Translation and impropriety: A reading of Claude Bleton's les nègres du traducteur

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Arrojo
Keyword(s):  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Publishing World ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Domesticating Translation ◽  
Death Of The Author

The hilarious plot of Claude Bleton’s novel, Les nègres du traducteur, published in France in 2004, allows us to explore the relationships that translators are often perceived to establish with their authors and originals. Bleton’s text is particularly helpful for a discussion of some notions that are usually related to contemporary theories of text and translation that revolve around the post-Nietzschean notion of the "death of the author." Aaron Janvier, Bleton’s narrator and protagonist, is a frustrated writer who manages to become a prominent translator of Spanish novels into French, and whose taste for domesticating translation strategies turns him into a powerful figure in the publishing circles of Paris, Madrid and Barcelona. As Janvier gets increasingly influential in the publishing world, he does not hesitate to turn the authors he should be translating into his "nègres," that is, into ghostwriters who are in charge of writing the "originals" that are expected to be strictly faithful to the "translations" he sends them. When some of his authors begin to reconsider their peculiar arrangement, Janvier simply kills them off. Through a close examination of Bleton’s characterization of the translator as killer, this essay proposes to rethink some recurrent clichés associated with translators, their craft, and the alleged impropriety of their close relationship with texts and authors.

scholarly journals Characterization of Two Novel Polyomaviruses of Birds by Using Multiply Primed Rolling-Circle Amplification of Their Genomes

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 3523-3531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reimar Johne ◽  
Walter Wittig ◽  
Daniel Fernández-de-Luco ◽  
Ursula Höfle ◽  
Hermann Müller
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Circle Amplification ◽  
Large Tumor ◽  
Rolling Circle ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Avian Polyomavirus ◽  
Avian Group ◽  
Pyrrhula Pyrrhula

ABSTRACT Polyomaviruses are small nonenveloped particles with a circular double-stranded genome, approximately 5 kbp in size. The mammalian polyomaviruses mainly cause persistent subclinical infections in their natural nonimmunocompromised hosts. In contrast, the polyomaviruses of birds—avian polyomavirus (APV) and goose hemorrhagic polyomavirus (GHPV)—are the primary agents of acute and chronic disease with high mortality rates in young birds. Screening of field samples of diseased birds by consensus PCR revealed the presence of two novel polyomaviruses in the liver of an Eurasian bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula griseiventris) and in the spleen of a Eurasian jackdaw (Corvus monedula), tentatively designated as finch polyomavirus (FPyV) and crow polyomavirus (CPyV), respectively. The genomes of the viruses were amplified by using multiply primed rolling-circle amplification and cloned. Analysis of the FPyV and CPyV genome sequences revealed a close relationship to APV and GHPV, indicating the existence of a distinct avian group among the polyomaviruses. The main characteristics of this group are (i) involvement in fatal disease, (ii) the existence of an additional open reading frame in the 5′ region of the late mRNAs, and (iii) a different manner of DNA binding of the large tumor antigen compared to that of the mammalian polyomaviruses.

scholarly journals The legacy of building in the mountain. A report from the Grisons

ARCHALP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordian Blumenthal ◽  
Ramun Capaul
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Alps ◽  
The Many

“In the Alps, the cultural landscape changes with the way people live and act. Social structures and economic conditions shape human needs and define the appearance of the territory and landscape, contributing to the development of specific settlement and housing models, in close relationship with the place. The local typology and construction technologies, developed throughout the history, thus embody the responses to the particular local housing needs, characterizing the places according to different cultural influences. These conditions, together with the influences of the environmental and natural context, as well as the cultural aspects linked to the traditions of the local communities, today are still distinctive elements of the characterization of the villages and mountain valleys. The essay, starting from design experiences conducted personally by the architects in their region of origin – the Grisons – explores the many suggestions that the “legacy” of the different ways of building in the mountains offered for their design work. From space planning to materials, from construction solutions to typology, the architectural projects of Capaul & Blumenthal, both in the case of the recovery of the existing heritage and in the case of new buildings, seem to move from a clever re-interpretation of the complex heritage that combines savoir faire, knowledge, inspirations and materials, to seek careful answers to the current problems of the Alpine world.”

scholarly journals Comparative analysis and characterization of the gut microbiota of four farmed snakes from southern China

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Zhang ◽  
Jing Ren ◽  
Daode Yang ◽  
Shuoran Liu ◽  
Xinguo Gong
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Host Species ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Elaphe Carinata ◽  
Deinagkistrodon Acutus

