Reported threats

Pragmatics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Berk-Seligson ◽  
Mitchell A. Seligson
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Central American ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Social ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Speech Act Analysis ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

This study offers new insights into the complex and underexplored nature of reported threats. Combining the theoretical framework of speech act analysis with the concept of reported speech, the study finds six categories of reported threats, uncovering ones that have been overlooked by existing scholarship thus far. The texts presented are derived from audio-recordings of 847 interviews carried out in four Central American countries: El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, and Panama between 2010 and 2014. References to threats and threat narratives came from school teachers, community leaders, police officers, clergy, and members of municipal violence prevention committees. The interpretation of indirect and implicit threats are made in the social context of communities under siege, that is, under constant attack by local gangs, many of whom are connected to national gangs and international narcotrafficking cartels. The credibility of the different types of threats is evaluated, using Goffman’s (1981) insight into the complexity of speaker roles in face-to-face interaction.

scholarly journals The switching mechanisms of social network densification

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruyoshi Kobayashi ◽  
Mathieu Génois
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Regime Switching ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Social ◽  
Switching Property ◽  
Distinctive Type ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractDensification and sparsification of social networks are attributed to two fundamental mechanisms: a change in the population in the system, and/or a change in the chances that people in the system are connected. In theory, each of these mechanisms generates a distinctive type of densification scaling, but in reality both types are generally mixed. Here, we develop a Bayesian statistical method to identify the extent to which each of these mechanisms is at play at a given point in time, taking the mixed densification scaling as input. We apply the method to networks of face-to-face interactions of individuals and reveal that the main mechanism that causes densification and sparsification occasionally switches, the frequency of which depending on the social context. The proposed method uncovers an inherent regime-switching property of network dynamics, which will provide a new insight into the mechanics behind evolving social interactions.

scholarly journals Placing self-assessed health within the systems framework: a preliminary insight into social synergy and syntony

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 626-635
Author(s):  
Elena-Mădălina Vătămănescu ◽  
Andreia Gabriela Andrei ◽  
Adriana Zaiţ
Keyword(s):  
Social Trust ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Self Assessed Health ◽  
Systems Framework ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Specific Contribution

AbstractThe issue of self-assessed health (SAH) has been discussed within the scope of multiple interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary studies, gathering the attention and interest of scholars from various fields of study. Emerged at the confluence of subjective and objective measurements, the construct has triggered controversies and debates on its relevance and reliability, yet it is employed in many analyses as a pertinent reference point for individuals’ perceptions regarding their health status or wellbeing. Starting from these considerations, the current study aims to move the discussion further, by placing SAH in a broader argumentative perspective, as a multivalent process dependent on a myriad of individual, social, environmental, digital, etc. factors apposite to complex social systems. Therefore, the specific contribution intended via this approach is the advancement of a preliminary outlook on SAH within the social systems framework with a special emphasis on synergy and syntony. Against the backdrop of a conceptual undertaking, several factors are brought forward – i.e., environmental factors such as housing, neighborhood, residence and social (interactional) factors such as digital exposure, face-to-face communication, and social trust – hewing the path for future in-depth investigations on the topic.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI NILAI-NILAI MULTIKULTURAL DI UNIVERSITAS YUDHARTA PASURUAN

AL MURABBI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
M. Jamhuri
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
National Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
The Will ◽  
Social Turmoil ◽  
Phenomenological Design ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Made In

University of Yudharta Pasuruan was established in Pasuruan East Java on 1 August 2002 based on Decree of the Minister of National Education through Directorate General of Dikti Number: 146/D/0/2002, then renewed with decree of Minister of National Education through Dirjen Dikti number: 919/D/T/2005 S. D Number: 929/D/T/2005.The multicultural theory according to Azyumardi Azra is one of the fundamental virtues of democracy, but it has an ambivalent power that is termanivestated in two forms; form of solid and democratic forms. Being tolerant is letting or allowing others to be themselves, respecting others, by appreciating their origins and background.The design that researchers use is a type of qualitative research with phenomenological design. Namely the design of research, whose plan and structure of research are made in such a way, so that can be obtained answers to questions in the study, from each individual give the answer of each case or experience they know related to the question above.Evidence of the social turmoil that is happening in Depok and Surabaya, East Java and Indonesia, such as radicalism, terrorist groups that often impose the will in instilling an idea against others, often the riot as the case happens on Tuesday at. 22. Wib, 08 may 2018, about the Perlawana and deprivation of several firearms owned by terrorist prisoner and murder of 4 police officers sadistic, and the A police officer by NAPI terrorism which took place in Rutan Mako Brimob, Kelapa Dua, Depok, West Java. And simultaneous bombardment in one day, on Sunday 13 May 2018 in three Greja in Surabaya namely: a) Greja Santa Maria, Ngagel Surabaya. b) Christian Greja Indonesia Jl. Diponegoro Surabaya. c) Greja Pantekosta Jl. Arjuno Surabaya, and the night there is another bombing in Rusunawa, Jl. Along near Polsek Taman, Sidoarjo. And the next day on May 14, 2018 there was another bombing in Surabaya. On Wednesday, 16 May 2018 there was another attack in Riau Mapolda, which is a white mubil in the police, but the motorist fought and crashed the police, and the police passed away, and the perpetrator also announced in Kompas TV was set as a terrorist. It is necessary to further increase the ideals of Romo Kyai Sholeh Bahrudin: To create a campus that is tolerant, cool, peaceful, harmonious, mutual respect for each other and respect the differences in which all of them is a manifestation of the sublime value of the attitude of multiculturalism.

