Extracting multiword expressions from texts with the aid of online resources

2019 ◽  
Vol 171 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuy Bui ◽  
Frank Boers ◽  
Averil Coxhead
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
Learning Gains ◽  
Classroom Intervention ◽  
Multiword Expressions ◽  
L2 Learners ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract This article reports on a classroom intervention where L2 learners were prompted to look for multiword expressions in texts. The participants were two intact classes of Vietnamese learners of English as a foreign language. Over a period of eight weeks, the experimental group (n = 26) looked for expressions in texts, while the comparison group (n = 28) used the same texts for content-related activities. In pairs, students in the experimental group consulted online dictionaries and an online corpus to help them determine which word strings in the texts were common expressions. The students’ worksheets and audio-recorded interactions suggest they were by and large successful at this, but also reveal the students found it hard to identify the boundaries of expressions and occasionally failed to find the dictionary (sub-)entries that matched them. The two groups’ ability to recall the expressions was gauged by comparing their scores on a pre-test and a post-test administered one week after the last class and again five months later. The learning gains were greater in the experimental group, although the difference fell short of significance in the delayed post-test. Students in the experimental group whose proficiency in English was relatively high tended to benefit the most.

scholarly journals Promoting discovery learning of formulaic language with the aid of online resources: A classroom-based study with intermediate EFL learners

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Thi Bich Thuy Bui
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
Formulaic Language ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Multiword Expressions ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Text Chunking ◽  
Experimental Group

<p>This classroom-based study was motivated by the call for effective pedagogical paths to help learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) acquire multiword expressions (MWEs) in the target language. The central question addressed was how training EFL learners to identify MWEs in authentic texts (text-chunking) with the aid of online dictionaries and the online interface of the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) (http://corpus.byu.edu) affected their uptake and awareness of formulaic language. Learners’ discovery strategies during text-chunking activities were also investigated.  The participants were 54 Vietnamese intermediate-level university students, randomly assigned to an experimental or comparison group. Over ten weeks, the experimental group (n=26) was asked to look for MWEs in texts, while the comparison group (n=28) used the same reading materials for content-related activities. Utilizing a mixed methods approach, this project analysed data gathered from a pre-test, an immediate post-test, a five-month delayed post-test, students’ classroom notes and audio-recorded discussions, and immediate and delayed questionnaires.  Four main findings emerged from this study. Firstly, the practice of text-chunking benefited the students’ retention of the MWEs they identified in the texts. Whereas test results indicated that learning occurred in both groups, the experimental group demonstrated the greater gains in MWE knowledge. Secondly, experimental learners decided to investigate whether given word strings might be MWEs mostly if they were phrases (a) that they had previously seen, (b) that included known words combined in novel ways, and c) that included unknown content words within familiar structures such as verb + preposition, preposition + noun, or binomials (i.e. noun ‘and’ noun). Also, learners relied mostly on constituent words and language contexts to guess the meaning of newly-found MWEs. Thirdly, text-chunking practice with the aid of online dictionaries and COCA heightened the learners’ awareness of the importance of expanding their knowledge of formulaic language. This heightened awareness endured over the five-month gap between the end of the classroom experiment and the final questionnaire. The intervention also concentrated experimental learners’ MWE learning strategies on those practised during the treatment including underlining new MWEs, taking notes, looking them up in dictionaries and COCA, and discussing with peers. Fourthly, while the experimental group reported increased autonomy in strategy use to support their MWE acquisition, the use of online dictionaries and corpora still posed challenges for learners’ self-study. Stumbling blocks included how to choose the resources to consult and how to extract the necessary information from not-so-user-friendly interfaces.  This thesis also discusses pedagogical and methodological implications of the findings so that teachers and learners in EFL contexts can make judicious use of text-chunking activities and online resources for the ultimate purpose of promoting learners’ autonomous MWE acquisition.</p>

scholarly journals Promoting discovery learning of formulaic language with the aid of online resources: A classroom-based study with intermediate EFL learners

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Thi Bich Thuy Bui
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
Formulaic Language ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Multiword Expressions ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Text Chunking ◽  
Experimental Group

