EcoLexicon and by-products

Terminology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar León-Araúz ◽  
Arianne Reimerink ◽  
Pamela Faber
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Image Annotation ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Annotation Tool ◽  
Different Types ◽  
By Products

Abstract Reutilization and interoperability are major issues in the fields of knowledge representation and extraction, as reflected in initiatives such as the Semantic Web and the Linked Open Data Cloud. This paper shows how terminological resources can be integrated and reused within different types of application. EcoLexicon is a multilingual terminological knowledge base (TKB) on environmental science that integrates conceptual, linguistic and visual information. It has led to the following by-products: (i) the EcoLexicon English Corpus; (ii) EcoLexiCAT, a terminology-enhanced translation tool; and (iii) Manzanilla, an image annotation tool. This paper explains EcoLexicon and its by-products, and shows how the latter exploit and enhance the data in the TKB.

Web knowledge

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Walton
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Semantic Network ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Web Standards ◽  
Description Framework ◽  
The Web

In the introductory chapter of this book, we discussed the means by which knowledge can be made available on the Web. That is, the representation of the knowledge in a form by which it can be automatically processed by a computer. To recap, we identified two essential steps that were deemed necessary to achieve this task: 1. We discussed the need to agree on a suitable structure for the knowledge that we wish to represent. This is achieved through the construction of a semantic network, which defines the main concepts of the knowledge, and the relationships between these concepts. We presented an example network that contained the main concepts to differentiate between kinds of cameras. Our network is a conceptualization, or an abstract view of a small part of the world. A conceptualization is defined formally in an ontology, which is in essence a vocabulary for knowledge representation. 2. We discussed the construction of a knowledge base, which is a store of knowledge about a domain in machine-processable form; essentially a database of knowledge. A knowledge base is constructed through the classification of a body of information according to an ontology. The result will be a store of facts and rules that describe the domain. Our example described the classification of different camera features to form a knowledge base. The knowledge base is expressed formally in the language of the ontology over which it is defined. In this chapter we elaborate on these two steps to show how we can define ontologies and knowledge bases specifically for the Web. This will enable us to construct Semantic Web applications that make use of this knowledge. The chapter is devoted to a detailed explanation of the syntax and pragmatics of the RDF, RDFS, and OWL Semantic Web standards. The resource description framework (RDF) is an established standard for knowledge representation on the Web. Taken together with the associated RDF Schema (RDFS) standard, we have a language for representing simple ontologies and knowledge bases on the Web.

scholarly journals An analysis of knowledge base maintenance

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
John Debenham
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Level Of Abstraction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Analysis Of Knowledge ◽  
Maintenance Problem

Knowledge base maintenance is managed by constructing a formal model. In this model the representation of each chunk of know ledge encapsulates the knowledge in a set of declarative rules, each of which in turn encapsulates the knowledge in a set of imperative programs. In this model an "item" is the unit of knowledge representation. Items are at a higher level of abstraction than rules. Understanding what has to be done to maintain the integrity of an item leads to a specification of the modifications to the set of programs that implement it. An analysis of the maintenance of the formal model is achieved by introducing maintenance links. Analysis of the maintenance links shows that they are of four different types. The density of the maintenance links is reduced by transforming that set into an equivalent set. In this way the knowledge base maintenance problem is analyzed and simplified. A side benefit of knowledge items as a formalism is that they contain knowledge constraints that protect the knowledge from unforeseen modification.

Effect of sleep on memory for binding different types of visual information

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J Shaw ◽  
Zhisen Urgolites ◽  
Padraic Monaghan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Information

Visual long-term memory has a large and detailed storage capacity for individual scenes, objects, and actions. However, memory for combinations of actions and scenes is poorer, suggesting difficulty in binding this information together. Sleep can enhance declarative memory of information, but whether sleep can also boost memory for binding information and whether the effect is general across different types of information is not yet known. Experiments 1 to 3 tested effects of sleep on binding actions and scenes, and Experiments 4 and 5 tested binding of objects and scenes. Participants viewed composites and were tested 12-hours later after a delay consisting of sleep (9pm-9am) or wake (9am-9pm), on an alternative forced choice recognition task. For action-scene composites, memory was relatively poor with no significant effect of sleep. For object-scene composites sleep did improve memory. Sleep can promote binding in memory, depending on the type of information to be combined.

