Translation Studies in Europe—reasons for it, and problems to work on

Target ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Pym
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
European Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Cross Lingual ◽  
The Welfare State

As a social and political context for research on translation, the European Union offers pertinent commitments to multilingualism, inclusive territorial democracy, transparent governance and the welfare state, with enough public funding to pursue these aims seriously. All these features concern translation, not only to the extent that they create social demands for translations but more importantly in that they give our research an ethical and political dimension, in addition to the demands of various markets. However, when the consequences of these commitments are compared with actual European research and public policies concerning translation, several shortcomings become apparent. The comparison suggests that future tasks for Translation Studies in Europe should include: (1) serious attention to far more than the large territorial languages; (2) enhanced exchange with neighboring disciplines, especially with scholars working on language acquisition; (3) an acceptance that translated communication should concern involvement and interaction, in addition to public information; (4) a questioning of the Western translation form as the model best suited to interactive cross-lingual governance; and (5) experimentation with technologies that stimulate citizen involvement.

scholarly journals Les conséquences des politiques de régulation par délégation de pouvoirs à des agences indépendantes

Federalism-E ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Grandjean
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
New Form ◽  
European Markets ◽  
The Welfare State

Regulation of European markets has changed considerably since 1980. As a result of factors such as European integration, international forces, and the decline of the welfare state, European governments have opted for other development strategies. Most notably, there has been a movement to privatize state-owned industries, as well as to develop new constitutive rules of competition that aim to ensure market competition in order to both obtain optimal economic efficiency and most efficiently allocate resources. The economic role of the European Union has thus been reinforced accordingly. Moreover, an indirect form of government in such matters has also emerged. These strategies have ultimately developed into a new form of government, which is characterized by changes in the official functions, institutions, actors and the types of policies followed on the matters.[...]

Towards eGovernment in the Large

2011 ◽  
pp. 227-243
Author(s):  
Thomas Matheis ◽  
Jörg Ziemann ◽  
Peter Loos ◽  
Daniel Schmidt ◽  
Maria Wimmer
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Requirements Engineering ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
European Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Engineering Process ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Requirements Engineering Process ◽  
European Research Project

An increasing level of cooperation between public administrations nowadays on national, regional and local level requires methods to develop interoperable eGovernment solutions and leads to the necessity of an efficient evaluation and requirements engineering process that guides the establishment of systems and services used by public administrations in the European Union. In this chapter, the authors propose a framework to systematically gather and evaluate requirements for eGovernment in the large. The evaluation framework is designed to support requirements engineers to develop a suitable evaluation and requirements engineering process with respect to interoperable eGovernment solutions. The methodology is motivated and explained on the basis of a European research project.

Visual communication design

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-324
Author(s):  
Peter Simlinger
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Visual Communication ◽  
Public Information ◽  
International Standards ◽  
International Institute ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Graduate Studies ◽  
Visual Communication Design ◽  
Communication Design ◽  
The University

Abstract Having graduated in architecture at the University of Technology Wien [Vienna], I subsequently engaged in post-graduate studies at The Bartlett School of Architecture and Planning / University College London. Corporate design and signage design attracted my attention. Back home a major bank and Vienna airport (VIE), among others, were the first clients of my company. As chairman of Committee 133 “Public information symbols” of “Austrian Standards”, I was responsible for the elaboration of several theme specific national and international standards. In 1993 I founded the IIID International Institute for Information Design. Several r&d projects within the frame of the 6th and 7th European Union Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development were carried out. However, due to the required but denied support from the Austrian Ministry of Science and Research, the founding of an interdisciplinary institute, affiliated to the United Nations University (UNU), did not materialize. No chance either to establish “Visual Communication Design” at a local university. Until now the Department of Typography and Graphic Communication of The University of Reading (UK) seems to be the only theme specific institution on tertiary university level in Europe. Challenges nowadays range from legible medical package inserts to a much required unified system for the European Union highway signs.

scholarly journals Estimation of cancers caused by light to moderate alcohol consumption in the European Union

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pol Rovira ◽  
Jürgen Rehm
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Public Information ◽  
World Health ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Standard Drink ◽  
Moderate Drinking ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Background Research has identified alcohol to be an important risk factor for several types of cancers. This study estimates the number of incident cancers attributable to alcohol consumption in the European Union (EU) in 2017, with a special focus on those caused by light to moderate drinking levels. Methods The attributable-fraction methodology is used to estimate the number of new cancer cases in the year 2017 in the EU caused by alcohol use, and further examines those due to light to moderate drinking levels, defined here as alcohol consumption of <20 g of pure alcohol per day. Results Light to moderate drinking levels of alcohol caused almost 23 000 new cancer cases in the EU in 2017, and accounted for 13.3% of all alcohol-attributable cancers, and 2.3% of all cases of the seven alcohol-related cancer types. Almost half of these (∼11 000 cases) were female breast cancers. Also, more than a third of the cancer cases due to light to moderate drinking resulted from a light drinking level of <1 standard drink per day (total: 37%; women: 40%; men: 32%). Conclusions Alcohol use, including light to moderate drinking, continues to cause considerable cancer burden, and efforts should be made to reduce this burden. In addition to the alcohol control policies suggested by the World Health Organization, public information campaigns and the placement of warning labels on alcohol containers advising of the cancer risk associated with alcohol use should be initiated to increase knowledge about the alcohol-cancer link.