<p>This classroom-based study was motivated by the call for effective pedagogical paths to help learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) acquire multiword expressions (MWEs) in the target language. The central question addressed was how training EFL learners to identify MWEs in authentic texts (text-chunking) with the aid of online dictionaries and the online interface of the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) (http://corpus.byu.edu) affected their uptake and awareness of formulaic language. Learners’ discovery strategies during text-chunking activities were also investigated.  The participants were 54 Vietnamese intermediate-level university students, randomly assigned to an experimental or comparison group. Over ten weeks, the experimental group (n=26) was asked to look for MWEs in texts, while the comparison group (n=28) used the same reading materials for content-related activities. Utilizing a mixed methods approach, this project analysed data gathered from a pre-test, an immediate post-test, a five-month delayed post-test, students’ classroom notes and audio-recorded discussions, and immediate and delayed questionnaires.  Four main findings emerged from this study. Firstly, the practice of text-chunking benefited the students’ retention of the MWEs they identified in the texts. Whereas test results indicated that learning occurred in both groups, the experimental group demonstrated the greater gains in MWE knowledge. Secondly, experimental learners decided to investigate whether given word strings might be MWEs mostly if they were phrases (a) that they had previously seen, (b) that included known words combined in novel ways, and c) that included unknown content words within familiar structures such as verb + preposition, preposition + noun, or binomials (i.e. noun ‘and’ noun). Also, learners relied mostly on constituent words and language contexts to guess the meaning of newly-found MWEs. Thirdly, text-chunking practice with the aid of online dictionaries and COCA heightened the learners’ awareness of the importance of expanding their knowledge of formulaic language. This heightened awareness endured over the five-month gap between the end of the classroom experiment and the final questionnaire. The intervention also concentrated experimental learners’ MWE learning strategies on those practised during the treatment including underlining new MWEs, taking notes, looking them up in dictionaries and COCA, and discussing with peers. Fourthly, while the experimental group reported increased autonomy in strategy use to support their MWE acquisition, the use of online dictionaries and corpora still posed challenges for learners’ self-study. Stumbling blocks included how to choose the resources to consult and how to extract the necessary information from not-so-user-friendly interfaces.  This thesis also discusses pedagogical and methodological implications of the findings so that teachers and learners in EFL contexts can make judicious use of text-chunking activities and online resources for the ultimate purpose of promoting learners’ autonomous MWE acquisition.</p>

scholarly journals Pre-post effect sizes should be avoided in meta-analyses

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Cuijpers ◽  
E. Weitz ◽  
I. A. Cristea ◽  
J. Twisk
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Group ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Highly Cited

AimsThe standardised mean difference (SMD) is one of the most used effect sizes to indicate the effects of treatments. It indicates the difference between a treatment and comparison group after treatment has ended, in terms of standard deviations. Some meta-analyses, including several highly cited and influential ones, use the pre-post SMD, indicating the difference between baseline and post-test within one (treatment group).MethodsIn this paper, we argue that these pre-post SMDs should be avoided in meta-analyses and we describe the arguments why pre-post SMDs can result in biased outcomes.ResultsOne important reason why pre-post SMDs should be avoided is that the scores on baseline and post-test are not independent of each other. The value for the correlation should be used in the calculation of the SMD, while this value is typically not known. We used data from an ‘individual patient data’ meta-analysis of trials comparing cognitive behaviour therapy and anti-depressive medication, to show that this problem can lead to considerable errors in the estimation of the SMDs. Another even more important reason why pre-post SMDs should be avoided in meta-analyses is that they are influenced by natural processes and characteristics of the patients and settings, and these cannot be discerned from the effects of the intervention. Between-group SMDs are much better because they control for such variables and these variables only affect the between group SMD when they are related to the effects of the intervention.ConclusionsWe conclude that pre-post SMDs should be avoided in meta-analyses as using them probably results in biased outcomes.