An evaluation of noise on LPC-based vowel formant estimates: Implications for sociolinguistic data collection

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul De Decker
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Noise Interference ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Vowel Formant ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Made In

AbstractCurrent trends in sociophonetic data analysis indicate a shift to entirely automatic measurements of spectral properties using programs like Praat. While such practices are useful for the rapid collection of acoustic data from large corpora, they, by default do not permit human analysts to provide quality control or make hand corrected measurements when needed. Under ideal signal-to-noise conditions, such as in a sound-proof room, this may not be a problem. However, analysis of audio recordings made in acoustically-uncontrolled environments, like many standard sociolinguistic interviews, are arguably susceptible to spurious estimates using automated routines. This paper presents the results of a highly controlled noise-interference experiment designed to examine the effects of different types of noise at varying signal-to-noise levels on automated LPC-based vowel formant measurements made in Praat. Findings indicate that some noises are more detrimental than others, affect some formant frequencies more than others and that louder noises make it inappropriate to conduct an analysis of F1 and F2. Results are discussed and suggestions for better practices in recording sociolinguistic interviews for sociophonetic data collection are presented.

CONFEDERATE MONUMENT INSCRIPTIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Heather A. O’Connell ◽  
Danequa L. Forrest
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Lost Cause ◽  
Deep South ◽  
Social Foundations ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Upper South ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT Confederate monuments are a contested piece of the public landscape. Debates generally focus on the division between “heritage” and “hate,” but some scholars have argued that the meaning of monuments is more complex. There is little research examining variation among Confederate monuments, but this may be critical to understanding their social foundations and consequences. We provide insight into Confederate monuments and their complexity by examining their inscriptions and how the use of different inscriptions changed over time and varies between the Upper South and Deep South. We employ content analysis to organize the inscriptions associated with 856 Confederate monuments located in public spaces throughout the U.S. South into common themes. Our results suggest three distinct types of inscriptions: those connected to the lost cause ideology that glorifies the Confederacy and its cause; those that were comparatively plain in their description of people, places, and events; and others that focused exclusively on mourning the death of Confederate soldiers. The majority of monuments (59%) contain a Lost Cause inscription. Plain monuments comprise 35%, and only 6% of public Confederate monuments were dedicated purely to the dead. Our descriptive analysis also indicates substantial temporal and spatial variation in the use of these different types of inscriptions. Despite sharing a connection to the Confederacy, we assert that the specific messages associated with a monument are more varied and, in part, reflect the social conditions of the time and place in which they were built.

scholarly journals The Discourses of the Sinking Villages in Demak: The Social Relation between Humans and Nature

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 07050
Author(s):  
Suwarno Peter ◽  
Nurhayati Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Relation ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Made In

Stories of climate change and its impacts on human life that have been reported in various media supports arguments that it is largely man-made. In many Indonesian communities, however, this disaster that alters cultural, social, and economic environment is often viewed as a natural phenomenon. This paper analyzes expressions of the experiences of local Indonesian inhabitants and media reporters using discourse analysis. The selected texts in the reports mostly focus on expressions concerning how the inhabitants dealt with the ever-increasing tidal flood that engulfed their dwellings and communities. The analysis reveal that stories on their experiences contain words and themes representing their views of natural phenomenon that created memories of the past and uncertain plans for the futures. Different types and class of words they express not only represent grieving for loss of livelihood, but also, more importantly, embody efforts to make the best of what is left, including changing the inundated district into a tourism site.