The European Union and translation studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 63-80
Author(s):  
Alice Leal
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Crucial Element ◽  
The One ◽  
Similar Dynamic ◽  
The Eu

The tension between unity versus multiplicity seems to be at the heart of the European Union (EU) and of translation studies (TS). Indeed, a significant parallel between the two is the use of English as a lingua franca (ELF). The EU appears to be torn between a notion of language as a crucial element of one’s identity on the one hand, and a predominantly instrumental, Lockean view of language, on the other. A similar dynamic appears to take place in TS, an area that is par excellence heterogeneous and in which the notion of difference plays a paramount role. Indeed, at times TS appears to be afflicted by a sense of self-consciousness regarding its lack of unity and homogeneity. According to some, the solution is to foster the standardisation of its methods and terminology. But would proposing standardised terminology in a standardised language for the area not inevitably entail repressing different approaches in different languages? The paper explores this question in the context of the use of English as a lingua franca, and proposes various ways out of the dilemma both for the EU and TS.

scholarly journals From Strategic Partnership to Limited Cooperation. Polish-Ukrainian Relations 2015–2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Mróz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Eu

The previous model of the Polish-Ukrainian relations has come to an end, while the new one is in the phase of statu nascendi. The fundamental contradiction of the basic interests of Kiev and Warsaw has worked out and is still relevant up to date. While Ukraine is looking for ways to integrate with the EU and needs a strong Europe, putting on Paris and Berlin, and thus ipso facto focusing on strengthening the European community, Poland has entered the path of euro-skepticism and quasi-Jagiellonian policy. The concept of a good change has triggered the most serious reorientation in foreign policy of Poland over the last quarter of a century. The amazement of the outside observers, also in Ukraine, might be aroused by the fact that Polish Eastern policy has been pursued by the same circle of experts under the previous government of the PO–PSL coalition as well as under the current government of the PiS-led united right. After several years of the right-wing rule the Ukrainian analysts see the growing degradation process of Poland’s significance in Europe, its increasing confrontational tendencies towards countries outside the European Union, including relations with Ukraine. Primarily, it is a political dimension, though, it can be perceived also as a symbolic dimension and symbols mean a lot in politics. Key words: Poland; Ukraine; European Union; NATO; United States of America; Russian Federation; Intermarium; Germany.

scholarly journals EU-BREXIT-CEE-UKRAINE: EUROPE’S HEALTHIER FUTURE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC LEADERSHIP

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (Issue Vol 20, No 3 (2021)) ◽  
pp. 423-439
Author(s):  
Eckhard FREYER
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
European Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
The Eu

The horrors of WWII changed history and created a better Europe based on a Common market as an essential signal of unity among the EU member states. Now generations have grown up in peace and growing prosperity. However, a decade ago, ECB/EU had to overcome the EU-euro-financial crisis and now Brexit. In addition, Covid19 crisis brings many pressing problems, as the Coronavirus pandemic is likely to result in Europe/Germany’s largest economic downturn in the last seven decades. Loss of prosperity, des-integration in the European Union could escalate further. Even in academic and scientific institutions and in European research networks difficulties are relevant. Can we overcome Brexit / Corona and create a healthy Europe that is a global socioeconomic leader? Based on our Cultural Heritage across Europe we must look further than Brexit, and even more seek solutions to the Ukrainian conflict.

scholarly journals EU-BREXIT-CEE-UKRAINE: EUROPE’S HEALTHIER FUTURE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC LEADERSHIP

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (Vol 19, No 3 (2020)) ◽  
pp. 423-439
Author(s):  
Eckhard FREYER
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
European Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
The Eu

The horrors of WWII changed history and created a better Europe based on a Common market as an essential signal of unity among the EU member states. Now generations have grown up in peace and growing prosperity. However, a decade ago, ECB/EU had to overcome the EU-euro-financial crisis and now Brexit. In addition, Covid19 crisis brings many pressing problems, as the Coronavirus pandemic is likely to result in Europe/Germany’s largest economic downturn in the last seven decades. Loss of prosperity, des-integration in the European Union could escalate further. Even in academic and scientific institutions and in European research networks difficulties are relevant. Can we overcome Brexit / Corona and create a healthy Europe that is a global socioeconomic leader? Based on our Cultural Heritage across Europe we must look further than Brexit, and even more seek solutions to the Ukrainian conflict.

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