Milk progesterone profiles and their relationship with fertility, production and disease in dairy cows in Northern Ireland

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. McCoy ◽  
S. D. Lennox ◽  
C. S. Mayne ◽  
W. J. McCaughey ◽  
H. W. J. Edgar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Foetal Membranes ◽  
On Farm

AbstractA detailed investigation was conducted to identify the main factors influencing the current poor reproductive performance in dairy herds in Northern Ireland. Nineteen herds were selected and a comprehensive database was established, comprising detailed information collected over a 2-year period. Milk progesterone monitoring (no.=1423 cows), based on twice weekly sampling, was included in this on-farm investigation. The mean interval from calving to commencement of luteal activity was 30·1 days and 13·4% (184/1378) of these cows had not commenced luteal activity by day 50post partum. In addition, there was a high incidence of abnormal progesterone profiles: delayed ovulation type I; 15·6% (242/1388), delayed ovulation type II; 11·7% (125/965), persistent corpus luteum type I; 19·4% (212/1121) and persistent corpus luteum type II; 11·9% (70/619). Delayed commencement of luteal activity and abnormal profiles were associated with reduced fertility performance manifested as increased interval to first AI service and ultimately prolonged calving interval. Delayed commencement of luteal activity and abnormal progesterone profiles, with the exception of ‘delayed ovulation type II’ profiles, were not associated with lower conception rates. Assistance at calving was associated with delayed commencement of luteal activity. Delayed commencement of luteal activity and delayed ovulation types I and II profiles were associated with indicators of nutritional stress and poorer production performance in early lactation. Retained foetal membranes were strongly associated with prolonged luteal phases (persistent corpus luteum types I and II profiles). While hormonal therapy may prove useful in treating cows with abnormal milk progesterone profiles, the prevention and treatment of associated diseases and the implementation of good management practices are likely to be more rewarding.

Declining fertility in dairy cattle: changes in traditional and endocrine parameters of fertility

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Royal ◽  
A. O. Darwash ◽  
A. P. F. Flint ◽  
R. Webb ◽  
J. A. Woolliams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Endocrine Parameters ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

AbstractReproductive performance of 714 Holstein Friesian dairy cows was monitored between October 1995 and June 1998 using thrice weekly milk progesterone determinations. Defined endocrine parameters such as interval topost-partumcommencement of luteal activity, inter-ovulatory interval and length of luteal and inter-luteal intervals were used with a number of traditional measures of reproductive performance to investigate the current status of fertility in a sample of United Kingdom dairy herds. A comparison of the results of the 1995 to 1998 trial with those of a previous (1975 to 1982) milk progesterone database, which included 2503 lactations in British Friesian cows monitored using a similar milk sampling protocol, revealed a decline infertility between these periods.Between 1975-1982 and 1995-1998, pregnancy rate to first service declined from 55·6% to 39·7% (P< 0·001), at a derived average rate approaching 1% per year. This decline was associated with an increase (P< 0·001) in the proportion of animals with one or more atypical ovarian hormone patterns from 32% to 44%. There was a significant (P< 0·001) increase in the incidence of delayed luteolysis during the first cyclepost partum(delayed luteolysis type I; 7·3% to 18·2%) and during subsequent cycles (delayed luteolysis type II; 6·4% to 16·8%), although the incidence of prolonged anovulation post partům (delayed ovulation type I; 10·9% to 12·9%) and prolonged inter-luteal intervals (delayed ovulation type II; 12·9% to 10·6%) did not alter significantly. These changes resulted in an increase in mean luteal phase length from 12·9 (s.e. 0·09) to 14·8 (s.e. 0·17) days and an increase in inter-ovulatory interval from 20·2 (s.e. 0·1) to 22·3 (s.e. 0·2) days. The decline infertility was also reflected in traditional measures of fertility since although interval to first service remained relatively unchanged (74·0 (s.e. 0·4) to 77·6 (s.e. 1·1) days) calving interval lengthened from 370 (s.e. 2·2) to 390 (s.e. 2·5) days. Collectively these changes may have contributed to the decline in pregnancy rates observed over the last 20 years.

scholarly journals Glutaric Acidemia, Pathogenesis and Nutritional Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Li ◽  
Chunlan Yang ◽  
Lijuan Feng ◽  
Yazi Zhao ◽  
Yong Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Neurological Injury ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Recessive Mutations ◽  
Ketotic Hypoglycemia

