Common-sense reasoning and everyday activities

1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Common Sense Reasoning ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

This paper is concerned with the nature of common-sense reasoning and understanding in relation to practical behaviour. It examines the relationship between intuitive knowledge based on everyday experience and institutionalized theory and practice. An analysis of the types of knowledge that guide the selection of actions and understanding in the domain of cooking practice is presented. Verbal transcripts were elicited from participants, with varying levels of experience, of the cooking methods they followed and their underlying rationale. The results suggest that individuals utilize various high level knowledge primitives in combination with pragmatic utility principles in their reasoning. The findings are discussed in the light of recent theoretical approaches concerned with the relationship between knowledge and inference.

scholarly journals A Case for Query-driven Predicate Answer Set Programming

10.29007/ngm2 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopal Gupta ◽  
Elmer Salazar ◽  
Kyle Marple ◽  
Zhuo Chen ◽  
Farhad Shakerin
Keyword(s):  
Logic Programming ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Automated Reasoning ◽  
Answer Set Programming ◽  
Stable Model ◽  
Common Sense Reasoning ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Full Power ◽  
Programming Systems ◽  
Answer Set

Answer Set Programming (ASP) has emerged as a successful paradigm for developing intelligent applications. ASP is based on adding negation as failure to logic programming under the stable model semantics regime. ASP allows for sophisticated reasoning mechanisms that are employed by humans to be modeled elegantly. We argue that being able to model common sense reasoning as used by humans is critical for success of automated reasoning. We also argue that extending answer programming systems to general predicates is critical to realizing the full power of ASP. Goal-directed predicate ASP systems are needed to make the ASP technology practical for building large, scalable knowledge-based applications.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PERSONALITY AND DECISION-MAKING STYLE IN PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (45) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
A. V. Timakova ◽  
D. I. Fedorenko
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Uncertainty Intolerance ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Decision Making Styles ◽  
Psychological Features ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Third year student, D. I. Fedorenko D. I. Relationship between psychological features of personality and decision-making style in professional activity / Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman, Ukraine Kyiv. The article reveals the content of the concept and theoretical approaches to the selection of decision-making styles in professional activities. The psychological features of the personality that determine the choice of a certain style of decision making are considered. The results of an empirical study of the relationship between psychological characteristics of personality and decision-making style in professional activities are highlighted.Key words: decision-making style, psychological features of personality, locus-control, internality, externality, tolerance to uncertainty, intolerance to uncertainty, vigilance, avoidance, hypervigilance, procrastination.

scholarly journals Higher Education and Creation of Jobs in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
M. M. Shahidul Hassan ◽  
Omiya Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Economic Development Policy ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
High Level ◽  
Demand Changes ◽  
The Relationship

This study uses the data from the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Bangladesh Economic Update, and Bangladesh Export Promotion Bureau to investigate the role of higher education in creating new jobs in Bangladesh. Every year about three million youths are entering job markets. But industry and service sectors do not develop much to provide jobs for such large youth job seekers. This challenge can be faced if universities produce graduates with high level skill and innovative quality. With such graduates Bangladesh can create knowledge-based society and more opportunities will be created for them to get jobs in global markets, and graduates can be successful as entrepreneurs and self-employed workforce. Such dispositions demand changes in curricular, teaching and assessment methods to function young generation as active learners and creators. A simple economic model is used to study the relationship between per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the three economic sectors, namely agriculture, industry and services sectors for Bangladesh. Using available data both correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis are used to examine the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables in the study. The results of this study have implications for economic development policy in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Interlinked. Machines and humans facing the 10101 century

2021 ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Carme Torras ◽  
Ramon López de Mántaras
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
General Public ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Common Sense Reasoning ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Media ◽  
High Level

Robotics and artificial intelligence are two scientific research fields that receive considerable attention from the media and, consequently, from society. Unfortunately, many advances are reported to the general public in sensationalist (or even alarmist) terms, leading to false hopes or unjustified fears, and taking the focus from other key points. For instance, recent successes in artificial intelligence, amplified by the media, are the cause of a mistaken perception of this discipline’s state of the art. The reality is that artificial intelligence is still far from achieving many high-level cognitive skills; particularly, common sense reasoning.

