Cohesive explicitness and explicitation in an English-German translation corpus

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Hansen-Schirra ◽  
Stella Neumann ◽  
Erich Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Information Extraction ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Lexical Cohesion ◽  
German Translation ◽  
Multilingual Communication ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
First Results ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Research Architecture

Explicitness or implicitness as assumed properties of translated texts and other texts in multilingual communication have for some time been the object of speculation and, at a later stage, of more systematic research in linguistics and translation studies. This paper undertakes an investigation of explicitness/implicitness and related phenomena of translated texts on the level of cohesion. A corpus-based research architecture, embedded in an empirical research methodology, will be outlined, and first results and possible explanations will be discussed. The paper starts with a terminological clarification of the concepts of ‘explicitness’ and ‘explicitation’ in terms of dependent variables to be investigated. The two terms — and their usage by other scholars — will be discussed. An electronic corpus will then be described which provides the empirical data and techniques for information extraction. For the investigation carried out using our corpus, indicators will then be derived on the basis of which operationalizations and hypotheses can be formulated for patterns of explicitation occurring between source and target texts. Some initial results relating to cohesive explicitness and explicitation in the data will be presented and discussed, with particular attention being paid to the areas of ‘reference’, ‘substitution‘, ‘ellipsis’, ‘conjunction’, and ‘lexical cohesion’. First attempts will also be made at explaining the findings.

scholarly journals Radial variation of whistler-mode chorus: first results from the STAFF/DWP instrument on board the Double Star TC-1 spacecraft

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 2937-2942 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Santolík ◽  
E. Macúšová ◽  
K. H. Yearby ◽  
N. Cornilleau-Wehrlin ◽  
H. StC. K. Alleyne
Keyword(s):  
Cyclotron Frequency ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Double Star ◽  
Electron Cyclotron ◽  
Radial Variation ◽  
Whistler Mode ◽  
Electron Cyclotron Frequency ◽  
The Earth ◽  
First Results ◽  
Initial Results

Abstract. We use the first measurements of the STAFF/DWP instrument on the Double Star TC-1 spacecraft to investigate whistler-mode chorus. We present initial results of a systematic study on radial variation of dawn chorus. The chorus events show an increased intensity at L parameter above 6. This is important for the possible explanation of intensifications of chorus, which were previously observed closer to the Earth at higher latitudes. Our results also indicate that the upper band of chorus at frequencies above one-half of the electron cyclotron frequency disappears for L above 8. The lower band of chorus is observed at frequencies below 0.4 of the electron cyclotron frequency up to L of 11-12. The maxima of the chorus power spectra are found at slightly lower frequencies compared to previous studies. We do not observe any distinct evolution of the position of the chorus frequency band as a function of L. More data of the TC-1 spacecraft are needed to verify these initial results and to increase the MLT coverage.

Injectivity in Equational Classes of Algebras

1972 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Day
Keyword(s):  
Abelian Groups ◽  
Essential Extension ◽  
Boolean Algebras ◽  
Equational Class ◽  
Injective Hull ◽  
Fundamental Notion ◽  
First Results ◽  
Initial Results

The concept of injectivity in classes of algebras can be traced back to Baer's initial results for Abelian groups and modules in [1]. The first results in non-module types of algebras appeared when Halmos [14] described the injective Boolean algebras using Sikorski's lemma on extensions of Boolean homomorphisms [19]. In recent years, there have been several results (see references) describing the injective algebras in other particular equational classes of algebras.In [10], Eckmann and Schopf introduced the fundamental notion of essential extension and gave the basic relations that this concept had with injectivity in the equational class of all modules over a given ring. They developed the notion of an injective hull (or envelope) which provided every module with a minimal injective extension or equivalently, a maximal essential extension. In [6] and [9], it was noted that these relationships hold in any equational class with enough injectives.

scholarly journals Internal structure and rotation of the Sun: First results from the MDI data

1997 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
A.G. Kosovichev ◽  
J. Schou ◽  
P.H. Scherrer ◽  
R.S. Bogart ◽  
R.I. Bush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Convective Boundary ◽  
Doppler Imager ◽  
Lower Amplitude ◽  
Oscillation Modes ◽  
First Results ◽  
Sharp Variation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Initial Results