Glutaric acidemia (GA) are heterogeneous, genetic diseases that present with specific catabolic deficiencies of amino acid or fatty acid metabolism. The disorders can be divided into type I and type II by the occurrence of different types of recessive mutations of autosomal, metabolically important genes. Patients of glutaric acidemia type I (GA-I) if not diagnosed very early in infanthood, experience irreversible neurological injury during an encephalopathic crisis in childhood. If diagnosed early the disorder can be treated successfully with a combined metabolic treatment course that includes early catabolic emergency treatment and long-term maintenance nutrition therapy. Glutaric acidemia type II (GA- II) patients can present clinically with hepatomegaly, non-ketotic hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, hypotonia, and in neonatal onset cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, it features adult-onset muscle-related symptoms, including weakness, fatigue, and myalgia. An early diagnosis is crucial, as both types can be managed by simple nutraceutical supplementation. This review discusses the pathogenesis of GA and its nutritional management practices, and aims to promote understanding and management of GA. We will provide a detailed summary of current clinical management strategies of the glutaric academia disorders and highlight issues of nutrition therapy principles in emergency settings and outline some specific cases.

scholarly journals A new heterozygous mutation of the FOXL2 gene is associated with a large ovarian cyst and ovarian dysfunction in an adolescent girl with blepharophimosis/ptosis/epicanthus inversus syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Raile ◽  
H Stobbe ◽  
R B Tröbs ◽  
W Kiess ◽  
R Pfäffle
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Premature Ovarian Failure ◽  
Adolescent Girl ◽  
Ovarian Failure ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Ovarian Dysfunction ◽  
Corpus Luteum Cyst ◽  
Large Corpus

Blepharophimosis/ptosis/epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES), an autosomal dominant syndrome in which eyelid malformation is associated with (type I BPES) or without premature ovarian failure (type II BPES). Mutations of a putative winged helix/forkhead transcription factor FOXL2 account for both types of BPES. We report on a 16-year-old adolescent girl with blepharophimosis and ptosis. Subsequently she developed oligomenorrhea, secondary amenorrhea for 6 months, and an extremely large cyst of one ovary. The cyst contained 8 l of cyst fluid and histopathology displayed a large corpus luteum cyst. Following laparotomy, gonadotropin levels were elevated (LH 17.2 U/l, FSH 29.4 U/l) and estradiol levels decreased (67 pmol/l). Because of clinical aspects of BPES and abnormal ovarian function we suspected a mutation of her FOXL2 gene and found a new in-frame mutation (904_939dup36) on one allele, leading to a 12 alanine expansion within the polyalanine domain. We conclude that the FOXL2 mutation 904_939dup36 may account not only for blepharophimosis and ptosis but also for ovarian dysfunction and growth of the large corpus luteum cyst. In contrast to known FOXL2 mutations with polyalanine expansions and association with BPES type II, clinical aspects of our girl may indicate some degree of ovarian dysfunction that might finally lead to BPES type I with premature ovarian failure.

scholarly journals Production performance, management practices and treatment response of native anoestrus bubaline at Coastal areas of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Paul ◽  
A. B. M. Z. Rahman ◽  
M. M. Riad
Keyword(s):  
Performance Management ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Gestation Length

Background: The purpose of the study to find out the productivity, existing management system and pregnancy rate of anestrous buffalo cows following hormonal treatment protocol at the Coastal areas of Bangladesh. Methods: The study was conducted during the period from August 2017 to May 2018 at Charfashion and Golachipa upazila of Bhola and Patuakhali district, respectively. A total of 101 buffalo cows’ data were collected randomly by using an interview schedule as well as examination of genital system by rectal palpation. Among them, 60 anoestrus buffalo cows were selected for four treatment protocol: treatment-A (anthelmintics+vitamin), treatment-B (injection of PGF2α), treatment-C (injection of GnRH) and treatment-D (Injection of GnRH+PGF2α). Results: Out of 101 buffalo cows, the calving interval, number of service required per conception, gestation length, milk yield per day, lactation length, post-partum anoestrous period, number of days of peak milk yield, total milk yield of 305 days were 379.21±7.87 days, 1.13±0.03 times, 318±0.05 days, 2.42±0.05 liters, 156.53±3.06 days, 101.98±1.06 days, 98.07±207 days and 745.89±15.46 liters, respectively. We found that the buffalo cows were reared significantly (p<0.05) in extensive system (82.18%) and 100% farmers used to feed the calf directly from its mother. The de-worming, vaccination and showering of cows were not practiced properly. In case of treatment response, the estrus and pregnancy rate of treatment A, B, C and D were 20 and 13.3%, 33.3 and 20%, 40 and 26.7% and 66.7 and 46.7%, respectively. Conclusions: It may be concluded that the rearing system of buffaloes at the coastal areas of Bangladesh is not followed the scientific method, which provides bad impact on the productive and reproductive performances of buffaloes. The treatment of anoestrus buffalo cows with GnRH and PGF2α is recommended to have better oestrus and pregnancy rate.