scholarly journals How the Multiplicity of Suggested Information Affects the Behavior of a User in a Recommender System

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 741
Author(s):  
Yuseok Ban ◽  
Kyungjae Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Recommender System ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Digital Platform ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Information

Many researchers have suggested improving the retention of a user in the digital platform using a recommender system. Recent studies show that there are many potential ways to assist users to find interesting items, other than high-precision rating predictions. In this paper, we study how the diverse types of information suggested to a user can influence their behavior. The types have been divided into visual information, evaluative information, categorial information, and narrational information. Based on our experimental results, we analyze how different types of supplementary information affect the performance of a recommender in terms of encouraging users to click more items or spend more time in the digital platform.

scholarly journals Ratsnake: A Versatile Image Annotation Tool with Application to Computer-Aided Diagnosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Iakovidis ◽  
T. Goudas ◽  
C. Smailis ◽  
I. Maglogiannis
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Biopsy ◽  
Image Annotation ◽  
Image Force ◽  
Computer Aided Diagnosis ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Obstructive Nephropathy ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Annotation Tool ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Aided Diagnosis

Image segmentation and annotation are key components of image-based medical computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems. In this paper we present Ratsnake, a publicly available generic image annotation tool providing annotation efficiency, semantic awareness, versatility, and extensibility, features that can be exploited to transform it into an effective CAD system. In order to demonstrate this unique capability, we present its novel application for the evaluation and quantification of salient objects and structures of interest in kidney biopsy images. Accurate annotation identifying and quantifying such structures in microscopy images can provide an estimation of pathogenesis in obstructive nephropathy, which is a rather common disease with severe implication in children and infants. However a tool for detecting and quantifying the disease is not yet available. A machine learning-based approach, which utilizes prior domain knowledge and textural image features, is considered for the generation of an image force field customizing the presented tool for automatic evaluation of kidney biopsy images. The experimental evaluation of the proposed application of Ratsnake demonstrates its efficiency and effectiveness and promises its wide applicability across a variety of medical imaging domains.

Ein Metadatenmodell für gemischte Sammlungen

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 548-564
Author(s):  
Susanne Al-Eryani ◽  
Gudrun Bucher ◽  
Stefanie Rühle
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Linked Open Data

Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen des DFG-geförderten Projekts „Entwicklung von interoperablen Standards für die Kontextualisierung heterogener Objekte am Beispiel der Provenienz Asch“ wurde ein Semantic Web und Linked Open Data fähiges Metadatenmodell entwickelt, das es ermöglicht, institutionsübergreifend Kulturerbe und dessen Provenienz zu kontextualisieren.

scholarly journals Building an OWL ontology with Xper3

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e25614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Pellen ◽  
Sylvain Bouquin ◽  
Isabelle Mougenot ◽  
Régine Vignes-Lebbe
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Expressive Power ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
User Friendliness ◽  
Standard Format ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Closed World ◽  
Web Standards ◽  
Description Framework