Electronic texts or learning through textbooks: An experimental study

ReCALL ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
NINETTE CARTES-ENRIQUEZ ◽  
M. I. SOLAR RODRIGUEZ ◽  
R. QUINTANA LETELIER
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Computer Lab ◽  
Electronic Texts ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Search For Information ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Traditional Class

This is an experimental study in the area of Didactics applied to the learning of English as a foreign language and complemented by CALL. The main objective of this work is to know the degree of incidence existing between two groups of students: one, based on conference-style classes where students, guided by the teacher, have to search for information about a topic in the computer lab and present it in front of the class and, in the other, where students are taught by the teacher according to a printed text. The experimental design consisted of a pre-test/post-test plus the application of different techniques to develop the different linguistic and cognitive strategies, between these tests. The methodology used by the Experimental Group forced learners to generate their own knowledge, so they had to apply the information and work by themselves in Workshops; and the Control Group participated in the classroom according to the communicative approach, guided by the teacher in the traditional class. Statistics were applied to the scores obtained between both tests, and the scores obtained weekly in the different competences contributed to knowing whether there were significant differences between both groups.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of the Use of Animation in Arabic Language Learning

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhayati Che Hat ◽  
Mohd Fauzi Abdul Hamid ◽  
Shaferul Hafes Sha'ari ◽  
Safawati Basirah Zaid
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Teaching Aid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

Implementation of animation as an Arabic language teaching aid is an innovation in creating an atmosphere that can influence student achievement. This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of the use of animation in Arabic language teaching and learning among diploma students at Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 66 diploma students were randomly selected and divided into experimental group (n = 33) and control group (n = 33). The results obtained from the data collected from pre-and post-test for each group were analyzed using t-test in SPSS version 17.0. The results showed a significant difference of (t = 8789, df = 64, p <0.05) between the achievement of the experimental group and the control group in the post test. The difference in mean score of the experimental group and the control group was 33.03. This shows that there is significant improvement in Arabic language according to the groups. The difference prove that the use of animation in learning sessions contribute to the achievement of students in the Arabic language. This study advocate the idea that animation applications can be integrated as part of language teaching aid to positively improve student achievement, classroom learning environment and student motivation. 

scholarly journals PENGARUH MODEL COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE STUDENT TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN LAY-UP SHOOT BOLA BASKET

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davi Sofyan
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Student Teams ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

The purpose of this study was to determine how much influence the cooperative learning model type student team's achievement division has on basketball shoot lay-up skills. The research method used in this research is a quasi-experimental method. The type of research design used was the non-equivalent group design. The population in this study were students of class XI SMA Negeri 1 Majalengka in 2019 totaling 424 students. The sampling technique used in this study was cluster random sampling technique. The sample in this study amounted to 214 students consisting of class XI IPS 1-4 and XI MIPA 7-8. The experimental group class XI IPS 1-2 and XI MIPA, control group class XI IPS 3-4 and XI MIPA 8. The results showed that the mean pre-test lay-up shoot of the experimental group was 4.09 while the control group was 3.92. The mean post-test shoot lay-up of the experimental group was 6.76 while the control group was 4.72. Furthermore, by looking at 95% confidence interval of the difference, there is a difference between the shoot lay-up results of the experimental group and the control group, which is -0.190 to 2.412. Thus, it can be concluded that STAD is effective in improving basketball shoot lay-up skills.

scholarly journals Improvement of Physical, Honesty, Discipline and Cooperation in Class IV Elementary School Students through Circuit Training Learning Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-250
Author(s):  
Dean Novianti ◽  
I Made Sriundy Mahardika ◽  
Abdul Rachman Tuasikal
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Circuit Training ◽  
School Students ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Efficient Learning ◽  
Experimental Group

Physical education program for sport and health allocates four lesson hour of which each hour consists of 35 minutes in one week. It requires an innovative and efficient learning model in order to improve physical fitness, honesty, discipline, and cooperation. The researcher developes a circuit training learning model in the from circuit games which is a modified form of circuit training. The study aim to examine the effectiveness of the circuit training learning model in improving physical fitness, honesty, discipline, and cooperation in students of Elementary School Sidoarjo. The type of research used is quantitative and qualitative by using research and development method, and data analysis using ANOVA. The data collection process is carried out by pre-test and post-test and then the results of the research data are analyzed using SPSS series 2.0. The results of the study shows (1) the sig value of 0,011 smaller than the 0,05 ( p< 0,05 ), meaning that there is the difference in the results of the TKJ I test on groups of students who are not treated compared to the group of students who are given the learning model. (2) the average group of students who are not given the treatment (control group) is 12,50 while for the group of students         given treatment (experimental group) is 15,15, meaning that there is an increase in test results againts the experimental group at 45%, (4) there is an increase in the observations of the discipline attitude from the control group compared to the experimental group at 35 %, (5) there is an increase in the observations of the discipline attitudes of the control group compared to the experimental group at 55%. Based on the above analysis it can be cocluded that the circuit training learning model can improve physical fitness and cultivate honesty, discipline and cooperattion in students of Elementary School.  

