Two types of morphologically expressed non-verbal predication

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pier Marco Bertinetto ◽  
Luca Ciucci ◽  
Margherita Farina
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Form ◽  
Case Marker ◽  
Verbal Predicate ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
First Time ◽  
Morphological Expression

Abstract The morphological expression of non-verbal predication is a geographically widespread, although not very frequent, typological feature. This paper highlights the existence of two radically contrasting types of non-verbal predicative inflection. Construction A has already been described in the literature. It consists of attaching person-sensitive inflection markers to non-verbal predicates, possibly extending this treatment to adverbs and adverbial phrases (locational and temporal), pronouns and quantifiers. This type is well attested in Uralic, Turkic, and Paleosiberian, as well as in some Amazonian language families (most notably Chicham), but it has also been pointed out for some sparse languages of Oceania and Africa. Such non-verbal person inflections diachronically stem from incorporation of conjugated copula elements. Construction B, by contrast, is much rarer and is described here for the first time. It also consists of a dedicated morphological form of the non-verbal predicate (limited, however, to nouns and adjectives), but such form stands out as morphologically lighter than any other form to be found in nouns or adjectives in argument or attribute position. While the latter forms carry some kind of case marker, the noun/adjective predicate merely consists (or historically did) of the word’s root. This type of construction can be found in the small Zamucoan family and still survives in some Tupí-Guaraní languages. Diachronic inspection of Semitic indicates, however, that this predicative strategy was possibly adopted in some ancient varieties, although at later stages it intertwined with the expression of referential specificity. The paper compares the two construction types, highlighting similarities and differences.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF SUBSTANTIVISATION IN THE HUNGARIAN LANGUAGE IN COMPARISON WITH RUSSIAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-213
Author(s):  
Antonina Petrovna Guskova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Russian Linguistics ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Semantic Models ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
First Time

Recently transposition became the issue of many research papers for being a complicated and sophisticated language phenomenon, and its definition has been broadened. The issue of transposition and the degrees of verb transitivity are the most controversial and difficult ones both in Hungarian and Russian linguistics. This issue may be investigated on different language levels: lexical, syntactic, morphological and on the level of word formation. Taking into account the mobility of parts of speech boundaries in the compared languages we attempt to find the cause of words transitioning from one lexico-grammatical class into another, investigate transposition as a natural phenomenon both for the Hungarian and Russian languages, differentiate transition in parts of the speech system from other language phenomena, solve some contentious issues regarding parts of speech, for example ‘noun-adjective’ relations, and others. Despite having extensive literature concerning nominalization in Russian linguistics and some works in Hungarian linguistics, some aspects are not comprehensively covered in them. For example, different types of transitions from other parts of speech into nouns, thorough semantic and thematic categorization of substantivized words, characteristics of their functioning in texts of different functional styles, principles of creating lexicography, etc. In this article we compare the process of substantivation amidst the system of parts of speech in languages of such different structure as Hungarian and Russian. Comprehensive and comparative study of the process of transition of other parts of speech into nouns allows us to conduct a deeper investigation of each of these languages’ structure and also to reveal typological similarities and differences between them. These languages have not been explored this way so it provides scientific novelty to the research. For the first time we define the main conditions of a systematic process of transposition in Hungarian and Russian and reveal both specific and universal opportunities for transition in the compared languages. We use comparative analysis for researching semantic models of substantivized words, distinguish different types of transitions into nouns and describe structural and stylistic features. Thus, the topic of the research is the grammatical, semantic, structural and stylistic features of substantivized words in Hungarian and Russian. The objective of the study is to discover linguistic nature of substantivation of adjectives, verbs and verbal formations, numerals and pronouns, to find out specific and universal features caused by typological differences of the researched languages. To achieve this goal we need to solve the following problems: determining the place of substantivation in the system of word formation in Hungarian and Russian, discovering how much substantivation and conversion being productive ways of word formation are identical in Russian and Hungarian, distinguishing semantic models of substantivized words and compare them, comparing models of usual and occasional substantivation and determine its productivity, studying their structure which means showing peculiarities of substantivized words’ grammatical structure in Hungarian and Russian, discovering similarities and differences between them and finding adequate models. The research is based on data of dictionaries of Russian and Hungarian languages, examples of fictional texts, live speech and not the least on the idioms. Theoretical importance lies in the following: 1) the research develops the theory of transitivity as we study transposition in two languages of different structures using comparative analysis of substantivized words and taking into account grammatical, semantic and functional aspects; 2) using the materials of two languages of different structures we discover the main conditions of systematic transposition and distinguish its universal and specific features; 3) for the first time the problem of transposition is studied on the basis of Russian and Hungarian from a theoretical point of view (on the example of transition of other parts of speech into nouns); 4) we develop the methodology of a comprehensive approach to study substantivation in Hungarian and Russian which can be used when describing this phenomenon in other languages of different structures.

scholarly journals Biogeographic traits of the bryophyte flora of Serbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Jovana Pantovic ◽  
Svetlana Grdovic ◽  
Milan Veljic ◽  
Marko Sabovljevic
Keyword(s):  
National Strategy ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
First Time ◽  
Conservation And Management