Background The gut microbiota plays an important role in host immunity and metabolic homeostasis. Although analyses of gut microbiotas have been used to assess host health and foster disease prevention and treatment, no comparative comprehensive study, assessing gut microbiotas among several species of farmed snake, is yet available. In this study, we characterized and compared the gut microbiotas of four species of farmed snakes (Naja atra, Ptyas mucosa, Elaphe carinata, and Deinagkistrodon acutus) using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene in southern China and tested whether there was a relationship between gut microbiotal composition and host species. Results A total of 629 operational taxonomic units across 22 samples were detected. The five most abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria, while the five most abundant genera were Bacteroides, Cetobacterium, Clostridium, Plesiomonas, and Paeniclostridium. This was the first report of the dominance of Fusobacteria and Cetobacterium in the snake gut. Our phylogenetic analysis recovered a relatively close relationship between Fusobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Alpha diversity analysis indicated that species richness and diversity were highest in the gut microbiota of D. acutus and lowest in that of E. carinata. Significant differences in alpha diversity were detected among the four farmed snake species. The gut microbiotas of conspecifics were more similar to each other than to those of heterospecifics. Conclusion This study provides the first comparative study of gut microbiotas among several species of farmed snakes, and provides valuable data for the management of farmed snakes. In farmed snakes, host species affected the species composition and diversity of the gut microbiota.

Detection of Polymorphism and Sequence Characterization of Toll-Like Receptor 7 Gene of Indian Goat Revealing Close Relationship Between Ruminant Species

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubham Goyal ◽  
Praveen K. Dubey ◽  
Kabita Tripathy ◽  
Ritu Mahajan ◽  
S. Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Sequence Characterization ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Indian Goat

scholarly journals Gene-based molecular characterization of cox1 and pnad5 in Hymenolepis nana isolated from naturally infected mice and rats in Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina M. Metwally ◽  
Huda A. Al-Enezy ◽  
Isra M. Al-Turaiki ◽  
Manal F. El-Khadragy ◽  
Hany M. Yehia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Present Species ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Genomic Similarity ◽  
Gc Contents

Abstract Mice and rats are animals commonly used in research and laboratory testing. Compared with other animal species, they harbor many more zoonotic agents. Hymenolepis nana (H. nana) is a common tapeworm that parasitizes both humans and rodents. Although this tapeworm is of socio-economic importance worldwide, information related to its mitochondrial genome is limited. The present study examined the sequence diversity of two mitochondrial (mt) genes, subunit I of cytochrome oxidase (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (pnad5), of H. nana in mice and rats from two geographical regions of Saudi Arabia (Makkah and Riyadh). Partial sequences of cox1 and pnad 5 from individual H. nana isolates were separately amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. The GC contents of the sequences ranged between 31.6–33.5% and 27.2–28.6% for cox1 and pnad5, respectively. The genomic similarity among specimens determined via cox1 primer and pnad5 primer was 97.1% and 99.7%, respectively. Based on these primers, our data did not indicate any differences between H. nana from rat and mice isolates. Results demonstrated that the present species are deeply embedded in the genus Hymenolepis with close relationship to other Hymenolepis species, including H. nana as a putative sister taxon, and that the isolates cannot be categorized as belonging to two different groups with origins in Makkah and Riyadh.

scholarly journals Phenotypic characterization of Sodalis praecaptivus sp. nov., a close non-insect-associated member of the Sodalis-allied lineage of insect endosymbionts

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (Pt_5) ◽  
pp. 1400-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Chari ◽  
Kelly F. Oakeson ◽  
Shinichiro Enomoto ◽  
D. Grant Jackson ◽  
Mark A. Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Novel Species ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sodalis Glossinidius ◽  
Large Gene ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Metabolic Properties ◽  
Insect Symbionts ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

A Gram-stain-negative bacterium, isolated from a human wound was previously found to share an unprecedentedly close relationship with Sodalis glossinidius and other members of the Sodalis-allied clade of insect symbionts. This relationship was inferred from sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and genomic comparisons and suggested the strain belonged to a novel species. Biochemical and genetic analyses supported this suggestion and demonstrated that the organism has a wide repertoire of metabolic properties, which is consistent with the presence of a relatively large gene inventory. Among members of the Sodalis-allied clade, this is the first representative that has sufficient metabolic capabilities to sustain growth in minimal media. On the basis of the results of this study, we propose that this organism be classified as a representative of a novel species, Sodalis praecaptivus sp. nov. (type strain HST = DSM 27494T = ATCC BAA-2554T).

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Chinese Grape Landraces (Vitis L.) Using Microsatellite DNA Markers

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beibei Li ◽  
Jianfu Jiang ◽  
Xiucai Fan ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Haisheng Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Microsatellite Dna ◽  
Germplasm Management ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Allele Number ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Microsatellite Dna Markers ◽  
Close Relationship

In this study, we present the molecular characterization of 61 Chinese grape landraces and 33 foreign cultivars by using nine microsatellite DNA markers. A total of 115 distinct alleles were amplified, and the average allele number was 12.78. The average observed and expected heterozygosity values were 0.797 and 0.839, respectively. The effective allele numbers ranged from 5.011 to 8.575. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.816. Eighty distinct genotypes were detected, and new synonyms and homonyms were found. The clustering dendrogram indicated that 94 Vitis materials could be divided into five major groups, and the cluster analysis showed that part of the Chinese grape landraces had a close relationship with the foreign cultivars. Assessment of the true cultivar identity, and the identification of synonyms and homonyms will be a contribution to improve the grape germplasm management and protect breeders’ intellectual rights.

