A method for investigating coreference in translations and originals

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Kunz
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
The Way

Coreference is one essential strategy of coherence and cohesion as it establishes connectivity in texts. This connection is evoked by linguistic devices on the text surface but has to be interpreted mentally as a relation between extralinguistic referents. Since translators are concerned with the reception of connectivity in source texts and the production of the same kind of connectivity in target texts coreference is an important process taking place in translation. The present paper deals with the elaboration of a method for investigating nominal coreference in originals and translations. In order to build parameters for the empirical analysis of coreference in English and German corpora we provide an overview over various mechanisms affecting the creation of coreference relations in source and target texts. We take account of linguistic as well as extralinguistic aspects as interdependent and interacting factors potentially causing shifts in coreference. The model we establish on the basis of these considerations allows us to investigate nominal coreferring expressions as well as analyse the relation of reference identity created between these expressions. Hence, our model facilitates exhaustive research on a very fine-grained scale. It allows us to capture differences on the lexicogrammatical as well as on a semantic and conceptual level and, thus, paves the way for interpretation on a more conceptual level.

Different people, different wishes? Can heterogeneity of the population cause more and different kinds of economic activities?

TERRITORIO ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Alei E. Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
The Town

- The objective of the article is to empirically test the hypothesis that the heterogeneity of an urban population influences the creation and the development of the businesses and economic activities (‘organisational diversity') of a city. More specifically, the heterogeneity of a population is measured in terms of religious pluralism, while organisational heterogeneity concerns the different economic activities, both manufacturing and services, present in a city. The influence of religion on economic demand is based on the ‘new paradigm' (Christiano et al., 2002), according to which individuals who belong to different religious groups have different values with regard to education, social ambition and attitude to work. As a consequence, they tend to choose different professions and prefer different economic activities. The empirical analysis, which is conducted on the town of Zwolle in northern Holland in the period 1851-1914, tests the hypothesis and finds a real and significant impact of religious pluralism on the economic structure of the town.

The Contribution of University Business Incubators to New Knowledge-Based Ventures

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Grimaldi ◽  
Alessandro Grandi
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Technological Knowledge ◽  
Business Incubators ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This paper examines the role of university business incubators (UBIs) in supporting the creation of new knowledge-based ventures. UBIs are described as effective mechanisms for overcoming weaknesses of the more traditional public incubating institutions. They offer firms a range of university-related benefits, such as access to laboratories and equipment, to scientific and technological knowledge and to networks of key contacts, and the reputation that accrues from affiliation with a university. The empirical analysis is based on the Turin Polytechnic Incubator (TPI) and on case studies of six academic spin-offs hosted at TPI. While TPI does not effectively resolve such problems as inadequate access to funding capital and the lack of management and financial skills in its tenant companies, the networking capacity of incubating programmes is seen as a key characteristic that may help new knowledge-based ventures to overcome such difficulties.

Intonation and the structural organisation of texts in simultaneous interpreting

Interpreting ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Lourdes Nafá Waasaf
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Pitch ◽  
Simultaneous Interpreting ◽  
Structural Organisation ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
The Way

This paper investigates the way intonation can contribute to the organisation of source texts (ST) and target texts (TT) in simultaneous interpreting (SI). The research method and results offer a broader perspective on the use of intonation in SI, a parameter often viewed in the literature as anomalous and genre-specific. The empirical analysis focuses on the structural organisation of ST and TT into phonological paragraphs, a process which is achieved, in part, through intonational choices both of the speakers and of the interpreters. A corpus-based study of fifteen ST and the corresponding TT produced in the European Parliament and European Commission was conducted using an acoustic methodology with discoursal support. The results indicate that both speakers and interpreters comply with the intonational pattern described in the literature, i.e. high pitch at initial paragraph boundaries and low pitch at final boundaries. These findings should be relevant for future research on intonation in the field of interpreting, intonation being a factor that seems to affect both the interpreter’s perception of the ST and, ultimately, the listeners’ reception of the TT.