The Medium-l Program of the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) instrument on board SOHO provides continuous observations of oscillation modes of angular degree, l, from 0 to ∼ 300. The initial results show that the noise in the Medium-l oscillation power spectrum is substantially lower than in ground-based measurements. This enables us to detect lower amplitude modes and, thus, to extend the range of measured mode frequencies. The MDI observations also reveal the asymmetry of oscillation spectral lines. The line asymmetries agree with the theory of mode excitation by acoustic sources localized in the upper convective boundary layer. The sound-speed profile inferred from the mean frequencies gives evidence for a sharp variation at the edge of the energy-generating core. In a thin layer just beneath the convection zone, helium appears to be less abundant than predicted by theory. Inverting the multiplet frequency splittings from MDI, we detect significant rotational shear in this thin layer.

Analysis of Virtual positions Management development Supporting Technology for initial Results of the Semester of Code

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 642
Author(s):  
Vimal Kumar Stephen. K ◽  
V. Mathivanan
Keyword(s):  
Management Development ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Learning Society ◽  
Technological Method ◽  
First Results ◽  
Initial Results

<p>This paper clarifies the Virtual Alliances for Learning Society (VALS) Project technological method to deal with bolster a virtual positions management development. Likewise, this paper demonstrates the first results of the viable piece of the venture, the Semester of Code, clarifying the recognized issues, the issues, the difficulties and a few activities to enhance the advancement of this sort of virtual positions programs. With a specific end goal to enable the readers to better understand the approach and its outcomes, the composition likewise portrays three of the principle virtual positions programs far and wide, in regards to both their association and innovative approach.</p>

scholarly journals THE ARAGONESE CASTLE OF PIAZZA ARMERINA, SICILY: NEW SURVEYS FOR THE CONSERVATION AND THE VALORISATION OF A CULTURAL RESOURCE

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-M-1-2021 ◽  
pp. 777-784
Author(s):  
A. Versaci ◽  
A. Cardaci ◽  
L. R. Fauzìa ◽  
M. Russo
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Cultural Resource ◽  
Multidisciplinary Study ◽  
Cultural Good ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
First Results ◽  
Maintenance Activities

Abstract. Sicily owns a vast heritage consisting of manors, strongholds, coastal towers and city fortifications that reflect its long history and strategic role in the Mediterranean Sea. Most of these assets are now in poor condition and abandoned, affected by both aging and the lack of preservation and maintenance activities. Their knowledge is often incomplete because of a lack of archival sources and the quasi-absence of accurate surveys and stratigraphic analyses. A systematic research programme on the most important castles in central Sicily, was then launched. In this context, this paper presents the case study of the Aragonese castle in Piazza Armerina. It shows the first results of a multidisciplinary study based on the integrated use of technologies for three-dimensional survey and supported by new critical interpretations of the morphological and material peculiarities of such an important cultural good. An operational practice aimed at correctly orienting future restoration and reuse activities, based on both scientific criteria and respectful approach to the monument.

scholarly journals Analysis of Biomaterials as Green Coagulants to Control Suspended Solids for Surface Water Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Devesa-Rey ◽  
J.D. González-Aller ◽  
Santiago Urréjola
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Lactic Acid Concentration ◽  
Surface Water Treatment ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
First Results ◽  
Promising Area

This study explores the use of natural, ecological coagulant-flocculants to reduce suspended particles in water. Three compounds were tested, namely: diatomaceous earth, calcium lactate and lactic acid. For this purpose, experiments in jar tests were carried out and the best compound was submitted to an optimization in order to evaluate the most significant parameters affecting its use as coagulant-flocculant. First results evidenced that lactic acid remove 71% of the suspended particles during the first five minutes, and up to 83% during the first 15 min. To optimize its use, the range of suspended particles concentration, lactic acid dose and salinity gradient was tested by means of an incomplete 33 factorial design. This technique allows reducing the number of experiments to be carried out through a response surface methodology, which enables to infer the values of the dependent variables in not studied situations, by means of predictive equations. As a result of the experiments carried out, optimal conditions to remove suspended particles were set at a lactic acid concentration of 1.75 g·L−1. As lactic acid may be obtained biotechnologically from organic wastes, this use supposes a promising area by keeping products and materials in use and contributing to a circular economy.

