Introduction: Language variation, contact, and change in grammar and sociolinguistics

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tor A. Åfarli ◽  
Brit Maehlum
Keyword(s):  
Language Variation

INTERFERENSI GRAMATIKAL DALAM KUMPULAN CERPEN BIARKAN AKU MEMULAI KARYA NURUL F. HUDA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Zimmatul Liviana
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Language Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Ofthe Object ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The research grammatical interference in a collection ofshort stories Biarkan Aku Memula iwork Nurul F. Hudaisa collection ofshort storiesset in the back that Is start work Let Nurul F. Huda contains many grammatical interference.The problem of this   study were(1)how   the various morphologi calinterference containedin   a   collection of short stories Biarkan Aku Memulai work Nurul F. Huda. (2)how the various syntactic interference contained in a collection of short stories Biarkan Aku Memulai work Nurul F. Huda. The purposeof this studyis to describe the morphological and         Syntactic interference contained in a collection of short stories Biarkan Aku Memulai work Nurul F. Huda. Sociolinguistics is the study of language variation and use in society. Interference is the event of the use of language elements of one into the other language elements that occur in the speakers themselves. This research uses descriptive qualitative method because to describe the actual realityin order to obtainan accurateand objective. Qualitative descriptive methods were used to analyzethe elements ofa word orphrase that incorporated elements of other languages with the analysis and description of the formulation of the problem is the answer. Data collection techniques using observation techniques, the determination ofthe object of research, the selection of short stories.Based on the analysis of the data in this study can be found that there are six forms of interference morphology, namely (1) the prefix nasal N-sound, (2) the addition of the suffix, (3) the exchange prefix, (4) exchange suffixes, (5) exchange konfiks, (6) removal affixes. While the syntactic interference only on the words and phrases in a sentence. The results of the study it can be concluded that the interference morphology more common than syntactic interference.

Zur Pragmatik und Grammatik der Wissenschaftskommunikation. Ein Modellierungsvorschlag

Fachsprache ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 36-60
Author(s):  
Mathilde Hennig ◽  
Dániel Czicza
Keyword(s):  
Language Variation ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Communication In Science

The article aims to examine grammatical features and pragmatic concerns of communicating in the sciences. In the research of certain languages, it became common to explaingrammatical features such as the usage of passive voice and nominal structures by communication requirements such as objectivity and precision. With the assumption that communication in science is designed to help gain and spread new insight, the authors tried to integrate several approaches to pragmatic and grammatical features of communication. By discussing the relationship between the grammar of certain languages and of the corresponding common language, the article also places the subject of communication in the sciences in the discipline of language variation.

INOVASI FONOLOGIS DENASALISASI DALAM ISOLEK BONAI ULAKPATIAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Yanti Riswara
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Language Variation ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Linguistic Study ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Research Findings

The paper is aimed at describing a language variation, that is Ulakpatian Bonai isolect  in Riau Province. This is a kind of historical linguistic study which  is objected to describe a phonological inovation process of denasalisation among nasal phonemes at final positions or at close ultimate sillables in an isolect used by Bonai tribe in Ulakpatian, Rokan Hulu District,  Riau  Province.  Analysis  of  inavation is based on protomalayic (PM)  which  is reconstructed by Adelaar.The research applicates  top-down method of anaysis which are gaining  the  results by deductive process. Data of  this  research are oral  speech of Bonai people  based  on  200  Swadesh  words.  The  data  are  gathered  by  conversational  and listening  methods  which  applied  several  techniques.  The  results  of  the  analysis  are presented by formal and informal methods. The research findings reveal that the language of the tribe shows three kinds of denasalisation of phonological innovation at final position which  have  changed  the  nasal  phonemes  of  *PM  to  unnasal  ones  in  isolek  Bonai Ulakpatian: (*PM > BU) , i.e. 1) PM *n/-# > []/-#, 2) PM *m/-# > [p]/-#, dan 3) PM * /-# > [g]/-#.Abstrak  Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan sebuah variasi bahasa, yaitu isolek Bonai Ulakpatian yang terdapat di Provinsi Riau. Kajian ini merupakan kajian linguistik historis yang memaparkan proses inovasi fonologis denasalisasi yang terjadi pada fonem-fonem nasal yang berada pada posisi akhir atau silabe ultima tertutup dalam sebuah isolek yang digunakan oleh suku Bonai di Desa Ulakpatian, Kabupaten Rokan Hulu. Analisis inovasi fonologis tersebut didasarkan pada protomalayik (PM) yang direkonstruksi oleh Adelaar. Kajian ini menerapkan mentode analisis top-down yang bersifat deduktif. Data penelitian merupakan data tuturan masyarakat suku Bonai yang mengacu pada 200 kosakata dasar yang dijadikan rujukan dalam penjaringan data kebahasaan. Data dikumpulkan dengan penerapan metode cakap dan metode simak dengan menggunakan teknik pancing dan teknik rekam. Data dideskripsikan secara fonetis dengan simbol IPA. Hasil penelitian disajikan dengan metode formal dan informal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolek Bonai Ulakpatian memiliki tiga bentuk inovasi fonologis denasalisasi pada posisi akhir beberapa fonem nasal *PM menjadi taknasal pada isolek BU (*PM > BU) , yaitu 1) PM *n/-# > []/-#, 2) PM *m/-# > [p]/-#, dan 3) PM * /-# > [g]/-#.