The value of sub-national data: The dynamics of contentious politics in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-322
Author(s):  
Belén González ◽  
Johannes Vüllers
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Contentious Politics ◽  
National Data ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
National Approach ◽  
Do So

Over the last decade, a renewed interest in the empirical analysis of contentious politics has led to significant improvements in the quality and quantity of data. The related wave of research has thus turned to analysis of the dynamics of contentious politics from a comparative perspective. Unfortunately, these studies use country level datasets for their analysis, creating a mismatch between the original actor-based theoretical framework and the empirical conceptualization of contentious collective action. We discuss the conceptual challenges this theoretical-empirical gap generates and highlight how contentious dynamics can be studied with a bottom-up sub-national approach. To do so, we present a new fine-grained dataset of contentious collective action in post-conflict Nepal (2007 to 2010). We descriptively show how this type of data can help us improve our understanding of repertoires of contentious politics. This paper highlights the relevance of gathering information on active organizations to study the inherent dynamics of contentious politics.

The Emergence of the Concept of ‘General Principle of International Law’ in Investment Arbitration Case Law

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-216
Author(s):  
Patrick Dumberry
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Res Judicata ◽  
Investment Arbitration ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Further Development ◽  
The Way

Abstract This article examines the concept of ‘general principle of international law’ and the way it has so far been used by tribunals in investment cases. It will first outline the nature and meaning of these principles emerging on the international plane and distingue them from other general principles grounded in States’ domestic laws. The empirical analysis of four general principles (burden of proof, estoppel, res judicata and abuse of rights) shows that many tribunals have explicitly recognized them as general principles of international law. The reasoning of other tribunals, the expressions they have used and the international law material they have referred to strongly suggest that they have also come to the same conclusion. Finally, this article considers the reasons why this concept is important to the further development of investment arbitration.

Attention Sustainability Impact on Social Status in the Class

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Stanislava Varadinova
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
School Dropout ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Early School ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way ◽  
Positive Environment

The attention sustainability and its impact of social status in the class are current issues concerning the field of education are the reasons for delay in assimilating the learning material and early school dropout. Behind both of those problems stand psychological causes such as low attention sustainability, poor communication skills and lack of positive environment. The presented article aims to prove that sustainability of attention directly influences the social status of students in the class, and hence their overall development and the way they feel in the group. Making efforts to increase students’ attention sustainability could lead to an increase in the social status of the student and hence the creation of a favorable and positive environment for the overall development of the individual.

The Word Class Adjective in English Business Magazines Online

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-115
Author(s):  
Borislav Marušić ◽  
Sanda Katavić-Čaušić
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Business English ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
English Syntax ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The aim of this paper is to research the word class adjective in one sequence of the ESP: Business English, more precisely English business magazines online. It is an empirical study on the corpus taken from a variety of business magazines online. The empirical analysis allows a comprehensive insight into the word class adjective in this variety of Business English and makes its contribution to English syntax, semantics and word formation. The syntactic part analyses the adjective position in the sentence. The semantic part of the study identifies the most common adjectives that appear in English business magazines online. Most of the analysis is devoted to the word formation of the adjectives found in the corpus. The corpus is analysed in such a way that it enables its division into compounds, derivatives and conversions. The results obtained in this way will give a comprehensive picture of the word class adjective in this type of Business English and can act as a starting point for further research of the word class adjective.

ICT SMEs, Performance, Absorptive Capacity and Transformative Capacity

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-188
Author(s):  
Yeon-Sung Cho ◽  
Kyung-Il Khoe
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Transformative Capacity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Innovative Capacity

This study intends to integrate the relationship of market orientation, innovative capacity and firm performance to Information and Communication Technology(ICT) SMEs. The purpose of this study is to identify the role of absorptive capacity and transformative capacity that affect the performance of ICT SMEs. Hypotheses were established between five latent variables. A total of six hypotheses were established including the moderated effects of absorptive capacity and transformative capacity. Of the data collected after the survey, 112 valid surveys were selected as the final sample, except for 17 questionnaires with high non - response and insincere response. The empirical analysis of this study used smartpls3.0, Partial Least Squares (PLS), a variance-based structural equation modeling. The empirical analysis of this study revealed that the impact of market orientation on innovative capacity was significant. Moreover, the innovative capacity had a positive effect on the performance of ICT SMEs. In addition, the absorptive activity had a positive moderated effect between the market orientation and the innovative capacity. On the other hand, the transformative capacity showed a positive moderated effect in relation to innovative capacity and firm performance. Our empirical results have demonstrated the importance of knowledge based capacity in the ICT SMEs.

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