Trajectories of change in Spanish and Portuguese in the Americas

2020 ◽  
pp. 134-154
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Guy
Keyword(s):  
Trajectories Of Change

Identifying trajectories of change to improve understanding of integrated health care outcomes on PTSD symptoms post disaster.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard J. Osofsky ◽  
Carl F. Weems ◽  
Tonya Cross Hansel ◽  
Anthony H. Speier ◽  
Joy D. Osofsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Integrated Health Care ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Health Care Outcomes ◽  
Integrated Health ◽  
Care Outcomes ◽  
Trajectories Of Change ◽  
Post Disaster

Trajectories of eating behavior during COVID-19 lockdown: Longitudinal analyses of 22,374 adults in the UK

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Herle ◽  
Andrea Smith ◽  
Feifei Bu ◽  
Andrew Steptoe ◽  
Daisy Fancourt
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Social Study ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Trajectories Of Change ◽  
The Uk

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the implementation of stay-at-home and lockdown measures. It is currently unknown if the experience of lockdown leads to long term changes in individual’s eating behaviors.Objective: The objectives of this study were: i) to derive longitudinal trajectories of change in eating during UK lockdown, and ii) to identify risk factors associated with eating behavior trajectories. Design: Data from 22,374 UK adults from the UCL COVID-19 Social study (a panel study collecting weekly data during the pandemic) were analyzed from 28th March to 29th May 2020. Latent Class Growth Analysis was used to derive trajectories of change in eating. These were then associated with prior socio-economic, heath-related and psychological factors using multinomial regression models. Results: Analyses suggested five trajectories, with the majority (64%) showing no change in eating. In contrast, one trajectory was marked by persistently eating more, whereas another by persistently eating less. Overall, participants with greater depressive symptoms were more likely to report any change in eating. Loneliness was linked to persistently eating more (OR= 1.07), whereas being single or divorced, as well as stressful life events, were associated with consistently eating less (OR= 1.69). Overall, higher education status was linked to lower odds of changing eating behavior (OR= 0.54-0.77). Secondary exploratory analyses suggest that participants self-reported to have overweight were most common amongst the consistently overeaters, whereas underweight participants persistently ate less. Conclusion: In this study, we found that one third of the sample report changes in quantities eaten throughout the first UK lockdown period. Findings highlight the importance of adjusting public health programs to support eating behaviors in future lockdowns both in this and potential future pandemics. This is particularly important as part of on-going preventive efforts to prevent nutrition-related chronic diseases.

Contesting Commemorative Landscapes: Confederate Monuments and Trajectories of Change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Simko ◽  
David Cunningham ◽  
Nicole Fox
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
African American ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
African American Church ◽  
News Sources ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Dependent Process ◽  
Trajectories Of Change ◽  
Path Dependent ◽  
Path Dependent Process

Abstract Following the racially motivated shootings at an African American church in Charleston, South Carolina, in 2015, a wave of contentious campaigns around Confederate statuary emerged, or at least intensified, in communities across the country. Yet local struggles have culminated in vastly different alterations to the built environment. This paper develops a framework for differentiating distinct “modes of recontextualization” rooted in the relocation and/or modification of commemorative objects. Building on models of memory as an iterative, path-dependent process, we track recontextualization efforts in three communities—St. Louis, Missouri; Oxford, Mississippi; and Austin, Texas—documenting how each mode alters the meaning of contested symbols. An analysis of local news sources in the year following recontextualization shows how each mode exerts identifiable proximate effects on broader political debates and, through that process, structures the horizon of possibility for longer-range outcomes. 

scholarly journals Trajectories and antecedents of integration in mergers and acquisitions: A comparison of two longitudinal studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 1258-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin R Edwards ◽  
Jukka Lipponen ◽  
Tony Edwards ◽  
Marko Hakonen
Keyword(s):  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Organizational Identification ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Growth Modelling ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Threat Perceptions ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Latent Growth Modelling ◽  
Trajectories Of Change ◽  
Development Trajectories

