L2 processing of Arabic derivational morphology

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Freynik ◽  
Kira Gor ◽  
Polly O’Rourke
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native English Speakers ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Derivational Morphology ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
European Languages ◽  
L2 Processing ◽  
Native Arabic Speakers ◽  
Complex Words

Abstract The current study examined how non-native speakers process the highly productive derivational morphology of Arabic in which, in contrast to Indo-European languages, word formation involves interleaving a root and template structure. Previous research shows that native speakers of Arabic decompose morphologically complex words in lexical processing. Using cross-modal priming, the current study shows that non-native speakers of Arabic (L1 English) also decompose derived forms such that there is priming between words that share a common root which is not due to semantic or phonological overlap. In spite of the typological distance, native English speakers organize their L2 Arabic lexicons in a manner similar to native Arabic speakers.

scholarly journals Morphologically complex words in L1 and L2 processing: Evidence from masked priming experiments in English

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
RENITA SILVA ◽  
HARALD CLAHSEN
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
L2 Processing ◽  
L2 Learners ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
Striking Contrast

This paper reports results from masked priming experiments investigating regular past-tense forms and deadjectival nominalizations with -ness and -ity in adult native (L1) speakers of English and in different groups of advanced adult second language (L2) learners of English. While the L1 group showed efficient priming for both inflected and derived word forms, the L2 learners demonstrated repetition-priming effects (like the L1 group), but no priming for inflected and reduced priming for derived word forms. We argue that this striking contrast between L1 and L2 processing supports the view that adult L2 learners rely more on lexical storage and less on combinatorial processing of morphologically complex words than native speakers.

Testing the acquisition of English productive and non-productive derivatives by native-Arabic speakers

1996 ◽  
Vol 113-114 ◽  
pp. 203-220
Author(s):  
Nassir Saleh Al-qadi
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Vocabulary Development ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Native Arabic Speakers ◽  
Learning English

Abstract Vocabulary development can be achieved by helping the foreign learner of English to acquire productivity and non-productivity in English derivation. In addition, the English productive derivatives should be given special attention in teaching to and learning by native-Arabic speakers because the Arabic language is a language of derivation and it is highly productive. This paper tests how the adult native-Arabic speakers learning English as a foreign language acquire English productive and non-productive derivatives. This will be done by comparing productivity in standard written Arabic and standard written English through contrastive analysis. The concept of contrastive analysis (CA) is initially called upon the fact that Arabic is a language of productive derivation while English is a language of more than one source of word-formation; borrowing, compounding and derivation. Moreover, productivity in English is not high. Secondly, morphology is subject to avoidance phenomenon by foreign learners. Hence, the predictive value of CA and also its testing in this paper should be very helpful for English teachers to native-Arabic speakers learning English and other foreign learners, language acquisition researchers, applied linguists, methodologists and textbook-writers.

EFFECTS OF LISTENERS' EXPECTATIONS OF SPEAKERS' NATIVENESS: IDENTIFICATION OF PHONEMIC VOWEL LENGTH

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1106-1115
Author(s):  
Wael Zuraiq ◽  
Moh'd Al-Omari ◽  
Sabri Al Shboul ◽  
Anas Al Huneety ◽  
Bassil Mashaqba
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Minimal Pairs ◽  
Native Arabic Speakers

Purpose of the study: This study is to describe an experiment in which native Arabic listeners identified phonemic vowels in Arabic words. Native Arabic speakers from a variety of dialects and non-native Arabic speakers spoke the words. The main objective of the present study is to understand the neglected role of the native listeners in making communication successful or impeded when native listeners lack adequate information about the non-native speaker and when the top-down processing is absent. Methodology: The present study examined real Arabic minimal pairs (short versus long vowels) uttered at a regular speaking rate by both native speakers of Arabic (NSA) as a control group and non-native speakers of Arabic (NNSA) as a test group. First, we told the listeners that they would hear speakers from various countries, and we did not tell them that the stimuli had non-native words. In the subsequent part of the experiment, we told native listeners that they would hear both native speakers and non-native intermediate speakers. Main Findings: The major outcome of the present study is that listeners made slower and less correct identifications when they knew that some of the speakers were non-native. The finding of the experiment confirms the hypothesis that the processing of non-native productions is influenced by native listeners' negative expectations about non-native speakers with the absence of adequate facilitating details. Applications of this study: The study contributes to the psycholinguistic understanding of the role of the native listeners' expectations and attitudes towards non-native speakers and contributes to the understanding of the interaction between native listeners and non-native speakers. The study can help linguists in understanding the role of listeners in communication impediments within the top-down approach. Novelty/Originality of this study: This work adopts a new approach where we tested the same listeners twice, first with no information about non-native speakers and second with information that they will hear non-native speakers in the stimuli. Such an approach intends to improve our perception towards language communication within listeners' attitudes as associated with foreign speakers when information about the context of stimuli is inadequate.

