Allomorphy in Korean Noun Particles

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 65-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongsung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Parallel Evaluation

Abstract. The Multiple Input approach in Optimality Theory for Korean allomorph alternations has been challenged by recent research. It is shown not only to have failed in dealing with alternations after ŋ-final stems and with the lo/ilo and the wa/kwa alternations, but also to have resulted in a ranking paradox between different allomorph sets. These problems lead researchers to argue that Optimality Theory is incapable of dealing with the Korean allomorphy or to propose a separate selection device outside of the evaluation component to explain the allomorph alternations in Korean. This paper, however, shows that the apparent problems come from the partially optimizing nature of Korean noun allomorphy. It argues that parallel evaluation with multiple inputs has no problem in dealing with Korean allomorphy. A universal allomorphy constraint, DEFAULT ALLOMORPH, which prefers a phonologically simple allomorph, is proposed to remedy the problems found in the previous analyses. With DEFAULT ALLOMORPH and other relevant constraints, we do not have to resort to separate selection/elimination stages or to language-particular and morpheme-specific constraints to explain Korean noun particle allomorph alternations.

scholarly journals Efficient Evaluation and Learning in Multilevel Parallel Constraint Grammars

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-388
Author(s):  
Paul Boersma ◽  
Jan-Willem van Leussen
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Output Level ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Visualization Evaluation ◽  
Parallel Evaluation ◽  
Constraint Grammars

In multilevel parallel Optimality Theory grammars, the number of candidates (possible paths from the input to the output level) increases exponentially with the number of levels of representation. The problem with this is that with the customary strategy of listing all candidates in a tableau, the computation time for evaluation (i.e., choosing the winning candidate) and learning (i.e., reranking the constraints on the basis of language data) increases exponentially with the number of levels as well. This article proposes instead to collect the candidates in a graph in which the number of nodes and the number of connections increase only linearly with the number of levels of representation. As a result, there exist procedures for evaluation and learning that increase only linearly with the number of levels. These efficient procedures help to make multilevel parallel constraint grammars more feasible as models of human language processing. We illustrate visualization, evaluation, and learning with a toy grammar for a traditional case that has already previously been analyzed in terms of parallel evaluation, namely, French liaison.

scholarly journals Lookahead Effect in Mbe Reduplication

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wei
Keyword(s):  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Harmonic Serialism ◽  
Parallel Evaluation ◽  
Phonological Change

An approach to reduplication in parallel Optimality Theory predicts the possibility of lookahead effects in contrast to Serial Template Satisfaction in Harmonic Serialism (McCarthy, Kimper & Mullin 2012). I argue that a lookahead effect is found in the reduplicative imperative affixation in Mbe, where the amount of material copied foresees the availability of a subsequent phonological change. A straightforward account of the pattern is available in parallel OT but not the serial approach, which requires ad hoc stipulations about constraint evaluation that introduce unwanted theoretical complications. This paper thus provides evidence in favor of parallel evaluation in the theory of reduplication.

Phonologically conditioned allomorphy in the morphology of Surmiran (Rumantsch)

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Optimality Theory ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Entire System ◽  
Verbal System ◽  
Extended Sense ◽  
Phonological Rule

Alternations between allomorphs that are not directly related by phonological rule, but whose selection is governed by phonological properties of the environment, have attracted the sporadic attention of phonologists and morphologists. Such phenomena are commonly limited to rather small corners of a language's structure, however, and as a result have not been a major theoretical focus. This paper examines a set of alternations in Surmiran, a Swiss Rumantsch language, that have this character and that pervade the entire system of the language. It is shown that the alternations in question, best attested in the verbal system, are not conditioned by any coherent set of morphological properties (either straightforwardly or in the extended sense of ‘morphomes’ explored in other Romance languages by Maiden). These alternations are, however, straightforwardly aligned with the location of stress in words, and an analysis is proposed within the general framework of Optimality Theory to express this. The resulting system of phonologically conditioned allomorphy turns out to include the great majority of patterning which one might be tempted to treat as productive phonology, but which has been rendered opaque (and subsequently morphologized) as a result of the working of historical change.

An Effective Model of the Overshooting Effect for Multiple-Input Gates in Nanometer Technologies

2014 ◽  
Vol E97.A (5) ◽  
pp. 1059-1074
Author(s):  
Li DING ◽  
Zhangcai HUANG ◽  
Atsushi KUROKAWA ◽  
Jing WANG ◽  
Yasuaki INOUE
Keyword(s):  
Effective Model ◽  
Multiple Input

Model Fungsi Transfer Input Ganda untuk Pemodelan Jakarta Islamic Index

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Laela Fitriani ◽  
Pika Silvianti ◽  
Rahma Anisa
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Multivariate Time Series ◽  
Model Identification ◽  
Transfer Function Model ◽  
Function Model ◽  
Jones Index ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Identification Stage ◽  
Stage Estimation

Transfer function model with multiple input is a multivariate time series forecasting model that combines several characteristics of ARIMA models by utilizing some regression analysis properties. This model is used to determine the effect of output series towards input series so that the model can be used to analyze the factors that affect the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). The USD exchange rate against rupiah and Dow Jones Index (DJI) were used as input series. The transfer function model was constructed through several stages: model identification stage, estimation of transfer function model, and model diagnostic test. Based on the transfer function model, the JII was influenced by JII at the period of one and two days before. JII was also affected by the USD exchange rate against rupiah at the same period and at one and two days before. In addition, the JII was influenced by DJI at the same period and also at period of one until five days ago. The Mean Absolute Prencentage Error (MAPE) value of forecasting result was 0.70% and the correlation between actual and forecast data was 0.77. This shows that the model was well performed for forecasting JII.

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