6. Similarities and differences in L1 and L2 development. Opening up the perspective

2005 ◽  
pp. 179-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Håkansson
Keyword(s):  
L2 Development ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
Opening Up

scholarly journals Interference in Native and Non-Native Sentence Processing

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 712-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
IAN CUNNINGS
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
L2 Processing ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
L1 And L2

The primary aim of my target article was to demonstrate how careful consideration of the working memory operations that underlie successful language comprehension is crucial to our understanding of the similarities and differences between native (L1) and non-native (L2) sentence processing. My central claims were that highly proficient L2 speakers construct similarly specified syntactic parses as L1 speakers, and that differences between L1 and L2 processing can be characterised in terms of L2 speakers being more prone to interference during memory retrieval operations. In explaining L1/L2 differences in this way, I argued a primary source of differences between L1 and L2 processing lies in how different populations of speakers weight cues that guide memory retrieval.

scholarly journals Singing As An Effective Approach For Learning English On Early Childhood

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Ro'ifah Ro'ifah
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Effective Media ◽  
L2 Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
Learning English

There are so many native languages in Indonesia that makes English as a foreign language following Indonesian as the L2. This leads to the development of simultaneous bilinguals. However, there have been some contradictory opinions on whether learning English for early childhood is effective as it can inhibit a child’s L1 and L2 development. This may lead to the phenomenon of subtractive bilingualism resulting in a major dilemma for the government and parents. However, this notion can be debated through the critical period hypothesis. This study presents a literature review on ‘rhymes, songs, and chant’s as the effective media for learning English and its implication for early childhood through ‘singing’ approach.

De Relatie Tussen Cognitieve Taakcomplexiteit En Linguïstische Performance Bij Het Schrijven In T1 En T2

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Folkert Kuiken ◽  
Ineke Vedder
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
University Students ◽  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Linguistic Performance ◽  
L2 Development ◽  
L1 And L2 Writing ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
The Relationship

According to Robinson's Cognition Hypothesis of task-based L2 development, cognitively more demanding tasks will lead to the use of lexically and syntactically more complex language (Robinson 2001a, 2001b, in press). A different viewpoint is held by Skehan (1998) and Skehan & Foster (1999, 2001), who hypothesize that the more attention is required for a task because of its cognitive complexity, the less complex will be the linguistic output. The present research focuses on the relationship between taskcomplexity and linguistic performance in L1 and L2 writing. We report on an experiment carried out among 51 Dutch university students of Italian as a second language. The test included two writing tasks, in which cognitive task complexity was manipulated by varying the number of elements to be described and the required reasoning demands. Pre-existing knowledge of Italian was established by means of a pre-test. In the article, the results and theoretical and pedagogical implications of the study are discussed.

Cross-Language Transfer and Attentional Control in Early Bilingual Speech

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Lisa Verbeek ◽  
Constance Vissers ◽  
Mirjam Blumenthal ◽  
Ludo Verhoeven
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Language Transfer ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
L2 Development ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
Speech Perception And Production

Purpose: This study investigated the roles of cross-language transfer of first language (L1) and attentional control in second-language (L2) speech perception and production of sequential bilinguals, taking phonological overlap into account. Method: Twenty-five monolingual Dutch-speaking and 25 sequential bilingual Turkish–Dutch-speaking 3- and 4-year-olds were tested using picture identification tasks for speech perception in L1 Turkish and L2 Dutch, single-word tasks for speech production in L1 and L2, and a visual search task for attentional control. Phonological overlap was manipulated by dividing the speech tasks into subsets of phonemes that were either shared or unshared between languages. Results: In Dutch speech perception and production, monolingual children obtained higher accuracies than bilingual peers. Bilinguals showed equal performance in L1 and L2 perception but scored higher on L1 than on L2 production. For speech perception of shared phonemes, linear regression analyses revealed no direct effects of attention and L1 on L2. For speech production of shared phonemes, attention and L1 directly affected L2. When exploring unshared phonemes, direct effects of attentional control on L2 were demonstrated not only for speech production but also for speech perception. Conclusions: The roles of attentional control and cross-language transfer on L2 speech are different for shared and unshared phonemes. Whereas L2 speech production of shared phonemes is also supported by cross-language transfer of L1, L2 speech perception and production of unshared phonemes benefit from attentional control only. This underscores the clinical importance of considering phonological overlap and supporting attentional control when assisting young sequential bilinguals' L2 development.

Investigating the Nature of Interaction at Elementary and Intermediate EFL Classes

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 781
Author(s):  
Fereidoon Vahdani ◽  
Zahra Maleknia ◽  
Hoda Divsar
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Classroom Interaction ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
L2 Development ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Interaction Types ◽  
The Difference

Classroom research mainly concentrates on what happens in classrooms and tries to explore these events. One aspect that has been under investigation in this area is 'classroom interaction'. The current work was inspired by Kumaravadivelu's (2006) classification of interaction types: textual, interpersonal and ideational interaction. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the nature of interaction types proposed by Kumaravadivelu, the extent of their occurrence and their contribution to L2 development regarding two levels of Elementary and Intermediate. During data collection process, 20 sessions of EFL classes in a Language Institute were observed and the main events regarding the types of interaction under investigation were written in the form of field notes and audio-recorded for later reflection. The results were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The quantitative data from the observation were analyzed through inferential statistics. Qualitative analysis of data was carried out through transcription of important events. The quantitative results indicated that the difference between means of time spent on three types of interaction regarding two levels was not significant. For the qualitative analysis, the nature of these three types of interaction was compared based on two levels and some similarities and differences were found.

“This is the Best Fatal Illness That You Can Have”

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona J. Moola
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
The Social ◽  
Emotional Role ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Opening Up

Despite the important instrumental and emotional role that parents play in the lives of children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and congenital heart disease (CHD), qualitative researchers have not examined the similarities and differences between caregivers’ experiences. Informed by thematic analysis, in this qualitative study I explored what it is like to care for a child with a chronic illness from the perspective of CF and CHD parents at a children’s hospital in Canada. Pediatric caregiver stress was qualitatively different between CF and CHD parents, whereas temporal dilemmas were unique sources of stress for CF parents only. To alleviate stress, all parents drew on a three-way, interrelated process to comprehend their child’s illness and acquire perspective. By opening up the social worlds of parents, I illuminate important similarities and differences in the caregiving experience of parents of youth with CF and CHD, and offer novel contributions to the literature.

Dragonomics: An Internationalized Development Strategy

Dragonomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 29-61
Author(s):  
Carol Wise
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Developmental States ◽  
History Of ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
Opening Up

This chapter argues that China’s incorporation of Latin America into its internationalized development strategy stems from China’s need for resources from emerging economies to sustain its domestic development, but this has highlighted the stark differences in institutional strength between LAC countries. To bear this claim out, the author examines the history of China-LAC commercial relations, as well as the similarities and differences between China’s developmental path and that of other East Asian Developmental States. Based upon three developmental themes, the author delineates six of China’s strategic partners in the region into three case studies: first, the free trade agreements pursued by Chile, Costa Rica, and Peru; second, the institutional resource curse suffered by Argentina and Brazil; and finally, the FDI export–led industrialization strategy adopted by Mexico. The countries in the first two case studies have built tighter economic ties with China, opening up more space for policymaking and innovation, while Mexico in the final case study has had less export-led trade with China and comparatively weaker economic growth.

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