The biogeography of bryophytes present in Serbia is analysed for the first time in this paper. Bryophyte spectra in different regions and units within the country are compared with each other, as well as with the Southeast European spectrum. The obtained results show similarities and differences in comparison with Southeast European bryophyte spectra, reveal certain biogeographical peculiarities of Serbia?s bryophytes and indicate regions of the country with an under-recorded bryoflora. The biogeographical characteristics of bryophytes also suggest a strong overlap with local climate types. These results should be taken into consideration when preparing a national strategy for conservation and management of bryophyte diversity.

scholarly journals Lovak billogozása Mongóliában és Magyarországon

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2018/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornélia Bán
Keyword(s):  
Shape Function ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
First Time

The aim of this study is to show the similarities and differences in Hungarianand Mongolian traditions and knowledge (from the 15–16th century in Hungary, and the 13–14th century in Mongolia) regarding horse branding. Thebasic points of comparison are the following: owner of the brand, numberand position of the brands on the animal, structure of the shape, function andmeaning of the brand. Although the general aspects of horse brands are similar in both cultures, the highlights and functions differ. The display ofbranding customs is supplemented with the author’s fieldwork conductedbetween 2014 and 2017, documenting two ceremonial branding events inMongolia. Descriptions of these events are published here for the first time.

Record of a nonbarred clastic shoreline

Geology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-342
Author(s):  
Manuel F. Isla ◽  
Ernesto Schwarz ◽  
Gonzalo D. Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Surf Zone ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Beach Profile ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Ancient Record ◽  
First Time

Abstract The morphology of wave-dominated clastic shorelines (i.e., foreshore and upper-shoreface sediments) can vary from barred to nonbarred, though the ancient record of nonbarred, sand-dominated shorelines has yet to be recognized. Here, a facies and quantitative architectural analysis of a clastic succession characterized by sandy inclined beds is presented and interpreted as the record of a high-gradient, nonbarred shoreline. Inclined beds dip seaward, have a tangential geometry (<3 m height, <40 m length, <11° dip), and are composed of planar lamination along the foresets and subordinate small-scale trough cross-bedding in the bottomsets. This facies distribution reflects a steep beach profile with a narrow surf zone and the development of plane beds both in foreshore and proximal upper-shoreface settings. Successive packages of inclined beds (a few tens of meters wide) are interpreted as the seaward accretion of this shoreline morphology, producing distinctive architectural elements (foresets and bottomsets). For the first time, we propose diagnostic criteria for identification in the rock record of the widely used modern nonbarred clastic shoreline model, and we contrast them with classical facies models of barred systems. Moreover, we discuss similarities and differences with radar-based Holocene coastal architectural elements, highlighting the need to incorporate detailed two-dimensional quantitative studies for refining the reconstruction of deep-time and recent clastic shorelines.

scholarly journals Left Ventricular Noncompaction: New Insights into a Poorly Understood Disease.

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dário Celestino Sobral Filho ◽  
Pedro Lukas do Rêgo Aquino ◽  
Guilherme de Souza Silva ◽  
Caroline Bernardi Fabro
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Noncompaction ◽  
Genetic Syndromes ◽  
Ventricular Noncompaction ◽  
Genetic Pattern ◽  
Blood Filling ◽  
Pattern Diagnosis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Morphological Expression

: Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a congenital pathology that directly affects the lining walls of myocardial tissue, causing trabeculations with blood filling in the inner wall of the heart, concomitantly with the development of a mesocardial thinning. Although LVNC was described for the first time as long ago as 1984, our understanding of the disease with regard to its genetic pattern, diagnosis, clinical presentation and treatment is still scanty. LVNC can present as an isolated condition or associated with congenital heart disease, genetic syndromes or neuromuscular disease. This suggests that LVNC is not a distinct form of cardiomyopathy, but rather a morphological expression of different diseases. Recognition of the disease is of fundamental importance because its clinical manifestations are variable, ranging from the absence of any symptom to congestive heart failure, lethal arrhythmias and thromboembolic events. The study of this disease has emphasized its genetic aspects, as it may be of sporadic origin or hereditary, in which case it most commonly has an autosomal dominant inheritance or one linked to the X chromosome. Echocardiography is the gold standard for diagnosis, and magnetic resonance imaging may refine the identification of the disease, especially in those patients with non-conclusive echocardiography. This article sets out to review the main characteristics of the LVNC and present updates, especially in the genetic pattern, diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

scholarly journals Plebiscites in Europe after the First World War

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2021) (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janez Osojnik ◽  
Aleš Maver
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
World War ◽  
Popular Vote ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
First Time ◽  
First World

The article discusses plebiscites held in years after the First World War, specifically in 1920 and 1921. They were conducted for the purpose of redrawing borders in areas where this was difficult due to their multinational structure, as well as economic, geographical, and historical factors. Thus, the great powers, who were on a winning side in the First World War, in some cases decided for an instrument of popular vote, which was not a novelty in history, but was then used for the first time to a greater extend. In the article, the authors present the similarities and differences between the discussed plebiscites.

scholarly journals The Plot of Heroic Battle in Buryat Versions of Epic about Geser