KALIMAT TUNGGAL DAN MAJEMUK BAHASA MELAYU DIALEK DALU-DALU KECAMATAN TAMBUSAI

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Etri Wermi
Keyword(s):  
Language Variation ◽  
Original Language ◽  
Data Collecting ◽  
Simple Sentences ◽  
Regional Languages ◽  
Descriptive Method

The aim of this research is in order to prevent the fading of Dalu-Dalu Kecamatan Tambusai Dialect of Malay language from other regional languages, so that the original language will not extinguish. This research was handled in the middle of April 2004 until  finish,  in Dalu-Dalu, Kecamatan Tambusai. The material  compositions are  the  theory used, dialect,  syntax meaning, language  variation,  and  single  sentences,  simple  sentences,  aquivalent compound sentences.  The  materials  were  analyzed  by  using  descriptive  method. Data  collecting technique without statisticts. After doing the research for approximately three months, it can be  concluded  that  Dalu-Dalu  dialect  of  Malay  language  is  used  by  communiy  in communication formally and informally.Abstrak   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencegah terjadinya pelunturan Bahasa Melayu Dialek Dalu-Dalu  Kecamatan  Tambusai  oleh  bahasa  daerah  lainnya,  sehingga  tidak  akan  terlihat  lagi keasliannya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada pertengahan April 2004 sampai dengan selesai, di  daerah  Dalu-Dalu,  Kecamatan  Tambusai.  Komposisi materi  yang  digunakan  yaitu  teori yang  dipergunakan,  dialek,  pengertian sintaksis,  variasi  bahasa,  dan  kalimat  tunggal,  serta kalimat  majemuk  setara.  Materi-materi  tersebut  diteliti  dengan  metode  deskriptif  dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, rekaman, dan wawancara, beserta penganalisisan data  dengan menggunakan  teknik  tidak  statistik.  Setelah melakukan  penelitian  baik  secara langsung maupun  tidak  langsung  selama  kurang  lebih  tiga  bulan, maka  dapat  disimpulkan bahwa  penggunaan  Bahasa Melayu  Dialek  Dalu-Dalu  Kecamatan  Tambusai  dipergunakan oleh masyarakat pemakainya dalam berkomunikasi baik formal maupun informal.

Scribes, Repertoires, and Variation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eitan Grossman ◽  
Jennifer Cromwell
Keyword(s):  
Language Variation ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Historical Sociolinguistics ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Linguistic Practices ◽  
Culturally Embedded

As in spoken language, variation abounds in written texts. In the latter, linguistic and extralinguistic variation coexists: one finds variation in lexical and grammatical features, as well as in other textual parameters such as orthography, phraseology and formulary, palaeography, layout, and formatting. Such variation occurs both within the written output of individuals and across broader corpora that represent ‘communities’ of diverse types. To encapsulate this, we use the inclusive term ‘scribal repertoires’, a concept that is intended to cover the entire set of linguistic and non-linguistic practices that are prone to variation within and between manuscripts, while placing focus on scribes as socially and culturally embedded agents, whose choices are reflected in texts. This conceptualization of scribal variation, inspired by the relatively recent field of historical sociolinguistics, is applied to a range of phenomenon in the scribal cultures of premodern Egypt, across languages and socio-historical settings.

scholarly journals Possessives, from Franco-Provençal and Occitan Systems to Contact Dialects in Apulia and Calabria

Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Benedetta Baldi ◽  
Leonardo Maria Savoia
Keyword(s):  
Language Variation ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
North West ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Complex Knowledge ◽  
Italian Dialects ◽  
Transfer Mechanisms

This article investigates the contact-induced reorganization of the possessive system in the Gallo-Romance dialects spoken from around the 12th century in the villages of Celle and Faeto in North Apulia and Guardia Piemontese in North-West Calabria. Gallo-Romance possessives exclude the article in the prenominal position, whereas in the Southern Italian dialects, possessives follow the noun preceded by the definite article. This original contrast is no longer visible in the varieties of Celle, Faeto and Guardia which changed the original prenominal position to the postnominal position combining with the article, except with kinship terms, preserving the original prenominal position. At the heart of contact phenomena, there are bilingualism and transfer mechanisms between the languages included in the complex knowledge of the speaker, suggesting a test bed for the treatment of language variation and parameterization. We propose an account of morpho-syntactic and interpretive properties of possessives, making use of the insights from the comparison of contact systems with prenominal (Franco-Provençal and Occitan varieties) and postnominal (Southern Italian dialects) possessives. The final part examines the distribution of possessives, tracing it back to the definiteness properties of DP and proposes a phasal treatment based on syntactic and interpretive constraints.

scholarly journals Language variation in source texts and their translations

Target ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montse Corrius ◽  
Patrick Zabalbeascoa
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Language Variation ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Third Language ◽  
Feature Films ◽  
Convergence And Divergence

In addition to the two languages essentially involved in translation, that of the source text (L1) and that of the target text (L2), we propose a third language (L3) to refer to any other language(s) found either or both texts. L3 may appear in the source text (ST) or the target text (TT), actually appearing more frequently in STs in our case studies. We present a range of combinations for the convergence and divergence of L1, L2 and L3, for the case of feature films and their translations using examples from dubbed and subtitled versions of films, but we are hopeful that our tentative conclusions may be relevant to other modalities of translation, audiovisual and otherwise. When L3 appears in an audiovisual ST, we find a variety of solutions whereby L3 is deleted from or adapted to the TT. In the latter case, L3 might be rendered in a number of ways, depending on factors such as the audience’s familiarity with L3, and the possibility that L3 in the ST is an invented language.

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