces and urine. The DE and ME values in RB (3,969 and 3,936 kcal/kg DM) were greater (P &lt; 0.05) than those in CGF (2,654 and 2,520 kcal/kg DM) and SH (2,492 and 2,541 kcal/kg DM) and the energy values in WB (3,162 and 3,118 kcal/kg DM) were not different from those in RB, CGF, or SH. The DE and ME values in CNH (350 and 572 kcal/kg DM) were less (P &lt; 0.05) than those in all other test ingredients. In conclusion, energy concentrations in RB were greatest among the high-fiber test ingredients, whereas CNH had the lowest values.

scholarly journals Effects of Collection Durations on the Determination of Energy Values and Nutrient Digestibility of High-Fiber Diets in Growing Pigs by Total Fecal Collection Method

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengqun Liu ◽  
Ruqing Zhong ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Fei Xie ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fecal Collection

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of collection durations on the energy values and nutrient digestibility of high-fiber diets in growing pigs with a time-based total fecal collection method. A total of 24 barrows (body weight (BW): 31.1 ± 1.5 kg) were allotted to a completely randomized design with three diets. Diets included a corn–soybean meal (CSM) basal diet and two additional diets containing 20% sugar beet pulp (SBP) or defatted rice bran (DFRB) by replacing corn, soybean meal, and soybean oil in the CSM diet, respectively. Each diet was fed to eight barrows for a 7-day adaptation period followed by a 7-day total feces and urine collection period. The 7-day collection duration was divided into three collection phases, namely, phase 1 (days 8 to 11), phase 2 (days 11 to 13), and phase 3 (days 13 to 15). Then, similar portions of feces and urine from the different collection phases were composited into three additional samples (days 8 to 11, days 8 to 13, and days 8 to 15, respectively). The results showed that the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and nutrient in experimental diets decreased linearly as the collection durations increased from a 3-day to a 7-day collection (p < 0.05). However, there were no differences in the energy values, GE, and nutrient digestibility of diets and of high-fiber ingredients between the 5-day and 7-day collection durations. In conclusion, this study suggests that a 5-day collection duration is adequate to determine the energy values and nutrient digestibility of high-fiber diets containing SBP or DFRB in growing pigs by the time-based total fecal collection method.

Assessment of glutathione peroxidase-1 polymorphisms, oxidative stress and DNA damage in sensitivity-related illnesses

Life Sciences ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnese Gugliandolo ◽  
Chiara Gangemi ◽  
Carlo Calabrò ◽  
Mercurio Vecchio ◽  
Debora Di Mauro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase 1

scholarly journals Standardized total tract digestibility of calcium varies among sources of calcium carbonate, but not among sources of dicalcium phosphate, but microbial phytase increases calcium digestibility in calcium carbonate1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 3440-3450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su A Lee ◽  
L Vanessa Lagos ◽  
Carrie L Walk ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
Formulated Feed ◽  
Ca Carbonate ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of Ca and the response to microbial phytase is constant among different sources of Ca carbonate and that the STTD of Ca is constant among different sources of dicalcium phosphate (DCP) when fed to growing pigs. In Exp. 1, 80 pigs (initial BW: 19.0 ± 1.9 kg) were randomly allotted to 10 diets and 2 blocks with 4 pigs per diet in each block. Four sources of Ca carbonate were used, and each source was included in a diet without microbial phytase and a diet with microbial phytase (500 units/kg diet). Two Ca-free diets without or with microbial phytase were also formulated. Feed allowance was 2.7 times the maintenance energy requirement for ME and daily feed allotments were divided into 2 equal meals. The initial 4 d of each period were considered the adaptation period to the diets followed by 4 d of fecal collection using the marker-to-marker procedure. Pigs fed diets containing exogenous phytase had lower (P < 0.05) basal endogenous loss of Ca compared with pigs fed diets containing no phytase. There were no interactions between phytase and source of Ca carbonate. Values for STTD of Ca were greater (P < 0.05) for diets containing microbial phytase (77.3% to 85.4%) compared with diets without exogenous phytase (70.6% to 75.2%), and values for STTD of Ca differed (P < 0.05) among the 4 sources of Ca carbonate. In Exp. 2, 40 pigs (initial BW: 14.9 ± 1.3 kg) were allotted to a completely randomized design with 5 diets and 8 replicate pigs per diet. A basal diet in which all Ca was supplied by Ca carbonate was formulated. Three diets were formulated by adding 3 sources of DCP to the basal diet and a Ca-free diet was also used. Feeding and collection methods were as described for Exp. 1. Results indicated that values for STTD of Ca and ATTD of P were not different among diets, indicating that under the conditions of this experiment, the digestibility of Ca and P in DCP appears to be constant regardless of origin of DCP. In conclusion, use of microbial phytase reduces the basal endogenous loss of Ca and increases Ca digestibility in Ca carbonate. The STTD of Ca varies among sources of Ca carbonate, regardless of phytase inclusion, but that appears not to be the case for the STTD of Ca in different sources of DCP.