scholarly journals Sources of Panteleimon Kulish’s Views on Translation

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Тарас Шмігер
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
German Translation ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
Translation Practice ◽  
Problems Of Translation ◽  
New Literature ◽  
Correct Translation

Panteleimon Kulish’s views on translation were based on his own experience of translations and shaped under the infl uence of contemporary Ukrainian translation practice and scholarly thought (observations by H. Kvitka-Osnovianenko, P. Hulak-Artemovskyi, Ya. Holovatskyi, and M. Maksymovych; biblical texts in translation of P. Hulak-Artemovskyi, M. Maksymovych, V. Aleksandrov, and P. Morachevskyi), as well as the German translation studies (ideas of J. Herder, W. Humboldt, F.Schleiermacher, and A. Schlegel). The Ukrainian critic’s understanding corresponds to the views of other Slavonic authors: some Czech critics considered translation as a significant power for creating a new literature and nation and saw the roots of this strength in the language, but more detailed criteria for evaluating translation quality weren’t discussed yet; Russian researchers emphasized the significance of the author’s approach for the correct translation of his/her writings. P. Kulish considered the problems of reproducing the identity of the text much deeper, drawing attention to what makes any translation a different literary work and how the text may or should be modified with respect to the specific features of the reader’s perception. In terms of translation studies of the time, P. Kulish regarded the “poetic spirit and composition” of the text as the main criteria of the equivalent translation. However, the term ‘composition’ does not only designate the formal structure of a text. It is related to the concept that the form is shaped by the language and specific lingual means as well.  P. Kulish was aware of the semantic problems of translation, but available linguistic knowledge of the time didn’t offer proper terms for their description. In addition, P. Kulish was actually one of the first (if not the first) to introduce into Ukrainian translation studies the term ‘untranslatable’, which became very popular in the theoretical and critical discussions of the 20th century.

Aging as a motive for literary retranslation

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piet Van Poucke
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
First Results

Abstract One of the concepts that is regularly referred to in studies on retranslation, but has not yet been extensively investigated or operationalized, is the (alleged) aging of (literary) translations. While the assumption that every generation deserves its own translation of canonical literary works is taken for granted, particularly by non-academic critics of literary (re)translations, this notion does not seem to be as prevalent in academia. In this article, I review the scholarly literature on retranslation in order to determine how the concept of aging has been defined and described in translation studies so far. The findings of this survey will subsequently be tested out with a number of case studies on literary retranslation, allowing us to determine the relative importance of the concept and define its different aspects. Finally, I present the first results of an empirical pilot study on aging in literary translation, and will suggest several lines for further investigation that would allow translation studies to further operationalize the concept for future, more comprehensive and systematic analyses of aging in all its different (linguistic, translational, and cultural) aspects.

scholarly journals Processing and Communication Delays in EWS: On the Performance of the Earthcloud Prototype

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Martin Klapez ◽  
Carlo Augusto Grazia ◽  
Maurizio Casoni ◽  
Simone Zennaro ◽  
Matteo Cozzani
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Communication Delays ◽  
Alert System ◽  
P Waves ◽  
Earthquake Early Warning System ◽  
S Waves ◽  
First Results ◽  
Initial Results

A Seismic Alert System (SAS), also called Earthquake Warning System (EWS) or Earthquake Early Warning System (EEW or EEWS), represents one of the most important measures that can be taken to prevent and minimize earthquake damage. These systems are mainly used to detect P-waves and the faster seismic waves and to subsequently trigger an alarm about the incoming S-waves, the slower and most dangerous seismic waves. In some cases, distributed systems are also able to alert some locations before the impending P-waves strike them. This paper presents Earthcloud, a cloud-based SAS that aims to provide all the former capabilities while retaining financial accessibility. Earthcloud first results, generated from four months of data acquisition, are compared with those coming from other systems. In particular, the paper focuses on processing and communication delays, showing how the Earthcloud new detection strategy may minimize delays. Although a thorough test campaign with more sensor nodes is needed to assess performance reliably, especially for highly dense urban scenarios, initial results are promising, with total latencies for Earthcloud always kept under the 1-second mark, despite being at the expense of solid magnitude estimation.

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