scholarly journals The Effect of Pediatric Inpatient Fall Prevention Education on Caregivers' Fall-related Knowledge and Preventive Behaviors

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-408
Author(s):  
So Yeon Park ◽  
Hyeon Ok Ju
Keyword(s):  
Fall Prevention ◽  
Picture Books ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Prevention Education ◽  
Pediatric Inpatient ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Fall Prevention Education

Purpose: This study aims to identify the effect of pediatric fall prevention education with leaflets and picture books on the fall-related knowledge and preventive behaviors in caregivers of inpatient children. Methods: This study is a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. It divided 62 caregivers of inpatient children aged 5 and under into an experimental group and a control group in P general hospital located in B City. Results: Fall related knowledge score in the experimental group was increased by 2 points after the intervention and the score in the comparison group was increased by 0.1 points. The difference after the intervention in fall related knowledge scores between the two groups was statistically significant (t=7.67, p<.001). The fall related prevention behavior score of the experimental group increased by 9.3 points after the intervention, and the score of the comparison group increased by 2.5 points. The difference in the scores of fall related prevention behaviors between the two groups was statistically significant (t=5.71, p<.001). Conclusion: Pediatric inpatient fall prevention education using leaflets and picture books can improve caregivers' fall-related knowledge and preventive behaviors. In turn, this can reduce children's falls in pediatric wards in general hospitals.

Learning vocabulary in spoken input- and output-based tasks

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong Thao Duong ◽  
Maribel Montero Perez ◽  
Piet Desmet ◽  
Elke Peters
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Learning Gains ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Oral Form ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Subsequent Task

Abstract This experimental study explores the differential effects of spoken input-based and output-based tasks on vocabulary knowledge. The study also investigates whether such tasks result in more learning gains than exposure to input-only (no subsequent task). The study employed a pretest-posttest design with two groups: an experimental group (n = 32) who completed both input- and output-based tasks in a counterbalanced way and a comparison group (n = 12) who were only exposed to L2 input. Vocabulary gains were measured at three levels of sensitivity: oral spontaneous use, oral form recall and meaning recall. The findings showed that participants who were only exposed to L2 input learned significantly fewer words than participants who completed the input-based and output-based tasks. No difference in learning gains was found between the input-based and output-based tasks.

The Learning Assessment Centre and Organisational Transformation

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 810-830
Author(s):  
Jonathan Cook ◽  
Michael Muller ◽  
Ian Cutler
Keyword(s):  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Learning Assessment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Assessment Centre ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

The learning assessment centre helps managers define learning objectives based on feedback in a group of peers. This study tested the hypothesis that the centre empowers managers to cope with change. Statistical methodology for a pre-test, post-test design using ordinal (Likert) data is also reviewed. Middle managers from a bank undergoing major reorganisation were divided into two matched groups. The experimental group spent three days in a learning assessment centre designed to give them self-insight and an understanding of the bank's requirements during the transformation. The control group received no treatment. Both groups were measured before and after the centre on a self-report measure and completed a peer assessment questionnaire completed by subordinates. Fifty-eight managers completed both pre-test and post-test measures. Whilst the subordinates of the control group reported a drop in their managers' empowerment, the subordinates of the experimental group reported a substantial improvement in their managers' empowerment. The difference between the groups was significant for five of the six areas measured. The difference between the self-reported performance of the two groups of managers was significant for only one area. These findings suggest that the learning centre could provide a solution to companies faced with the potentially destructive impact of major transition on management effectiveness.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document