Speech acts, attitudes, and scientific practice

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. McKaughan
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Degree Of Belief ◽  
Illocutionary Acts

There are certain illocutionary acts (such as hypothesizing, conjecturing, speculating, guessing, and the like) that, contrary to John Searle’s (1969, 1975, 1979) speech act theory, cannot be correctly classified as assertives. Searle’s sincerity and essential conditions on assertives require, plausibly, that we believe our assertions and that we are committed to their truth. Yet it is a commonly accepted scientific practice to propose and investigate an hypothesis without believing it or being at all committed to its truth. Searle’s attempt to accommodate such conjectural acts by claiming that the degree of belief and of commitment expressed by some assertives “may approach or even reach zero” (1979: 13) is unsuccessful, since it evacuates his thesis that these are substantive necessary conditions on assertives of any force. The illocutionary acts in question are central to scientific activity and so cannot be plausibly ignored by a theory of speech acts. The problem is not limited simply to Searle’s theory, since even theories which depart markedly from Searle’s in other respects are often committed to similar characterizations of assertion.

scholarly journals An Investigation on How University Students’ View Lecturers’ Usage of Speech Acts in ELT context

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Mutiara Shasqia ◽  
Aulia Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Classroom Interaction ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Communication Context ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Perlocutionary Effect

Teachers and lecturers alike understand that they must consciously use a variety of speech acts to force students to follow their instructions and be motivated to learn on their own. This paper reports the findings of a study designed to investigate the notion of the perlocutionary effect of university students in the classroom resulted from lecturers’ illocutionary acts. The acts were then analyzed the illocutionary act of the lecturers’ talk or speech during specific time using Austin’s speech act theory. This present study built its investigation from data collection on both lecturers and university students through interview and field notes. This study manage to reveals that lecturers freely use speech acts of persuading, angering, and commanding. This study believes that illocutionary acts will still have happened in our interaction's life or communication in many-many context including classroom interaction between lecturer-students communication context.

scholarly journals SPEECH ACTS ANALYSIS OF DONALD TRUMP’S SPEECH

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Nura Siti Mufiah ◽  
Muhammad Yazid Nur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Illocutionary Act ◽  
Inaugural Speech ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This research deals with the types of illocutionary acts in Donald Trump’s Inaugural Speech. The research concerns with illocutionary act produced by Donald Trumps as a President of American. The aim of this research was to analyze the types of illocutionary speech act which was dominantly used in that speech. This research applied descriptive qualitative method and speech act theory by Yule. There were 63 utterances and the percentage of utterances were Representative 46%, Expressive 11%, Directive 16%, Commissive 12,7%, and Declarative 14,3%. The result showed that Donald Trump assert to the audience about the nation will be.It is found that Trump’s speech acts in his speech are intended as statement of fact and assertion. Disscussion of hopes implied in Trump’s speech acts. As seen on the table above, it can be seen that Trump hoped that his audiences would be persuaded to act 

scholarly journals Conversational Storytelling in Chinese Speech Acts

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Shuling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Conversational Analysis ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Conversational Storytelling ◽  
Conversational Narrative ◽  
Everyday Talk ◽  
The Face

Conversational narrative or storytelling is a prevalent activity in everyday talk. This paper, drawing on the speech act theory and conversational analysis methodology, examines the conversational storytelling in performing a few types of illocutionary acts like assert, warn, object, advise in Chinese everyday talk. It is found that storytelling plays several significant roles in performing some types of illocutionary acts, i.e. to make a point, to build rapport among friends and even to reduce the face threat. Conversational storytelling may occur immediately after the expression of an illocutionary act, and sometimes before it to indicate certain illocutionary force.   

scholarly journals THE ANALYSIS ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS OF USTADZ HANAN ATTAKI, LC ON VIDEO UST. HANAN ATTAKI YOUTUBE CHANNEL

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Ajrina Al Mar'atus Sholihah ◽  
Trisnendri Syahrizal
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Religious Speech ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Method

The purpose of this study to analyze type of illocutionary speech acts that used by Hanan Attaki and identifying speech acts utterance by Hanan Attaki on Youtube. The method used in this study is the qualitative descriptive method because this is done only based on the fact and the writer describes the result in from words and the explanation of the result. Data collection method that used is scrutinized method and make a script, is scrutinize use of language by Ustadz Hanan Attaki, then the data is note and classified based on type of illocutionary. In this result the writer analyze all type of illucationary speech act used by Ustadz Hanan Attaki on Video Ust. Hanan Attaki Youtube Channel. The result of this study found 65 clauses that contain the type of illocutionary speech acts, there are representatives (37), directives (22), declarative (5) and commissive (1) each type of the speech acts are delivering different meaning and representative is the most widely used by Ustadz Hanan Attaki. It fits with the illocutionary speech act theory as religious speech containing factual matters raised by religious leaders. Keywords:  Youtube, Pragmatics, Speech Acts, Illocutionary  

scholarly journals Bentuk Tindak Tutur Ilokusi dalam Program Ini Talk Show NET TV

HUMANIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Siti Nurkhalizah S ◽  
I Wayan Simpen ◽  
Ni Putu N Widarsini
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Talk Show ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Tv Talk Show ◽  
Signaling Strategies

This research is entitled "Illocutionary Speech Acts in This Program Talk Show NET TV". The purpose of this study is to describe the forms of speech acts of illocution and speech strategies contained in this program. This research uses the illocutionary speech act theory proposed by Searle and the speech strategy proposed by Blum-Kulka. At the data collection stage the listening method is used to help with the note taking technique. Stages of data analysis using contextual methods. The stage of presenting the results of data analysis using formal and informal methods. In this program, NET TV Talk Show found five types of illocutionary acts, namely assertive, directive, expressive, commissive, and declarative. There are five data as assertive acts, eleven data are directive, ten data are expressive, four data are commissive, and three data are declarative. This study found three types of speech strategies, namely direct speaking strategies, indirect speaking strategies, and signaling strategies. There are five data are direct speaking strategies, three data are indirect speaking strategies, and two data are signaling strategies.

