Grammatical Categories and Their Formal Patterns

1999 ◽  
pp. 71-89
Author(s):  
Edward Stankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Grammatical Categories

The Table of Grammar: Lqr't as Test Case

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Biblical Hebrew ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Function Word ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Linguistic Development ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Evolutionary Growth ◽  
Content Item

Biblical Hebrew lqr't is situated at the intersection of grammatical categories as a content item and a function word. The analysis of any given token is confounded by this diversity and its variously encoded denotations: the infinitive construct “to meet” and the polysemous prepositions, the directional TOWARD and the adversative AGAINST. The usage in Exodus 14:27 (wmsrym nsym lqr'tw) prompts a number of different analyses. Interpretations include: hoi de aigyptioi ephygon hypo to hydor (LXX); wmsry' -'rqyn lqwblh (Peshitta); fugientibusque Ægyptiis occurrerunt aquæ (Vulgate); “the Egyptians fled at its approach” (NJPS); “the Egyptians fled before it” (NRSV); and “the Egyptians were fleeing toward it” (NIV). This study examines lqr't by comparing a range of grammatical methods. These approaches centre evolutionary growth (philology), syntagmatic and paradigmatic features (structuralism), functional usage (eclectic linguistics), and cross-linguistic development (grammaticalisation) in order to explore questions of the origin, development, and usage of lqr't. The combined approaches help to situate and construct an archaeology of linguistic knowledge and a genealogy of philological change of language and text.

GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES OF VERBS IN ENGLISH AND ALBANIAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 2245-2249
Author(s):  
Suzana Ejupi ◽  
Lindita Skenderi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
English Learners ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Learning English

Working with English learners for many years, gives you the opportunity to encounter linguistic obstacles that they face while learning English language as a foreign language. Additionally, teaching for 13 years and observing the learning process, it enables you to recognize the students’ needs and at the same time, detect linguistic mistakes that they make, while practicing the target language. During my experience as a teacher, in terms of teaching and learning verbs in general and its grammatical categories in specific, it is noticed that Albanian learners find it relatively difficult the correct use of verbs in context and even more confusing the equivalent use of verbs in Albanian. Since verbs present an important part of speech, this study aims to investigate several differences and similarities between grammatical categories of verbs in English and Albanian. As a result, the Albanian learners of English language will be able to identify some of the major differences and similarities between the grammatical categories of verbs in English and Albanian; overcome the usual mistakes; gain the necessary knowledge regarding verbs and use them properly in English and Albanian.

Commands in Wolaitta

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azeb Amha
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Type ◽  
Positive Polarity ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Leave Taking ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Syntactic Properties

This chapter examines expressions of commands (imperatives) in Wolaitta and the ways in which the imperative is distinguished from statements and questions. Although each sentence type is formally distinct, imperatives and questions share a number of morpho-syntactic properties. Similar to declarative and interrogative sentences, imperatives in Wolaitta involve verbal grammatical categories such as the distinction of person, number, and gender of the subject as well as negative and positive polarity. In contrast to previous studies, the present contribution establishes the function of a set of morphemes based on -árk and -érk to be the expression of plea or appeal to an addressee rather than politeness when issuing a command. Instead, politeness in commands is expressed by using plural (pro)nominal and verbal elements. The imperative in Wolaitta is a robust construction which is also used in formulaic speeches such as leave-taking as well as in blessing, curses, and advice.

Attentional requirements for the selection of words from different grammatical categories.

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1344-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Ayora ◽  
Niels Janssen ◽  
Roberto Dell'Acqua ◽  
F.-Xavier Alario
Keyword(s):  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Selection Of

THE TERMS-VERBS IN CONTEMPORARY MEDICAL TEXT

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
MARINA V. VEKLICH ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Medical Text ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Medical Dictionary ◽  
Russian Medical

The article presents a fact-based study of the verbalization of medical knowledge, verbal nomination as one of the ways to create a Russian medical dictionary. The linguistic materials collected during the research indicate the ability of the verb to terminate concepts. Verb-terms, in contrast to noun-terms, nominate specific processes, phenomena. Verb terms are included in word-formation nests along with noun terms. Verb terms fall into two groups: 1) branch verbs and 2) common verbs. The first group unites verbs characteristic of the medical field of knowledge, the second group includes verbs, the terminological nature of which is manifested in the composition of a phrase with a dependent noun-term. In such verb-nominal phrases, the verb either expands the meaning, or concretizes the existing one. Verb terms are used mainly in those branches of medicine that are associated with a specif- ic action (for example, surgery). Verb terms have the same grammatical categories as verbs of the general literary language. The results obtained can be used for further research on the cognitive properties of verbs-terms based on new sources.

Number and Gender Assignment to loanwords in Arabic: Implications from Varieties

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Hamdi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Assignment ◽  
The Core ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
And Gender

Number and gender are two of the core grammatical categories in Arabic. The assignment of number and gender to foreign words is an area of conflict between MSA and other Arabic varieties. This paper investigates the factors that stand behind the seemingly irregularity of number and gender assignment in Arabic. It appears that speakers follow a form standardized by MSA or enforce another form following their dialects and community conventions. This variation in number and gender assignment to loans gives rise to multiple competing forms that may not be recognized by MSA or some other varieties of Arabic. Yet, the findings demonstrate consistency in assigning number and gender to loans by applying native patterns motivated by frequency of use andthe semantics of the referents.

scholarly journals Gender at the Edge

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halldór Ármann Sigurðsson
Keyword(s):  
Context Sensitive ◽  
A Value ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Pronominal Gender

This article develops an analysis of Gender whereby D-gender enters grammar as a feature variable (edge linker), without a fixed value, either probing n or scanning the context for a value. Only the latter strategy is available in pronominal gender languages such as English, as they lack n-gender, whereas both strategies are applicable in n-gender languages, variably so for variable DPs, depending on their nP content and on context. The article adopts the idea that context linking does not merely involve pragmatic context scanning but also has a syntactic side to it, edge computation, whereby context-scanned and recycled features are computed at the phase edge in relation to CP-internal elements, via edge linkers. The context-linking approach has been previously launched for Tense and Person. This article extends it to Gender, thereby generalizing over context-sensitive grammatical categories and developing a novel view of the overall architecture of grammar.

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