scholarly journals Word Formation in Japanese

Linguistics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taro Kageyama
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Complicated System ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Broad Term ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Nonconcatenative Morphology ◽  
Complex Words

The term “word formation” is used here as a broad term covering a wide array of word formation processes and morphological issues related to syntax and semantics. The reason Japanese is specifically focused on is that this language, though lacking a complicated system of agreement-based inflections and declensions that are common to inflectional and polysynthetic types of languages, is rich in word formation processes that straddle the boundaries of morphology, syntax, semantics, and phonology and is therefore considered to have good potential to contribute toward theorizing the place of morphology in the overall architecture of grammatical modules. Japanese has a wealth of concatenative and nonconcatenative word formation processes that produce complex words by compounding, affixation, conversion, inflection, blending, clipping, and other mechanisms, which are often conditioned by differences of lexical strata (native, Sino-Japanese, foreign, and mimetic). This article chiefly treats concatenative morphology, with brief reference to nonconcatenative morphology. Besides, the agglutinative character of Japanese makes it difficult to identify “words” in a unitary manner as in European languages. Defining the notion of “word” is also a key issue in mulling over the word formation phenomena in this language.

scholarly journals The expression and conceptualization of motion through space and manner of motion in Arabic and English: A comparative analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 57-76
Author(s):  
Ghadah AlMurshidi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Native English Speakers ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
Typical Satellite ◽  
Manner Verbs

This paper is a comparative analysis of English and Arabic expressions of motion events using narratives of Chafe’s (1980) Pear Story elicited from native speakers of both languages. The native‐speaker English narratives were elicited by Feiz (2007). A discourse analytic approach is used to examine how speakers of Arabic and English indicate motion through path, manner, and ground. The data consist of 45 elicited oral narratives. The narratives are all based on Chafe’s (1990) Pear Film, which is a 6‐minute film with many characters, but no dialogue. Fifteen of these are in Arabic, fifteen in English by Arabic speakers, and fifteen in English by native English speakers. The findings of this study indicate that Arabic is a verb‐framed language (Talmy, 2007). It has a variety of path verbs such as yadheh “fall,” yamer “pass,” and yenzel “descend.” Furthermore, the stative verb is used frequently in Arabic by all the Arabic speakers to describe a static location (Feiz, 2007). The total number of uses of the stative verb in Arabic is 71 tokens. In addition, the verb yati “come” is used in Arabic to introduce newcomers, as it is in English (Feiz, 2007). However, the use of the manner verbs in Arabic, such as etkhardhaf “tumbles,” is rare. English is considered a typical satellite‐framed language. It has a large number of manner verbs (Slobin, 2003). Some deictic verbs are used with path satellites (e.g., comes along). Manner verbs are also used with path satellites (e.g., climb down and walk back). Multiple path satellites also appear in English (e.g., came down off and climbed back up in).

scholarly journals Attitudes toward Jordanian Arabic-Accented English among Native and Non-native Speakers of English

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-29
Author(s):  
Mohammed Nour Abu Guba ◽  
Bassil Mashaqba ◽  
Anas Huneety ◽  
Omer AlHajEid
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native English Speakers ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Jordanian Arabic ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Accented English

This paper explores attitudes toward Jordanian Arabic-accented English among native and non-native speakers of English. Three groups of listeners (native English speakers, Jordanian Arab specialists and non-specialists in English) were asked to rate three groups of speakers (a group of native English speakers and two groups of Jordanian Arabic bilinguals) reading a short story in English on the degree of foreign accentedness, friendliness, pleasantness and clarity. The results showed that the Jordanian Arabic speakers, especially those with a lower level of English, were perceived less favourably than the native speakers. Furthermore, the English native listeners generally had more favourable perceptions than the non-native listeners with regard to the non-native speakers. The degree of foreign-accentedness was highly correlated with attitudes toward non-native speakers, especially among the non-native speakers themselves. The results confirm that a native English accent is preferred over non-native accents.