scholarly journals Promises, threats, and the foundations of speech act theory

Pragmatics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Blanco Salgueiro
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Holistic Theory

I suggest that promises and threats are similar speech acts and pose analogous problems for Speech Act Theory. After showing that they share the same formal types, I argue against there being purportedly fundamental differences between them in regard to explicitability, deontics, and illocution/perlocution. I conclude that the joint analysis of promises and threats suggests the propriety of a holistic theory of illocutionary acts.

scholarly journals Teori Tindak Tutur dalam Studi Linguistik Pragmatik

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Akhmad Saifudin
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
John Searle ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Semantic Properties

This article explains the theory of speech acts proposed by John L. Austin and his student John R. Searle. Speech act theory is a sub-field of pragmatics. This field of study deals with the ways in which words can be used not only to present information but also to carry out actions. This theory considers three levels or components of speech: locutionary acts (the making of a meaningful statement, saying something that a hearer understands), illocutionary acts (saying something with a purpose, such as to inform), and perlocutionary acts (saying something that causes someone to act). Many view speech acts as the central units of communication, with phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic properties of an utterance serving as ways of identifying the meaning of speaker’s utterance or illocutionary force. There are five types of Illocutionary point according to Searle: declarations, assertives, expressives, directives, and commissives (1979:viii). A speech act, in order to be successful, needs to be performed along certain types of conditions. These conditions were categorized by the linguist John Searle, who introduced the term felicity conditions: propositional content condition, preparatory condition, sincerity condition, and essential condition.

scholarly journals Analysing Zakir Naik’s Illocutionary Acts in His Speech about Islam’s View on Terrorism & Jihad

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Khannisa Annahlia ◽  
Edward Edward ◽  
Mohammad Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Mixed Method Study ◽  
Sensitive Topics ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
The World ◽  
International Audience

Zakir Naik is an infamous Indian preacher who conveys the meaning of Qur’anic verses on today’s social media, primarily using English to reach the widest international audience. The study aims to find out the dominant types of illocutionary acts and functions of speech acts in his speech on terrorism and jihad in Islam’s perspective. This mixed method study uses quantitative and qualitative data from his lecture on “Islam and Jihad”, analysing the data with Searle’s (1986) speech act theory. This study contributes to the pool of linguistics knowledge on the delivery of sensitive topics by detailing how an English as a second language (ESL) speaker conveys religious beliefs to the world.

A Plea for Perlocutions

2016 ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
David Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Radical Innovation ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Fresh Start ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Illocutionary Act ◽  
The Law ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Perlocutionary Effect

After staging the shipwreck of the constative-performative distinction halfway through How To Do Things With Words, J.L. Austin goes on famously to “make a fresh start on the problem.” He relinquishes the original opposition between making statements and doing things and then introduces a ternary account of speech acts. He distinguishes between locutionary acts (in which we produce sounds with “a certain sense and a certain reference”[95]), illocutionary acts (in which we perform acts such as “asking or answering a question, giving some information… announcing a verdict...and the numerous like” [98-99]), and perlocutionary acts (in which we “produce consequential effects upon the feelings, thoughts or actions of an audience, or of the speaker, or of other persons”[101]). For all the philosophical ink that has been spilled on Austin, not much has been devoted to perlocutions. Locutions and illocutions get almost all the action.Stanley Cavell has been one of the few philosophers to emphasize the importance of the perlocutionary for speech act theory. In his forward to the second edition of Shoshana Felman’s The Scandal of the Speaking Body and in his essay “Performative and Passionate Utterances,” Cavell assumes, as Stephen Mulhall puts it, that Austin believes that “the perlocutionary effect of any utterance [is] extrinsic to its sense and force” and thus that the perlocutionary can be opposed to the illocutionary act. Because Austin maintains that the illocutionary is conventional and the perlocutionary is not (121), Cavell argues that illocutions come down on the side of the Law, while perlocutions give voice to Desire. Where the illocutionary is scripted and prescribed, the perlocutionary opens up space for improvisations. According to Mulhall, Cavell proposes a radical innovation to Austin’s theory by suggesting that the perlocution is “as internal to any genuine speech-act as are its locutionary and illocutionary dimensions.” I am going to argue in this essay that Cavell does not really revise Austin’s theory. He gives voice to what Austin actually says.

scholarly journals Analysing Speech Acts in Buhari’s Address at the 71st Session of the UN General Assembly

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocent Sourou Koutchadé
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
General Theme ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
The World ◽  
Un General Assembly

This article aims at examining the language of a political speech through the linguistic theory of pragmatics. The focus of the study is, specifically, to identify speech acts used in Buhari’s address at the 71st session of the UN General Assembly.  Such an analysis is meant to emphasize the way the Nigerian president conveyed his intentions and his country’s priorities in line with the general theme of the Assembly. The paper has adopted Searle’s (1969) speech act theory. The identification of illocutionary acts in the speech through a tabulated statistics shows that there are 52.56% of representative acts, 19.23% of directive acts, 16.66% of expressive acts, 11.53% of commissive acts and  00% of declaration acts. The findings reveal the dominance of representative illocutionary acts showing that Buhari has mainly expressed his beliefs regarding the theme of the assembly and the priorities of his country. Directive acts are used to make suggestions whereas commissives are used to point out the challenges to be taken up by Buhari and his audience and expressives reflect his psychological state while addressing the world leaders. The paper concludes that this study of speech acts has made it easy to comprehend the message of the Nigerian president in his address. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document