Chapter 2. Grammatical structures and oral fluency in immediate task repetition

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-73
Author(s):  
Nel de Jong ◽  
Philip Tillman
Keyword(s):  
Task Repetition ◽  
Oral Fluency ◽  
Grammatical Structures

scholarly journals TASK REPETITION AND SECOND LANGUAGE SPEECH PROCESSING

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Lambert ◽  
Judit Kormos ◽  
Danny Minn
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Task Type ◽  
Task Repetition ◽  
Oral Fluency ◽  
Japanese Learners Of English ◽  
Japanese Learners ◽  
Task Types

This study examines the relationship between the repetition of oral monologue tasks and immediate gains in L2 fluency. It considers the effect of aural-oral task repetition on speech rate, frequency of clause-final and midclause filled pauses, and overt self-repairs across different task types and proficiency levels and relates these findings to specific stages of L2 speech production (conceptualization, formulation, and monitoring). Thirty-two Japanese learners of English sampled at three levels of proficiency completed three oral communication tasks (instruction, narration, and opinion) six times. Results revealed that immediate aural-oral same task repetition was related to gains in oral fluency regardless of proficiency level or task type. Overall gains in speech rate were the largest across the first three performances of each task type but continued until the fifth performance. More specifically, however, clause-final pauses decreased until the second performance, midclause pauses decreased up to the fourth, and self-repairs decreased only after the fourth performance, indicating that task repetition may have been differentially related to specific stages in the speech production process.

scholarly journals Individual differences in memory predict changes in breakdown and repair fluency but not speed fluency: A short-term fluency training intervention study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Yuichi Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Associative Memory ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Attention Control ◽  
Oral Narrative ◽  
Repetition Condition ◽  
Task Repetition ◽  
Fluency Training ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Oral Fluency

Abstract The purpose of this intervention study is to reveal the extent to which memory-related aptitudes are implicated in the second language (L2) fluency development fostered by task repetition. English L2 learners are engaged in oral narrative tasks three times per day under two different 3-day task repetition schedules: blocked (Day 1: A-A-A, Day 2: B-B-B, Day 3: C-C-C) versus interleaved (Day 1: A-B-C, Day 2: A-B-C, Day 3: A-B-C). Their phonological short-term memory (PSTM), attention control, and associative memory were used as predictors of fluency changes measured through speed, breakdown, and repair fluency behaviors. Results showed that while the articulation rate change was not explained by any of the examined predictors, breakdown and repair fluency were predicted by different memory components. Specifically, PSTM was associated with mid-clause pause decrease during the training phase, while associative memory was linked to the increase in clause-final pauses in the posttest. Attention control, as well as PSTM, was related to greater repair frequency in the posttest, indicating increased learners’ attention to speech monitoring. Furthermore, PSTM and associative memory contributed to reducing breakdown fluency in the blocked repetition condition only, suggesting that learners can capitalize on their memory for improving oral fluency by engaging in blocked practice.

scholarly journals HOW TO DEVELOP ORAL FLUENCY WHEN TEACHING ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11(79)) ◽  
pp. 192-194
Author(s):  
Anzhela Gordyeyeva
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
English For Specific Purposes ◽  
Task Repetition ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Oral Fluency ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
And Task

The article deals with the problem of oral fluency when teaching English for specific purposes. It highlights the importance of the development of fluency in English speaking class and investigates the factors that can make speaking more fluent. In this research we try to explain why speaking is complicated showing the functions of speech production, analyzing the notion of speaking competence and demonstrating the best speech conditions under which speaking fluency can be increased. With this purpose we describe the ways of developing fluency focusing on pretask planning and task repetition as some of the best ways of enhancing the ability to speak a foreign language easily well and quickly.

Framework for Selecting Vocabulary for Preliterate Children Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1000-1009
Author(s):  
Allison Bean ◽  
Lindsey Paden Cargill ◽  
Samantha Lyle
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
School Based ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Nonverbal Children ◽  
Grammatical Structures ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

Purpose Nearly 50% of school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) provide services to school-age children who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). However, many SLPs report having insufficient knowledge in the area of AAC implementation. The objective of this tutorial is to provide clinicians with a framework for supporting 1 area of AAC implementation: vocabulary selection for preliterate children who use AAC. Method This tutorial focuses on 4 variables that clinicians should consider when selecting vocabulary: (a) contexts/environments where the vocabulary can be used, (b) time span during which the vocabulary will be relevant, (c) whether the vocabulary can elicit and maintain interactions with other people, and (d) whether the vocabulary will facilitate developmentally appropriate grammatical structures. This tutorial focuses on the role that these variables play in language development in verbal children with typical development, verbal children with language impairment, and nonverbal children who use AAC. Results Use of the 4 variables highlighted above may help practicing SLPs select vocabulary that will best facilitate language acquisition in preliterate children who use AAC.