2020 ◽  
pp. 241-253
Author(s):  
Liudmila S. Dampilova ◽  
Evdokia E. Khabunova
Keyword(s):  
Epic Tradition ◽  
Heroic Epic ◽  
Local Tradition ◽  
Event Series ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Main Variant ◽  
Static Nature

To establish the genesis and transformation of motives in different versions of the Buryat epic texts about Geser, for the first time in a comparative typological aspect, a plot about a heroic battle is analyzed. The similarities and differences in the motive fund of one plot in different local traditions are determined. From the perspective of the main goal of the study to identify the initial motive fund characteristic of the epic tradition of the Mongol peoples, it is relevant and significant to highlight the variation of motives in the local tradition. The static nature of the event series in the invariant of the motives of the fight and victory in the Ekhirit-Bulagat version shows the presence of one main variant of the motive for the fight with the enemy: the traditional fight. The use of variants of the motive of traditional types of wrestling and archery and new variants of the motive: battle and group battles, fighting with the “force of the point”, that is, with a dagger, a spear is revealed in the article. A comparative typological analysis of the motive fund in one plot in different versions establishes the preservation and transformation of the epic text, a feature of the regional variants of the national epic. The revealed discrepancies in the development of the plot about the heroic battle and the composition of the motivational fund show different stages in the addition of two versions of the heroic epic.

scholarly journals Bishop Andrey (Ukhtomsky): Church Comprehension and Criticism of Ideology and Practice of Socialism

2021 ◽  
pp. 323-340
Author(s):  
A. A. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
State Power ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Christian Socialism ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church

The question of the attitude of the famous church publicist Bishop Andrey (Ukhtomsky) to the theory and practice of socialism in Russia and the USSR is considered. For the first time, the views of the bishop on the similarities and differences between socialist ideology and the Orthodox faith, starting with the events of the First Russian Revolution and ending with the Soviet period, are reconstructed and analyzed. Particular attention is paid to Andrey (Ukhtomsky)’s criticism of socialism, professed by left political forces and attempts to oppose it with a different socialism, which the church publicist called Christian and ecclesiastical. The legitimacy of classifying the bishop as a supporter of Christian socialism is questioned and a view is proposed according to which Bishop Andrey’s opposition to political socialism was forced and was intended to deprive the socialists of the monopoly on knowledge about the just reorganization of society, as well as to conduct polemics with the adherents of socialism in a way they understand language. It is argued that changing political views and attitudes towards various forms of state power throughout his life, Andrey (Ukhtomsky) remained consistent in upholding his views, both on the nature of socialism and on the ways to overcome it.

scholarly journals Understanding users: from man-made typologies to computer-generated clusters

2014 ◽  
Vol 115 (9/10) ◽  
pp. 412-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Gustav Johannsen
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
First Time ◽  
Library Profession ◽  
Library User ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The aim of this article is to identify the main approaches and discuss their perspectives, including their strengths and weaknesses in, especially, public library contexts. The purpose is also to present and discuss the results of a recent – 2014 – Danish library user segmentation project using computer-generated clusters. Compared to traditional marketing texts, this article also tries to identify users segments or images created by the library profession itself. Segmentation of users can help libraries in the process of understanding user similarities and differences. Segmentation can also form the basis for selecting segments as target users and for developing tailored services for specific target segments. Thus, several approaches and techniques have been tested in library contexts. Design/methodology/approach – Basically, the article is built upon a literature review concerning different approaches to user segmentation in, especially, public library context from approximately 1980 till now (May 2014). Findings – The article reveals that – at least – five different principal approaches to user segmentation have been applied by the library sector during the past 30-35 years. Characteristics, strengths and weaknesses of the different approaches are identified, discussed and evaluated. Practical implications – When making decisions on future library user surveys, it is certainly an advantage, concerning the ability to make qualified decision, to know what opportunities that are at hand for identifying important segments. Originality/value – Some of the approaches have been treated individually in the library literature; however, it is probably the first time that the professions own user images and metaphors are dealt with in a user segmentation context.

scholarly journals Compositional and Morphological Comparison among Three Coeval Violins Made by Giuseppe Guarneri “del Gesù” in 1734

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 884
Author(s):  
Giacomo Fiocco ◽  
Sebastian Gonzalez ◽  
Claudia Invernizzi ◽  
Tommaso Rovetta ◽  
Michela Albano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Preliminary Information ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ground Coat

In the present work, we had the opportunity to study the coating systems of three different coeval violins, namely “Spagnoletti”, “Stauffer”, and “Principe Doria”, made by Giuseppe Guarneri “del Gesù” in 1734. These three violins were non-invasively investigated by reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence. These two techniques were combined for the first time with a 3D laser scanner. The analytical campaign enabled the characterization of the materials and their distribution within the stratigraphy, mainly composed of varnish and, when present, of a proteinaceous ground coat. Some restoration materials were also identified, suggesting the application of different maintenance treatments undertaken during their history. The preliminary information about morphological and geometrical differences between the three coeval violins were acquired through the 3D laser scanner in order to observe similarities and differences in the design features among the three violins.

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