Xper3 (Vignes Lebbe et al. 2016) is a collaborative knowledge base publishing platform that, since its launch in november 2013, has been adopted by over 2 thousand users (Pinel et al. 2017). This is mainly due to its user friendly interface and the simplicity of its data model. The data are stored in MySQL Relational DBs, but the exchange format uses the TDWG standard format SDD (Structured Descriptive DataHagedorn et al. 2005). However, each Xper3 knowledge base is a closed world that the author(s) may or may not share with the scientific community or the public via publishing content and/or identification key (Kopfstein 2016). The explicit taxonomic, geographic and phenotypic limits of a knowledge base are not always well defined in the metadata fields. Conversely terminology vocabularies, such as Phenotype and Trait Ontology PATO and the Plant Ontology PO, and software to edit them, such as Protégé and Phenoscape, are essential in the semantic web, but difficult to handle for biologist without computer skills. These ontologies constitute open worlds, and are expressed themselves by RDF triples (Resource Description Framework). Protégé offers vizualisation and reasoning capabilities for these ontologies (Gennari et al. 2003, Musen 2015). Our challenge is to combine the user friendliness of Xper3 with the expressive power of OWL (Web Ontology Language), the W3C standard for building ontologies. We therefore focused on analyzing the representation of the same taxonomic contents under Xper3 and under different models in OWL. After this critical analysis, we chose a description model that allows automatic export of SDD to OWL and can be easily enriched. We will present the results obtained and their validation on two knowledge bases, one on parasitic crustaceans (Sacculina) and the second on current ferns and fossils (Corvez and Grand 2014). The evolution of the Xper3 platform and the perspectives offered by this link with semantic web standards will be discussed.

scholarly journals Knowledge Representation of Highly Dynamic Ontologies Using Defeasible Logic

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 948-954
Keyword(s):  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Description Logic ◽  
Defeasible Logic ◽  
Small Domain ◽  
Automated Support ◽  
Logical Rules

Description logic gives us the ability of reasoning with acceptable computational complexity with retaining the power of expressiveness. The power of description logic can be accompanied by the defeasible logic to manage non-monotonic reasoning. In some domains, we need flexible reasoning and knowledge representation to deal the dynamicity of such domains. In this paper, we present a DL representation for a small domain that describes the connections between different entities in a university publication system to show how could we deal with changeability in domain rules. An automated support can be provided on the basis of defeasible logical rules to represent the typicality in the knowledge base and to solve the conflicts that might happen.

scholarly journals MAIN ASPECTS OF EDUCATIONAL VIDEO MATERIALS DESIGN FOR USE IN EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Liliia Varchenko-Trotsenko ◽  
Viktoriia Vember ◽  
Tetiana Terletska
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Interactive Video ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Educational Video ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
Corporate Education ◽  
Electronic Learning ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Higher Educational

One of the modern trends in both formal and corporate education is microlearning which involves using short videos in educational process. Microlearning has a variety of advantages including that this approach is more student-oriented, aimed at increasing the level of mastering knowledge, requires less time spent by students for learning, gives a possibility to study at any time and anywhere using own devices, increases motivation etc. The article deals with methodological aspects of creating educational video materials taking into account psychological peculiarities and learning habits of modern students. Video materials belong to the most powerful tools in educational process as they provide students with the possibility of simultaneous perception of auditory and visual information. Video materials must be strictly structured and involve students into learning process, in particular they could be included into different sources of electronic learning courses (ELC). There are different types of videos that are used in ELC such as introductory video, video lectures, video tutorials, additional video materials, interactive video. In spite of content variety all video materials undergo the same procedure of creation including dividing material into logically finished parts, notions definition, writing content questions, components structuring etc. Recording of a video must be a thoroughly planned process to ensure high quality of outcoming product. The article also deals with peculiarities of webinars as one of the possibilities of using video materials in educational process of higher educational institutions. Different types of webinars are analysed including tutorial webinar, lecture webinar, practical webinar. The article also deals with peculiarities of webinars as one of the possibilities of using video materials in educational process of higher educational institutions. Different types of webinars are analysed including tutorial webinar, lecture webinar, practical webinar. A comparative analysis of different webinar-oriented platforms has also been made.

scholarly journals SKAITMENINĖS HUMANITARIKOS IŠPLĖTIMO SEMANTINIAME ŽINIATINKLYJE GALIMYBĖS: KROATIJOS VIDURAMŽIŲ RANKRAŠČIŲ, INKUNABULŲ IR JŲ FRAGMENTŲ ATVEJO ANALIZĖ

Knygotyra ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 254-277
Author(s):  
MARIJANA TOMIĆ ◽  
MIRNA WILLER
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Linked Open Data