IT Value of Software Development

2009 ◽  
pp. 96-110
Author(s):  
VenuGopal Balijepally ◽  
Sridhar Nerur ◽  
RadhaKanta Mahapatra
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
It Value ◽  
Common Sense Reasoning ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Development Teams ◽  
Software Development Teams

Software development in organizations is evolving and increasingly taking a socio-technical hue. While empirical research guided by common sense reasoning has informed researchers and the software community in the past, the increasing social character of software development provides us with the context and the motivation to provide theoretical underpinnings to our empirical work. In this chapter we sample three theoretical domains that could serve our empirical research efforts: social capital, organizational learning and knowledge based view of the firm. We illustrate the utility of these theoretical perspectives by articulating a research model that captures the IT value created by software development teams practicing different methodologies.

To the Question About the Main Directions of Development of Pedagogical Education in Russia

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Шишов ◽  
Cergey Shishov ◽  
Кальней ◽  
Valentina Kalney
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Permanent Increase ◽  
Selection Of

Based on the identified global challenges of the XXI century, the authors attempted to define the main directions of development of pedagogical education in Russia. The article provides the author´s view on the possible directions of development of pedagogical education in Russia. Among them: the international harmonization of structures and content of teacher education related to an objective necessity of formation of a common, interdependent Eurasian educational space; humanization, humanitarization of professional education of future teachers related to the humanistic orientation of public consciousness at the international level; vocational selection of future teachers as the basis for the formation of high-quality professionals with a high level of readiness; practice-oriented character of teacher education associated with the consideration of not only the specialty, but also the nature of the institutions; the relationship and interdependence of cultural, historical, psychological-pedagogical, national and organizational basis for the design and construction of higher pedagogical education; selection to educational institutions on grounds of professional suitability; operation and development of the existing system of continuous postgraduate) teacher education as a condition of permanent increase of level of professionalism of teachers.

scholarly journals Franchisees' level of satisfaction with the franchise relationship

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard J Van Wyk ◽  
Johan W. De Jager
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Product Information ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Distribution Point ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Problem investigated and objectives: Franchisees often complain that franchisors do not meet their needs, and are generally viewed as being unhappy with the franchise relationship between franchisees and franchisors. The aim of this paper is to investigate the level of satisfaction of franchisees with the franchise relationship, including the following elements: franchisee independence, support with the selection of a distribution point, allocation of geographical trading areas, support with the design and layout of distribution points, comprehensive training programmes, the provision of continuous market and product information and operational support, and advertising and financial support, including systems for bookkeeping. Approach: The data represents two groups of the same franchise, namely franchisees operating for two years and less as franchisees and franchisees who have been operating for longer than two years as franchisees. The extent to which these two groups view the relationship elements differently will be examined. Findings: The findings indicate that both groups had a high level of satisfaction with the franchise relationship between franchisees and franchisors, with the exception of identified opportunities, which could be further developed in order to increase the franchisees' level of satisfaction with the franchise relationship between franchisees and franchisors. Conclusion: In view of the results of this research, it was concluded that the franchisees of the selected franchisor in the franchise industry displayed a high level of satisfaction with the franchise relationship between franchisors and franchisees.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Private and Public Archive: Theory and Practice

Atlanti ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Mirjana Bogosavljević
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
State Archives ◽  
High Level ◽  
Public Archives ◽  
The Relationship

Clearly and precisely defined laws represent the basis for a good attitude towards the arhival materials, legal regulations determine the procedures and to a large extent make it possible to achieve a high level of protection and security of documents both in public archives and in private ones. The key problem is the issue of the normative arrangement of archival documents in private ownership. How is the document stored with the owner, how does the archive come to a contact, and if there is any legal regulation regarding the acquiring of documents from a private archive? The fact is that documents are archive treasures whether they are in the public archives or in private ownership. It is therefore important to establish a normative framework that encompasses a series of laws that are dealing with the profession, but above all taking care of the protection of documents and their preservation. The basis of work is the question of the relationship between state and private archives and their linkage as well as the usefulness of existing laws in the direction of taking over and keeping private property in possession of state archives.

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