scholarly journals Impact of dietary oxidized protein on oxidative status and performance in growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl A Frame ◽  
Erika Johnson ◽  
Logan Kilburn ◽  
Elisabeth Huff-Lonergan ◽  
Brian J Kerr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Oxidation ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship

Abstract Rendered products from the meat industry can provide economical quality sources of proteins to the animal and feed industry. Similar to lipids, rendered proteins are susceptible to oxidation, yet the stability of these proteins is unclear. In addition, interest in understanding how oxidative stress can impact efficiency in production animals is increasing. Recent studies show that consumption of oxidized lipids can lead to a change in the oxidative status of the animal as well as decreases in production efficiency. To date, little is known about how consumption of oxidized proteins impacts oxidative status and growth performance. The objectives of this study were to determine if feeding diets high in oxidized protein to growing pigs would: 1) impact growth performance and 2) induce oxidative stress. Thirty pigs (42 d old; initial body weight [BW] 12.49 ± 1.45 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments with increasing levels of oxidized protein. Spray-dried bovine plasma was used as the protein source and was either unheated upon arrival, heated at 45 °C for 4 d, or heated at 100 °C for 3 d. Diets were fed for 19 d and growth performance was measured. Blood plasma (days 0 and 18), jejunum, colon, and liver tissues (day 19) were collected to analyze for markers of oxidative stress (e.g., protein oxidation, lipid oxidation, DNA damage, and glutathione peroxidase activity). Average daily gain (ADG;P &lt; 0.01) and average daily feed intake (ADFI;P &lt; 0.01) had a positive linear relationship to increased protein oxidation, but there was no effect on gain to feed ratio. Furthermore, protein (P = 0.03) and fat (P &lt; 0.01) digestibility were reduced with increased protein oxidation in the diet. Crypt depth showed a positive linear relationship with dietary protein oxidation levels (P = 0.02). A trend was observed in liver samples where pigs fed the plasma heated to 45 °C had increased lipid oxidation compared with pigs fed the plasma either unheated or heated to 100 °C (P = 0.09). DNA damage in the jejunum tended to have a linear relationship with the dietary protein oxidation level (P = 0.07). Even though results suggest dietary oxidized protein did not induce oxidative stress during short-term feeding, differences in performance, gut morphology, and digestibility are likely a result of reduced protein availability.

Selective Damage to Antioxidant Gene Promoters in FA Cells

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 2413-2413
Author(s):  
Wei Du ◽  
Reena Rani ◽  
Jared Sipple ◽  
Jonathan Schick ◽  
Qishen Pang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Defense Genes ◽  
Atpase Subunit ◽  
Promoter Complex ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Promoter Dna

Abstract Abstract 2413 Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases including Fanconi anemia (FA), a genetic disorder associated with bone marrow failure and progression to leukemia and other cancers. Here we show that several major anti-oxidant defense genes, including Glutathione peroxidase 1, Peroxiredoxin 3, Thioredoxin reductase 1, Superoxide dismutases 1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxireductase and Catalase, are down-regulated in bone marrow cells of FA patients. This gene down-regulation is selectively associated with increased oxidative DNA damage in the promoters of these anti-oxidant defense genes. Further, we show that both increased initial damage and reduced repair rate contribute to augmented oxidative DNA damage in FA cells. Using cell-based assays to assess promoter activity and damage repair kinetics, we demonstrate that FA proteins function to protect the promoter DNA from oxidative damage. Mechanistically, FA proteins appeared to act in concert with Brg1, a chromatin-remodeling ATPase subunit of the BAF complex. Specifically, Brg1 binds to the promoters of the anti-oxidant defense genes in steady state. Upon challenge with oxidative stress, FANCA and FANCD2 proteins are recruited to the promoter DNA, which correlates with significant increase in the binding of Brg1 within the promoter regions. Intriguingly, the formation of the FA-Brg1-promoter complex results in a marked decrease in nuclease hypersensitivity and oxidative damage in the promoter DNA in normal cells compared to FA cells. Finally, disassociation of the FA proteins from the Brg1-promoter complex parallels Pol II loading, suggesting a regulatory role for the FA proteins in transcription. Taken together, the study identifies a role of FA proteins in protecting anti-oxidant genes from oxidative damage. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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