Speaking Truth to Power

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean A. Dabney ◽  
Richard Tewksbury
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Intelligence Gathering ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Intelligence Collection ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Confidential informants have long occupied central role in the criminal investigation efforts of law enforcement authorities. Yet, there exists minimal contemporary scholarship to help illuminate the complex relationships and roles associated with covert intelligence gathering. This book draws upon a rich array of fieldwork and face-to-face interviews with police officers to provide insight into the confidential informant phenomenon. This concept of the police-citizen information exchange is set forth to account for the broad rubric of intelligence collection done by police. A four-part framework is provided to organize the exchange types based upon the motivations and goals that underlie the relationship. The utility of confidential informants is thoroughly explored, with attention focused on the potential benefits and pitfalls that follow. Detailed consideration is given to how officers recruit, nurture, and manage confidential informants. We argue that the police-citizen information exchange has become deeply woven into the fabric of contemporary policing, beginning with vice crime enforcement but emanating outward, so much so that scaling it back warrants a series of daunting practical considerations.

scholarly journals (Re-)Opening an encounter in the virtual world of Second Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-51
Author(s):  
Laura Kohonen-Aho ◽  
Anna Vatanen
Keyword(s):  
Second Life ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The One

This study explores how ‘gatherings’ turn into ‘encounters’ in a virtu­al world (VW) context. Most communication technologies enable only focused encounters between distributed participants, but in VWs both gatherings and encounters can occur. We present close sequential analysis of moments when after a silent gathering, inter­action among participants in a VW is gradually resumed, and also investigate the social actions in the verbal (re-)opening turns. Our findings show that like in face-to-face situations, also in VWs partici­pants often use different types of embodied resources to achieve the transition, rather than rely on verbal means only. However, the tran­sition process in VWs has distinctive characteristics compared to the one in face-to-face situations. We discuss how participants in a VW use virtually embodied pre-beginnings to display what we call encounter-readiness, instead of displaying lack of presence by avatar stillness. The data comprise 40 episodes of video-recorded team in­teractions in a VW.

Classification of Infant Vocalizations by Untrained Listeners

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 3265-3275
Author(s):  
Heather L. Ramsdell-Hudock ◽  
Anne S. Warlaumont ◽  
Lindsey E. Foss ◽  
Candice Perry
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Listener Responses ◽  
Infant Vocalization ◽  
Early Infant ◽  
Infant Vocalizations ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Speech And Language Development ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose To better enable communication among researchers, clinicians, and caregivers, we aimed to assess how untrained listeners classify early infant vocalization types in comparison to terms currently used by researchers and clinicians. Method Listeners were caregivers with no prior formal education in speech and language development. A 1st group of listeners reported on clinician/researcher-classified vowel, squeal, growl, raspberry, whisper, laugh, and cry vocalizations obtained from archived video/audio recordings of 10 infants from 4 through 12 months of age. A list of commonly used terms was generated based on listener responses and the standard research terminology. A 2nd group of listeners was presented with the same vocalizations and asked to select terms from the list that they thought best described the sounds. Results Classifications of the vocalizations by listeners largely overlapped with published categorical descriptors and yielded additional insight into alternate terms commonly used. The biggest discrepancies were found for the vowel category. Conclusion Prior research has shown that caregivers are accurate in identifying canonical babbling, a major prelinguistic vocalization milestone occurring at about 6–7 months of age. This indicates that caregivers are also well attuned to even earlier emerging vocalization types. This supports the value of continuing basic and clinical research on the vocal types infants produce in the 1st months of life and on their potential diagnostic utility, and may also help improve communication between speech-language pathologists and families.

Impact of the Locus of Causality and Internal Control on the Social Utility of Causal Explanations

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Perrin ◽  
Benoît Testé
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
External Control ◽  
Job Interview ◽  
Locus Of Causality ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Professional Success ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types

Research into the norm of internality ( Beauvois & Dubois, 1988 ) has shown that the expression of internal causal explanations is socially valued in social judgment. However, the value attributed to different types of internal explanations (e.g., efforts vs. traits) is far from homogeneous. This study used the Weiner (1979 ) tridimensional model to clarify the factors explaining the social utility attached to internal versus external explanations. Three dimensions were manipulated: locus of causality, controllability, and stability. Participants (N = 180 students) read the explanations expressed by appliants during a job interview. They then described the applicants on the French version of the revised causal dimension scale and rated their future professional success. Results indicated that internal-controllable explanations were the most valued. In addition, perceived internal and external control of explanations were significant predictors of judgments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document