scholarly journals Collection grading and evaluation of cumulus-oocyte-complexes for in vitro maturation in sheep

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
MNS Talukder ◽  
A Iqbal ◽  
MAMY Khandoker ◽  
MZ Alam
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Culture Condition ◽  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Vitro Production

An alternative to superovulation is in-vitro production (IVP) of embryos where the efficient collection and grading of oocytes is important. Ovaries from an abattoir were collected and categorized as type I with no corpus luteum (CL), and type II with CL. The length, width and weight of type I and type II ovary were 1.4 ± 0.03 and 1.5 ± 0.08 cm; 0.8 ± 0.04 and 1.0 ± 0.07 cm; 0.6 ± 0.07 and 0.7 ± 0.04 gm, respectively, each significantly (P<0.05) higher in type II ovaries. A total of 80 and 78 follicles were observed and 60 and 61 follicles aspirated from left and right ovaries, respectively, from each of 25 ovaries. Out of 133 follicles 100 were aspirated from 40 type-I ovaries, and 21 aspirated from 10 type-II ovaries. The differences in the number of normal, abnormal and total cumulus-oocytecomplex (COCs) per ovary between left and right ovaries were not significant (P>0.05). The number of normal (1.9 ± 0.11) and total (2.5 ± 0.14) COCs per ovary were significantly (P<0.05) higher in ovaries without than in those with CL (1.2 ± 0.36 and 2.0 ± 0.30, respectively). But the number (0.80 ± 0.13) of abnormal COCs per ovary was significantly (P<0.05) higher in ovaries with CL than in those without (0.7 ± 0.09). Significantly (P<0.05) higher percentage of COCs expansion was grade A (6.9 ± 2.05) than grade B (53.1 ± 1.27) COCs. It is suggested that type I (without CL) ovaries and follicles of 2-6 mm diameter are suitable to collect good quality COCs for in-vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes and the culture condition for IVM of sheep COCs are reported. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v28i1.8811   Bangl. vet. 2011. Vol. 28, No. 1, 31-38

scholarly journals Differences in the Fecal Concentrations and Genetic Diversities of Campylobacter jejuni Populations among Individual Cows in Two Dairy Herds

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (21) ◽  
pp. 7564-7571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Rapp ◽  
Colleen M. Ross ◽  
Eve J. Pleydell ◽  
Richard W. Muirhead
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
On Farm

ABSTRACTDairy cows have been identified as common carriers ofCampylobacter jejuni, which causes many of the human gastroenteritis cases reported worldwide. To design on-farm management practices that control the human infection sourced from dairy cows, the first step is to acquire an understanding of the excretion patterns of the cow reservoir. We monitored the same 35 cows from two dairy farms forC. jejuniexcretion fortnightly for up to 12 months. The objective was to examine the concentration ofC. jejuniand assess the genetic relationship of theC. jejunipopulations excreted by individual cows. Significant differences (P< 0.01) inC. jejunifecal concentration were observed among the 35 cows, with median concentrations that varied by up to 3.6 log10· g−1feces. A total of 36 different genotypes were identified from the 514 positive samples by using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR. Although 22 of these genotypes were excreted by more than one cow, the analysis of frequencies and distribution of the genotypes by model-based statistics revealed a high degree of individuality in theC. jejunipopulation in each cow. The observed variation in the frequency of excretion of a genotype among cows and the analysis by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of these genotypes suggest that excretion ofC. jejuniin high numbers is due to a successful adaptation of a particular genotype to a particular cow's gut environment, but that animal-related factors render some individual cows resistant to colonization by particular genotypes. The reasons for differences inC. jejunicolonization of animals warrant further investigation.