Do you hear it now? A native advantage for sarcasm processing

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARA PETERS ◽  
KATHRYN WILSON ◽  
TIMOTHY W. BOITEAU ◽  
CARLOS GELORMINI-LEZAMA ◽  
AMIT ALMOR
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
English Learners ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Native English Speakers ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Spoken Discourse ◽  
Spoken English ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Prosodic Cues

Context and prosody are the main cues native-English speakers rely on to detect and interpret sarcastic irony within spoken discourse. The importance of each type of cue for detecting sarcasm has not been fully investigated in native speakers and has not been examined at all in adult English learners. Here, we compare the extent to which native-English speakers and Arabic-speaking English learners rely on contextual and prosodic cues to identify sarcasm in spoken English, situating these findings within current cross-linguistic effects literature. We show Arabic speakers utilize the cues to a different extent than native speakers: they tend not to utilize prosodic information, focusing on contextual semantic information. These results help clarify the relative weight of contextual and prosodic cues in native-English speakers and support theories that suggest that prosody and emotion could transfer separately in second language learning such that one could transfer while the other does not.

scholarly journals Asymmetric Morphological Priming Among Inflected and Derived Verbs and Nouns in Greek

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Loui ◽  
Athanassios Protopapas ◽  
Eleni Orfanidou
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Inflectional Morphology ◽  
Derivational Morphology ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Grammatical Class ◽  
Complex Words

The present study examined differences between inflectional and derivational morphology using Greek nouns and verbs with masked priming (with both short and long stimulus onset asynchrony) and long-lag priming. A lexical decision task to inflected noun and verb targets was used to test whether their processing is differentially facilitated by prior presentation of their stem in words of the same grammatical class (inflectional morphology) or of a different grammatical class (derivational morphology). Differences in semantics, syntactic information, and morphological complexity between inflected and derived word pairs (both nouns and verbs) were minimized by unusually tight control of stimuli as permitted by Greek morphology. Results showed that morphological relations affected processing of morphologically complex Greek words (nouns and verbs) across prime durations (50–250ms) as well as when items intervened between primes and targets. In two of the four experiments (Experiments 1 and 3), inflectionally related primes produced significantly greater effects than derivationally related primes suggesting differences in processing inflectional versus derivational morphological relations, which may disappear when processing is less dependent on semantic effects (Experiment 4). Priming effects differed for verb vs. noun targets with long SOA priming (Experiment 3), consistent with processing differences between complex words of different grammatical class (nouns and verbs) when semantic effects are maximized. Taken together, results demonstrate that inflectional and derivational relations differentially affect processing complex words of different grammatical class (nouns and verbs). This finding indicates that distinctions of morphological relation (inflectional vs. derivational) are not of the same kind as distinctions of grammatical class (nouns vs. verbs). Asymmetric differences among inflected and derived verbs and nouns seem to depend on semantic effects and/or processing demands modulating priming effects very early in lexical processing of morphologically complex written words, consistent with models of lexical processing positing early access to morphological structure and early influence of semantics.

scholarly journals “The Words Disappeared When Faced with Real Life Situations”: Communication Difficulties of Non-Native Speakers of Arabic in the Sultanate of Oman

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Fatma Yousuf Al-Busaidi
Keyword(s):  
Adult Learners ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Native Arabic Speakers ◽  
Communication Difficulties ◽  
Colloquial Arabic ◽  
Teaching Programs ◽  
Authentic Life

The learning of Arabic as a foreign language (AFL) is increasing around the world. Even so, non-native speakers learners of Arabic face an array of communication difficulties. The present study is intended to explore some of the possible communication difficulties encountered by adult learners of Arabic in the Sultanate of Oman. An interpretive approach was adopted for the study, using in-depth interviewing and participants’ diaries. The findings of the study revealed that non-native Arabic speakers face four distinct difficulties when they attempt to communicate in Arabic. These difficulties are categorized as: putting thoughts into words, maintaining continuous speaking, pronunciation-related issues and applying grammar in their speech. These findings call for improved teaching programs, bridging the gap between classroom teaching activities and authentic life situations and the placing of parallel emphasis on both standard (written) Arabic and vernacular spoken Arabic in its different contextual communities. It is recommended that more studies investigating the dichotomy between colloquial Arabic varieties and standard Arabic should be undertaken.

Utilizing Adaptive and Intelligent Systems for Collaborative Online Learning

2016 ◽  
pp. 165-186
Author(s):  
Matin Saad Abdullah ◽  
Al-Sakib Khan Pathan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Communications Technology ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Native Arabic Speakers ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Intelligent Model

The purpose of this chapter is to present an Adaptive and Intelligent model for online Qur'anic Arabic learning. The goal of this model is to make the learning process easier by extracting frequently used words and collocation in Qur'an with different contextual connotations and then applying a periodic reminding system via online. The target is to make occasional learning easier for the subscribers. The work focuses on non-native speakers of Arabic among the Muslims because it is an obligation for them to memorize and recite a part of the Qur'an during the five daily prayers. While for native Arabic speakers, it is relatively easy to understand, this approach of ours aims at achieving a level of understanding of the recited Arabic words even for the non-native users. The power of Social Media, thus Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has been effectively used in this domain. A part of this project has already been implemented. Alongside the description of our base learning model, we also present the technical details and obtained results from our implemented prototype.

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