Despite existing research examining snapshots of employee reactions to organizational mergers and acquisitions (M&A), there is a complete absence of work theorizing or exploring rates of change in employees’ organizational identification with the merged entity. We address this gap using two three-wave longitudinal panel samples from different M&A settings, tracking change in identification through a two-year period. Theorizing trajectories of change in identification across the organizations in both settings, we make predictions linked to expected antecedents of change in identification. Our research context (M&A-1) involves a merger of three Finish universities tracking 938 employees from each organization in three waves (nine months pre-merger to 24 months post-merger). Our second context (M&A-2) involves a multinational acquisition tracking 346 employees from both the acquired and acquiring organization in three waves (from two to 26 months post-acquisition). Using Latent Growth Modelling, we confirm predicted trajectories of change in identification. Across both samples, a linear increase (across Time 1, Time 2 and Time 3) in justice and linear decrease in threat perceptions were found to significantly predict a linear increase in identification across the post-M&A period. We discuss organizational identification development trajectories and how changes in these two antecedents account for changes in identification across M&A contexts.

Associations Between Change Over Time in Pandemic-Related Stress and Change in Physical Activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Wilson ◽  
Andrew Corbett ◽  
Andrew Van Horn ◽  
Diego Guevara Beltran ◽  
Jessica D. Ayers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Linear Change ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Trajectories Of Change ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Background: Physical activity (PA) mitigated psychological distress during the initial weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic, yet not much is known about whether PA had effects on stress in subsequent months. We examined the relationship between change over time in COVID-related stress and self-reported change in PA between March and July 2020. Methods: Latent growth modeling was used to examine trajectories of change in pandemic-related stress and test their association with self-reported changes in PA in an international sample (n = 679). Results: The participants reported a reduction in pandemic-related stress between April and July of 2020. Significant linear (factor mean = −0.22) and quadratic (factor mean = 0.02) changes (Ps < .001) were observed, indicating a deceleration in stress reduction over time. Linear change was related to change in PA such that individuals who became less active during the pandemic reported less stress reduction over time compared with those who maintained or increased their PA during the pandemic. Conclusions: Individuals who experienced the greatest reduction in stress over time during the pandemic were those who maintained their activity levels or became more active. Our study cannot establish a causal relationship between these variables, but the findings are consistent with other work showing that PA reduces stress.

scholarly journals A Markov model of urban evolution: Neighbourhood change as a complex process

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245357
Author(s):  
Daniel Silver ◽  
Thiago H. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Markov Model ◽  
Markov Models ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Hierarchical Approach ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectory ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Trajectories Of Change ◽  
Neighbourhood Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Complexity Theories

This paper seeks to advance neighbourhood change research and complexity theories of cities by developing and exploring a Markov model of socio-spatial neighbourhood evolution in Toronto, Canada. First, we classify Toronto neighbourhoods into distinct groups using established geodemographic segmentation techniques, a relatively novel application in this geographic setting. Extending previous studies, we pursue a hierarchical approach to classifying neighbourhoods that situates many neighbourhood types within the city’s broader structure. Our hierarchical approach is able to incorporate a richer set of types than most past research and allows us to study how neighbourhoods’ positions within this hierarchy shape their trajectories of change. Second, we use Markov models to identify generative processes that produce patterns of change in the city’s distribution of neighbourhood types. Moreover, we add a spatial component to the Markov process to uncover the extent to which change in one type of neighbourhood depends on the character of nearby neighbourhoods. In contrast to the few studies that have explored Markov models in this research tradition, we validate the model’s predictive power. Third, we demonstrate how to use such models in theoretical scenarios considering the impact on the city’s predicted evolutionary trajectory when existing probabilities of neighbourhood transitions or distributions of neighbourhood types would hypothetically change. Markov models of transition patterns prove to be highly accurate in predicting the final distribution of neighbourhood types. Counterfactual scenarios empirically demonstrate urban complexity: small initial changes reverberate throughout the system, and unfold differently depending on their initial geographic distribution. These scenarios show the value of complexity as a framework for interpreting data and guiding scenario-based planning exercises.

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