Phage typing of Staphylococcus aureus associated with subclinical bovine mastitis

1987 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dermot P. Mackie ◽  
David A. Pollock ◽  
Sean P. Rodgers ◽  
Ernest F. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Almost All ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Epidemiological Significance ◽  
Mastitis Control

SummarySix hundred and seventeen isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from sub-clinical mastitis cases in 63 dairy herds in Northern Ireland were typed using a set of 25 phages. Ninety-four per cent of the isolates were typable, with nine phages, predominantly from groups I and III, being responsible for almost all of the lysis. Although 68 phage patterns were found, six of them typed 47·2 % of the isolates. One strain accounted for 14·7% of the isolates, but the largest number of strains (44) was restricted to individual farms. The epidemiological significance of these findings for on-farm mastitis control is discussed.

scholarly journals In Vitro Production Of Goat Embryos In Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
A Mondal ◽  
MAMY Khandoker ◽  
MA Mondal ◽  
AHMS Rahman ◽  
AS Apu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Culture Condition ◽  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Vitro Production

The present study was undertaken to collect the quality cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) from ovaries of goat from slaughterhouse by aspiration to establish the suitable culture condition for in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in vitro culture (IVC). Follicular COCs were collected from follicles of 2-6 mm diameter, categorized by microscopic observation and cultured for 22 h in TCM-199 medium supplemented with 5% fetal calf serum (FCS) to determine the success rate of in vitro maturation in a condition of 5% CO2 in air at 38.5°C. The collected ovaries were classified as type-I (corpus luteum absent) and type-II (corpus luteum present). The average numbers of follicles aspirated per ovary were 3.15 and 2.57 in type-I and type-II, respectively. The collected COCs were classified into normal COCs (grade A and B) and abnormal COCs (grade C and D). The number of normal and abnormal COCs collected from two type of ovaries were significantly (P<0.01) differed. Average number of normal COCs per ovary obtained from type-I (1.30) was significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of type-II (0.68). Within the normal COCs significantly (P<0.01) higher maturation was obtained in grade A COCs (71.70%) than that of grade B (51.52%). The matured COCs were cultured for 5 h with fresh buck semen in Brackett and Oliphant (BO) medium and assumed that the COCs were fertilized successfully. In progress, IVC was practiced in TCM-199 supplemented with FCS and bovine serum albumen (BSA) at 38.5°C with 5% CO2 for 6-7 days. The rate of development to compact morula was found significantly (P<0.01) higher in grade A (25.64%) compared to grade B COCs (6.89%) and similar trend of blastocyst was found in grade A COCs (12.82%) than that of grade of B (3.45%). The results suggested that culture condition for IVM, IVF and IVC was found optimum and grade A COCs might be suitable for in vitro production (IVP) of goat embryos.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v37i1.9859 BJAS 2008; 37(1): 1-9

Heat-Etching with a Bullivant Type II Simple Freeze-Cleave Device

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 106-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Weinstein ◽  
N. Scott McNutt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The University

The Type I simple cold block device was described by Bullivant and Ames in 1966 and represented the product of the first successful effort to simplify the equipment required to do sophisticated freeze-cleave techniques. Bullivant, Weinstein and Someda described the Type II device which is a modification of the Type I device and was developed as a collaborative effort at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Auckland, New Zealand. The modifications reduced specimen contamination and provided controlled specimen warming for heat-etching of fracture faces. We have now tested the Mass. General Hospital version of the Type II device (called the “Type II-MGH device”) on a wide variety of biological specimens and have established temperature and pressure curves for routine heat-etching with the device.

Labelling of non-A, non-B hepatitis infected chimpanzee hepatocytes with nuclease-gold conjugates

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
G. D. Gagne ◽  
M. F. Miller ◽  
D. A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Infected Chimpanzee

Experimental infection of chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) or with delta agent hepatitis results in the appearance of characteristic cytoplasmic alterations in the hepatocytes. These alterations include spongelike inclusions (Type I), attached convoluted membranes (Type II), tubular structures (Type III), and microtubular aggregates (Type IV) (Fig. 1). Type I, II and III structures are, by association, believed to be derived from endoplasmic reticulum and may be morphogenetically related. Type IV structures are generally observed free in the cytoplasm but sometimes in the vicinity of type III structures. It is not known whether these structures are somehow involved in the replication and/or assembly of the putative NANB virus or whether they are simply nonspecific responses to cellular injury. When treated with uranyl acetate, type I, II and III structures stain intensely as if they might contain nucleic acids. If these structures do correspond to intermediates in the replication of a virus, one might expect them to contain DNA or RNA and the present study was undertaken to explore this possibility.

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