Sources of phonological variation in a large database for Dutch dialects

Abstract The lacI gene has been used extensively for the recovery and analysis of mutations in bacteria with various DNA repair backgrounds and after exposure to a wide variety of mutagens. This has resulted in a large database of information on mutational mechanisms and specificity of many mutagens, as well as the effect of DNA repair background on mutagenicity. Most importantly, knowledge about the mutational sensitivity of the lacI gene is now available, yielding information about mutable nucleotides. This popularity and available knowledge resulted in the use of the lacI gene in transgenic rodents for the study of mutagenesis in mammals, where it resides in ~40 repeated copies. As the number of sequenced mutations recovered from these animals increases, we are able to analyze the sites at which mutations have been recovered in great detail and to compare the recovered sites between bacteria and transgenic animals. The nucleotides that code for the DNA-binding domain are nearly saturated with base substitutions. Even after determining the sequences of ~10,000 mutations recovered from the animals, however, new sites and new changes are still being recovered. In addition, we compare the nature of deletion mutations between bacteria and animals. Based on the nature of deletions in the animals, we conclude that each deletion occurs in a single copy of the gene.

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Business Co-operatives in Australia: “Unlikely Soil for a Co-operative Movement”

Enterprise & Society ◽

10.1017/eso.2021.27 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Greg Patmore ◽

Nikola Balnave ◽

Olivera Marjanovic

Keyword(s):

Business Model ◽

Common Good ◽

Business Owners ◽

The Self ◽

Small Business Owners ◽

Large Database ◽

Average Life ◽

Direct Competition ◽

The Common ◽

Over Time

While co-operatives are traditionally associated with workers, consumers, and farmers, the business model, with its emphasis on democracy and community, has also been adopted by small business owners, the self-employed, and professionals. These business co-operatives are distinct phenomenon, because they primarily consist of independent organizational entities that are not co-operatives and are generally in direct competition with one another. They are unique in that they bring together separate organizations that seek to combat market threats while adopting a philosophy based on co-operative principles. This article begins with an overview of the Australian co-operative landscape. It then defines the concept of business co-operatives and then draws upon the Visual Atlas of Australian Co-operatives History Project, which has developed a large database of Australian co-operatives over time and space, to examine the development of business co-operatives in Australia. It looks at where business co-operatives formed in the economy, the motivation underlying their formation, their average life spans, and their relationships with the broader co-operative movement. The article highlights the value of business co-operatives in introducing the values of participatory democracy and working for the common good into unanticipated markets and reinforcing the co-operative movement.

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Stimmen: A citizen science approach to minority language sociolinguistics

Linguistics Vanguard ◽

10.1515/lingvan-2019-0017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (s1) ◽

Author(s):

Nanna Haug Hilton

Keyword(s):

Citizen Science ◽

Smartphone Application ◽

Minority Language ◽

Phonological Variation ◽

Methodological Issues ◽

Speech Corpora ◽

Societal Context ◽

Smartphone Technology ◽

Language Areas

Abstract This paper presents the project Stimmen fan Fryslân ‘Voices of Fryslân’. The project relies on a smartphone application developed to involve local communities in the creation of speech corpora, particularly of lesser used languages. This paper lays out the scientific and societal context of the project, showcases the smartphone application and gives an overview of the results from the project that attracted more than 15,000 users. Some key methodological issues are considered, and the paper discusses the role of smartphone technology for citizen science in minority language areas while also showing new maps with distributions of lexical and phonological variation in Frisian.

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Pseudo-Placentational Endometrial Hyperplasia in the Bitch: Case Series

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030718 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 718

Author(s):

Gabriele Marino ◽

Alessandra Sfacteria ◽

Giuseppe Catone ◽

Antonina Zanghì ◽

Fabiana Pecchia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mast Cells ◽

Endometrial Hyperplasia ◽

Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽

Case Series ◽

Pregnant Female ◽

Large Database ◽

Tissue Architecture ◽

Classical Form ◽

Spongy Layer ◽

Proliferative Lesion

Canine pseudo-placentational endometrial hyperplasia differs from the classical form of cystic endometrial hyperplasia for the well-organized tissue architecture resembling the canine placenta. After the discovery, it has been inconstantly reported. The present work reports the clinicopathological details of six spontaneous cases retrieved retrospectively from a large database. The lesion was found in young non-pregnant female dogs (median 2.0 years) at the end of dioestrus. It could be imaged by ultrasound and was always grossly detectable as single or multiple uterine enlargements of 2–3 cm in diameter with a villous whitish tissue growing on the mucosa and occluding the lumen. Histology confirmed the tissue architecture of the canine placenta with a basal glandular layer, a connective band, a spongy layer and a tortuous and compact labyrinth, often poorly recognizable. The pseudo-placentational hyperplasia is a non-inflammatory proliferative lesion although numerous mast cells inhabit the connective band, and a superimposed inflammatory infiltrate was seen in a case. Canine pseudo-placentational endometrial hyperplasia has very peculiar features, and it is a model for canine placentation and may help to better understand the cystic endometrial hyperplasia/pyometra complex.

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