scholarly journals A (not so) paradoxical instance of compensatory lengthening: Samothraki Greek and theoretical implications

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-119
Author(s):  
Nina Topintzi
Keyword(s):  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Mapping ◽  
Single Input ◽  
Moraic Theory ◽  
Compensatory Lengthening

AbstractSamothraki Greek onset-/r/ deletion with subsequent compensatory lengthening (CL) of the following vowel poses two major problems for current phonological theory. First, such a pattern should be impossible because in moraic theory onsets never bear weight, thus — under the assumption that CL is all about mora conservation (cf. Hayes 1989 and several others) — their deletion should not induce lengthening. Second, CL is an instance of opacity, and opacity is the single biggest conundrum that Optimality Theory faces. This paper addresses both issues and suggests that CL should not be treated as mora conservation, but instead as position preservation through the presence of a mora. This move sidesteps the previous problems as no reference to the input moraicity of segments is required and consequently, onsets, like codas, can cause CL. Moreover, concerns about OT’s parallelism, single input-output mapping, and Richness of the Base are taken into account ensuring that the resulting analysis observes all of them. The proposed solution neatly accounts for a number of CL cases and is successfully implemented in Samothraki Greek, an elaborate analysis of which is offered to capture the full range of facts.

scholarly journals Hybrid Opacity in Berbice Dutch Creole

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dow
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Mutual Exclusivity ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Output Mapping ◽  
Place Assimilation ◽  
Single Input

<p>Recent work on opacity calls attention to the need for a refined taxonomy (e.g. Baković 2007, 2011), though the mutual exclusivity of the two major kinds of opaque interactions, underapplication and overapplication, remains unquestioned. No interaction has, until now, been reported to display both effects for a single input to output mapping. I present one case from Berbice Dutch Creole (hereafter Berbice) where, depending on the analysis, nasal place assimilation simultaneously underapplies and overapplies, due to an interaction with consonant deletion. In this paper, I present several possible analyses of the Berbice data in rule-based serialism and Optimality Theory with Candidate Chains (McCarthy 2007) and compare the claims these frameworks make on the interaction’s classification. I also discuss the theoretical implications of hybrid opacity and how it may fit within the larger taxonomy of opacity. Finally, I lay the foundation for further work on the phenomenon by presenting a generalized template and a possible experimental design.</p>

scholarly journals Compensatory Lengthening in OT and DOT: Loss of Dorsal Fricatives in Middle
or Early Modern English

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Kleban
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Syllable Weight ◽  
Early Modern English ◽  
Working Solution ◽  
Vowel Lengthening ◽  
Compensatory Lengthening ◽  
Lexical Phonology

The loss of dorsal fricatives in English held significant consequences for the adjacent tautosyllabic vowels, which underwent Compensatory Lengthening in order to preserve a syllable weight. While the process appears to be regular in descriptive terms, its evaluation handled within standard Optimality Theory highlights the ineffectiveness of the framework to parse both the segment deletion and two weight-related processes: Weight- by-Position and vowel lengthening due to mora preservation. As Optimality Theory has failed to analyse the data in a compelling manner, the introduction of derivation, benefitting from the legacy of Lexical Phonology, seems inevitable. The working solution is provided by Derivational Optimality Theory, which assumes a restrictive use of intermediate stages throughout the evaluation.

scholarly journals Designing of a reversible fault tolerant booth multiplier

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Md M Rahman ◽  
Md M Hossain ◽  
Lafifa Jamal ◽  
S Nowrin
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Quantum Cost ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Booth Multiplier ◽  
Output Mapping ◽  
Result Analysis ◽  
Cost Parameters

Conventional logic dissipates more power by losing bits of information whereas reversibility recovers bit loss from the unique input-output mapping. This paper presents the design of a reversible fault tolerant booth multiplier which can multiply both signed and unsigned numbers. The proposed circuit tolerant designed using only fault tolerant reversible gates. Thus the entire scheme inherently becomes fault tolerant. Several theorems on the numbers of gates, garbage outputs, quantum cost of the proposed design have been presented to show the efficiency of the design. The result analysis shows that the proposed design is optimized in terms of all cost parameters. The simulation of the proposed circuit verifies the correctness of the circuit.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(3), 199-204, 2018