Sentence Structures of Trainable and Educable Mentally Retarded Subjects

1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 722-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn S. Bliss ◽  
Doris V. Allen ◽  
Georgia Walker
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Linguistic Processing ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
Educable Mentally Retarded ◽  
Story Completion ◽  
Grammatical Structures ◽  
Trainable Mentally Retarded

Educable and trainable mentally retarded children were administered a story completion task that elicits 14 grammatical structures. There were more correct responses from educable than from trainable mentally retarded children. Both groups found imperatives easiest, and future, embedded, and double-adjectival structures most difficult. The children classed as educable produced more correct responses than those termed trainable for declarative, question, and single-adjectival structures. The cognitive and linguistic processing of both groups is discussed as are the implications for language remediation.

DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES BETWEEN GERMAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES/Actual Problems of Applied Sciences Journal World, 2(12), 2019/ Chief Editor Markus Hemmer: Open European Academy of Public Sciences (OEAPS Inc.). Barcelona, Spain, 2019. PP.18-21.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamola Akmalovna Abdukhakimova ◽  
Makhliyo Tulkin qizi Absamadova
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Chief Editor ◽  
European Academy ◽  
Grammatical Structures

This article illustrates not only differences but also some similarities between German and English languages. Students who are learning both languages which mentioned before will confuse them during learning process. They may face some issues including grammatical structures, word patterns and its formation, pronunciation as well. In order to deal with above-mentionedproblem, researchers vividly give basic examples for, especially, Uzbek learners who are about to acquire both English and German languages simultaneously or respectively.

Indexicality of Grammar: The Case of Japanese Transgender Speakers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideko Abe
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Identity Disorder ◽  
Grammatical Gender ◽  
Core Structure ◽  
Subject Positions ◽  
Transgender Identity ◽  
The Core ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Scholarship ◽  
Grammatical Structures

This article discusses how the intersection of grammatical gender and social gender, entwined in the core structure of language, can be analyzed to understand the dynamic status of selfhood. After reviewing a history of scholarship that demonstrates this claim, the discussion analyzes the language practices of transgender individuals in Japan, where transgender identity is currently understood in terms of sei-dōitsusei-shōgai (gender identity disorder). Based on fieldwork conducted between 2011 and 2017, the analysis reveals how individuals identifying with sei-dōitsusei-shōgai negotiate subject positions by manipulating the specific indexical meanings attached to grammatical structures.

scholarly journals Linguistic structures and functions of thesis and dissertation titles in Dentistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Alberto Morales ◽  
Bexi Perdomo ◽  
Daniel Cassany ◽  
Rosa María Tovar ◽  
Élix Izarra
Keyword(s):  
Single Unit ◽  
English Language ◽  
Genre Studies ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Nominal Phrase ◽  
Research Students ◽  
Linguistic Structures ◽  
Grammatical Structures

AbstractTitles play an important role in genre analysis. Cross-genre studies show that research paper and thesis titles have distinctive features. However, thesis and dissertation titles in the field of dentistry have thus far received little attention. Objective: To analyze the syntactic structures and their functions in English-language thesis and dissertation titles in dentistry. Methodology: We randomly chose 413 titles of English-language dentistry theses or dissertations presented at universities in 12 countries between January 2000 and June 2019. The resulting corpus of 5,540 running words was then analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively, the two complementary focuses being grammatical structures and their functions. Results: The average title length was 13.4 words. Over half of the titles did not include any punctuation marks. For compound titles, we found that colons, dashes, commas, and question marks were used to separate the different components, colons being the most frequent. Four syntactic structures (nominal phrase, gerund phrase, full-sentence, and prepositional phrase) were identified for single-unit titles. Single-unit nominal phrase titles constituted the most frequent structure in the corpus, followed by compound titles. Four particular rhetorical combinations of compound title components were found to be present throughout the corpus. Conclusions: Titles of dentistry theses and dissertation in English echo the content of the text body and make an important contribution to fulfilling the text’s communicative purposes. Thus, teaching research students about the linguistic features of thesis titles would be beneficial to help them write effective titles and also facilitate assessment by teachers.

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