Rankraščių rinkiniai – tai labai įvairaus pobūdžio rankraščiai, paprastai apibrėžiami kaip „ranka ant popieriaus arba pergamento užrašytas tekstas arba dokumentas“ (Peter Beal). Tai gali būti šeimos ar asmeniniai dokumentai, dienoraščiai, laiškai, archyvų rinkiniai ir kt. Viduramžių rankraščiai – kodeksai, žemėlapiai, muzikos kūriniai arba jų fragmentai – sudaro specialią rankraš­čių rūšį. Kaip ir inkunabulai, rankraščių rinkiniai yra vertingiausia bibliotekų paveldo dalis, dėl jų mus pasiekia itin daug informacijos apie viduramžių istoriją, kultūrą, literatūrą, socialinę istoriją, gyvenimo tendencijas. Be šių šaltinių informacija būtų dingusi. Senų ir retų rankraščių tyri­mai svarbūs tiek šalies, tiek visos Europos kultūros ir socialinei istorijai. Žvelgiant iš humanitarinių mokslų perspektyvos, būtina išskirti keletą veiksnių, kurie lėmė reikšmingus pokyčius tyrinėjant rankraščius ir pirmąsias spausdintines knygas. Pa­čiu svarbiausiu laikomas informacinių technologijų poveikis beveik visoms tyrimo sritims. Šie pokyčiai lėmė ir naujos disciplinos – skaitmeninių humanitarinių mokslų atsiradimą. Pasak Toby’o Burrowso, viduramžių tyrinėtojai yra „pažangiausi skaitmeninių technologi­jų taikymo humanitarinių mokslų tyrimuose atstovai“. Vis dėlto T. Burrowsas išskiria ir keletą keblumų, susijusių su interneto ir skaitmeninės bibliotekos paslaugomis. Jis nurodo „integracijos ir sąveikos tarp daugybės skirtingų interneto svetainių stygių“ bei terminolo­gijos nenuoseklumą taikant aprašomuosius standartus. Savo ruožtu tai sukelia probleminę situaciją, nes „tyrinėtojams visame pasaulyje kyla daug sunkumų rasti, naudotis ir dalytis žiniomis apie viduramžių rankraščių kolekcijas“. Visiškai pritariame T. Burrowso minčiai, kad šią problemą galima išspręsti sukuriant tarptautinę bendradarbiavimo infrastruktūrą, kuri leistų tvarkyti turinį ir tarpusavyje susijusias žinias. Mūsų nuomone, ši infrastuktūra gali būti įgyvendinta technologinėje semantinio žiniatinklio ir sujungtų atvirų duomenų (angl. Semantic Web and Linked Open Data) terpėje. Straipsnyje aptariami viduramžių rankraščių ir inkunabulų bei jų fragmentų tyrimai ir šių šal­tinių aprašymas kaip skaitmeninių humanitarinių mokslų projekto dalis, taikant šią naują tech­nologiją. Nagrinėjamas šios srities Kroatijos Zadaro universiteto Informacijos mokslų fakulteto vykdomas mokslinių tyrimų projektas. Projekto tikslas – atrinkti duomenų elementus, reikalingus tiksliam minėtų šaltinių aprašymui ir jų standartizavimui, naudojant senų ir retų knygų tyrinėtojų parengtas bibliografijos, kodikologijos, paleografijos bei tipografijos ontologijas.Straipsnyje pateikiamas ir trumpas technologinės semantinio tinklo infrastruktūros bei jo standartų įvadas. Detaliai aprašoma metodika, padedanti paskelbti pasirinktą žodyną kaip vieną iš metaduomenų registro paslaugų. Pateikiamas sujungtų atvirų duomenų paskelbimo pavyzdys – pri­statatomas grafikas, vaizduojantis iš dalies rekonstruoto rankraščio fragmento aprašymą. Kadangi visos minėtos disciplinos naudoja savo žodynus ir ontologijas, straipsnio autorės siūlo orientuotis ne į vieno bendro žodyno naudojimą, o į atitinkamų terminų sąsajų projektavimą vadovaujantis SKOS taisyklėmis. Taip būtų kuriami būsimos tarptautinės bendradarbiavimo struktūros pagrindai.

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