scholarly journals Comparative Structural and Molecular Characterization of Ribitol-5-Phosphate-Containing Streptococcus oralis Coaggregation Receptor Polysaccharides

2009 ◽  
Vol 191 (6) ◽  
pp. 1891-1900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinghua Yang ◽  
Mary Ritchey ◽  
Yasuo Yoshida ◽  
C. Allen Bush ◽  
John O. Cisar
Keyword(s):  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Polysaccharide Biosynthesis ◽  
Streptococcus Oralis ◽  
High Resolution Nmr ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Plaque Biofilm ◽  
Biofilm Community

ABSTRACT The antigenically related coaggregation receptor polysaccharides (RPS) of Streptococcus oralis strains C104 and SK144 mediate recognition of these bacteria by other members of the dental plaque biofilm community. In the present study, the structure of strain SK144 RPS was established by high resolution NMR spectroscopy as [6Galfβ1-6GalNAcβ1-3Galα1-2ribitol-5-PO4 −-6Galfβ1-3Galβ1]n, thereby indicating that this polysaccharide and the previously characterized RPS of strain C104 are identical, except for the linkage between Gal and ribitol-5-phosphate, which is α1-2 in strain SK144 versus α1-1 in strain C104. Studies to define the molecular basis of RPS structure revealed comparable genes for six putative transferases and a polymerase in the rps loci of these streptococci. Cell surface RPS production was abolished by disrupting the gene for the first transferase of strain C104 with a nonpolar erm cassette. It was restored in the resulting mutant by plasmid-based expression of either wcjG, the corresponding gene of S. pneumoniae for serotype 10A capsular polysaccharide (CPS) biosynthesis or wbaP for the transferase of Salmonella enterica that initiates O-polysaccharide biosynthesis. Thus, WcjG, like WbaP, appears to initiate polysaccharide biosynthesis by transferring galactose-1-phosphate to a lipid carrier. In further studies, the structure of strain C104 RPS was converted to that of strain SK144 by replacing the gene (wefM) for the fourth transferase in the rps locus of strain C104 with the corresponding gene (wcrC) of strain SK144 or Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 10A. These findings identify genetic markers for the different ribitol-5-phosphate-containing types of RPS present in S. oralis and establish a close relationship between these polysaccharides and serogroup 10 CPSs of S. pneumoniae.

scholarly journals Chickpea seed vigor evaluated by computerized seedling analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
Joyce de Oliveira Araújo ◽  
◽  
Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias ◽  
André Dantas de Medeiros ◽  
Laércio Junio da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Root ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Computerized Analysis ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Initial Characterization ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Analysis System

Computerized seedling analysis is a promising tool for assessing seed vigor, providing reliable and less subjective results. The aim of this study was to define a method for evaluating the vigor of chickpea seeds through computerized image analysis, using the Seedling Analysis System (Sistema de Análise de Plântula - SAPL®) as a basis. Two chickpea cultivars were evaluated, consisting of five seed lots of cv. BRS Aleppo and four seed lots of cv. Cícero. Test were performed on the seeds of each cultivar for initial characterization of the physiological potential of the lots, and the results were compared with the determinations made via SAPL®. The results showed high correlations between the variables obtained from computerized analysis and from traditional vigor tests, especially for the close relationship between the cold test and low temperature germination test with the corrected vigor index (r > 0.9) evaluated on the fourth day after the beginning of the test. The total length of seedlings, length of the primary root, and growth and corrected vigor indices obtained through computerized analysis of seedlings on the 4th day after sowing allowed separation of the lots regarding vigor. Computerized analysis of seedlings using SAPL® is effective in determining the vigor of chickpea seed lots.

scholarly journals Profanity and Characterization: A Study of Translation Strategies and Their Effects on The Catcher in the Rye

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Fachrina Azura ◽  
Haru Deliana Dewi ◽  
Rahayu Surtiati Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Method

<p><em>This paper investigates the translation strategies used in translating profanity in the novel The Catcher in the Rye and their effects on the narrator’s characterization. The purpose is to see the effects that certain translation strategies have on characterization, an important literary element. This paper will focus on Chapter 25, the penultimate chapter where the climax takes place. This paper uses statistics to examine the number of translation strategies used and the qualitative-descriptive method to examine the effects on the narrator’s characterization. The strategies will be classified based on Baker’s (2018) proposed strategies, while Nida’s (2012) argument regarding the importance of characterization will be the framework for evaluating the characterization. This paper finds that the Indonesian translator overwhelmingly used the strategies of softening and omission. This results in a significantly different characterization of the narrator, in which he becomes less irreverent and more conscious of social norms.</em></p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: <em>characterization, literary translation, translation strategies, profanity</em></p><p>_________________________________________</p><p>DOI &gt; <a href="https://search.crossref.org/?q=10.24071%2Fjoll.2019.190205">https://doi.org/10.24071/joll.2019.190205</a></p><p><em><br /></em></p>

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