Simulating Impacts on Regional Economies

2013 ◽  
pp. 132-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy R. West ◽  
Randall W. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Models ◽  
Sire Model ◽  
Cge Models ◽  
Regional Impacts

Practitioners and academics apply a range of regional economic models for impacts assessment. These models extend from a simple economic base through to input-output and econometric models and computable general equilibrium models. All such models have strengths and weaknesses. Dimensions of which impact assessment models are often compared include level of industry detail, data availability, and complexity of behaviour modelled. This chapter presents a model for Simulating Impacts on Regional Economies (SIRE) that occupies an intermediate position between Input-Output (IO), arguably the most widely used model for regional impacts assessments, and Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models. With greater behavioural detail than the typical regional IO model, the SIRE model incorporates many of the features of CGE models without enforcing the strictly linear behavioural relationships of IO. Like most CGE models, the simulation framework presented here borrows a subset of parameters from an existing econometric model for the same region. The SIRE model falls short, however, of the complexity of capturing the full range of behaviours of CGE models.

Simulating Impacts on Regional Economies

2014 ◽  
pp. 1064-1083
Author(s):  
Guy R. West ◽  
Randall W. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Models ◽  
Sire Model ◽  
Cge Models ◽  
Regional Impacts

Practitioners and academics apply a range of regional economic models for impacts assessment. These models extend from a simple economic base through to input-output and econometric models and computable general equilibrium models. All such models have strengths and weaknesses. Dimensions of which impact assessment models are often compared include level of industry detail, data availability, and complexity of behaviour modelled. This chapter presents a model for Simulating Impacts on Regional Economies (SIRE) that occupies an intermediate position between Input-Output (IO), arguably the most widely used model for regional impacts assessments, and Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models. With greater behavioural detail than the typical regional IO model, the SIRE model incorporates many of the features of CGE models without enforcing the strictly linear behavioural relationships of IO. Like most CGE models, the simulation framework presented here borrows a subset of parameters from an existing econometric model for the same region. The SIRE model falls short, however, of the complexity of capturing the full range of behaviours of CGE models.

Input Requirements and Parametric Errors for System Identification Under Periodic Excitation

1972 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Hoberock ◽  
G. W. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Linear System ◽  
Input State ◽  
Matrix Elements ◽  
Periodic Excitation ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Input Matrix ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Single Input ◽  
Work Done

This paper provides the conditions on periodic system excitation necessary for unique identification using a multiple input state model of a dynamic system. Results include the minimum number of input frequencies necessary to uniquely determine all state and input matrix elements of an n dimensional linear system. It is shown that this development encompasses earlier work done on single input-output systems. A technique is provided for predicting parametric errors to be expected from identification under periodic excitation, and several examples are used to illustrate these errors.

Markedness conflation in Optimality Theory

Phonology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul de Lacy
Keyword(s):  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Dominance Relations ◽  
Ranking Theory

Markedness distinctions can be ignored. For example, in some languages stress avoids central vowels, and falls on high peripheral vowels, yet in the Uralic language Nganasan central and high peripheral vowels are treated in the same way: stress avoids both types equally. Such ‘conflation’ of markedness categories is not only language-specific, but also phenomenon-specific. In contrast, dominance relations in markedness hierarchies are universal; e.g. stress never seeks out a central vowel when a high peripheral vowel is available. This article argues that both language-specific conflation and universal markedness relations can be expressed in Optimality Theory. Constraints that refer to a markedness hierarchy must be freely rankable and mention a contiguous range of the hierarchy, including the most marked element. The empirical focus is sonority-driven stress in Nganasan and Kiriwina. In addition, Prince & Smolensky's (1993) fixed ranking theory of markedness hierarchies is shown to be unable to produce the full range of attested conflations.

Single input-output systems containing a small parameter

1989 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1659-1677
Author(s):  
M. E. FISHER ◽  
T. L. VINCENT
Keyword(s):  
Small Parameter ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Single Input
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