scholarly journals Parental lip-smacks during infant mealtimes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Wiggins ◽  
Leelo Keevallik
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Multimodal Interaction ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
The Social ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Temporal Organisation

Abstract The lip-smack is a communicative sound object that has received very little research attention, with most work examining their occurrence in nonhuman primate interaction. The current paper aims to dissect the social potential of lip-smacks in human interaction. The analysis examines a corpus of 391 lip-smack particles produced by English-speaking parents while feeding their infants. A multimodal interaction analysis details the main features: (1) rhythmical production in a series, (2) facial-embodied aspects, and (3) temporal organisation. Lip-smacks occurred in prosodically grouped chains of mostly 3 or 5 particles, with accompanying facial expressions, and were co-ordinated with the infants’ chewing. They highlight the mechanics of chewing while framing eating as a pleasant interactional event. The paper contributes not only to the distinctly social functions of a sound object hitherto ignored in linguistics but also to research on interactional exchanges in early childhood and their potential connection to the sociality of nonhuman primates.

Empathizing via Mimicry Depends on Whether Emotional Expressions Are Seen as Real

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariëlle Stel ◽  
Roos Vonk
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Emotional Contagion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
The Social

The present studies investigated whether mimicry effects on empathizing depend on whether emotional expressions are seen as acted or real. In Study 1, participants saw a fragment from a reality “soap.” Half of them received an instruction to imitate facial expressions of the main character, while the other half were instructed not to imitate. Participants caught more emotions and reported more perspective-taking (taking the perspective of the target) when imitating expressions. However, among participants who assumed that the emotions were acted, imitation affected emotional contagion, but not perspective-taking. These effects were replicated in Study 2, in which we manipulated whether emotions were perceived as real. In the Discussion, these findings are linked to the social functions of imitation and to the automaticity of emotional contagion.

scholarly journals Combining Multimodal Techniques to Approach the Study of Academic Lectures: A Methodological Reflection

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-198
Author(s):  
Edgar Bernad-Mechó ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Multimodal Interaction ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Multimodal Discourse ◽  
The Social ◽  
Semiotic Resources ◽  
Academic Settings ◽  
Academic Lectures ◽  
Methodological Reflection

This article offers a methodological reflection on the use of multimodal techniques for the study of academic lectures. Three distinct multimodal approaches have been put forward to explore the use of language holistically, namely, multimodal social semiotics (MSS), multimodal discourse analysis (MDA) and multimodal interaction analysis (MIA). These approaches differ in their main focus—the social context, the system of semiotic resources available to the speakers and the social actors, respectively—and the tools they provide to conduct multimodal analyses. To exemplify how analyses may be conducted within each of the paradigms in the context of academic lectures in English, I examine an excerpt extracted from an African-American history lecture from Yale University by a native English speaker in which he organizes his discourse in between content sections. Through the use of short multimodal transcriptions, I discuss how MSS can be used for reflections on the social contexts of academic lectures, MDA describes the use of semiotic resources employed by the lecturers, and MIA can be used to look into how lecturers structure their speech into sequences of actions. Ultimately, I suggest a combination of multimodal methodologies to obtain a broader account of the intricacies of discourse in academic settings.

scholarly journals Apology Strategies Expressed by the Characters in The Proposal Movie

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Amatullah Nabilah ◽  
Nuraziza Aliah
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Strategy ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Social

This research is based on the fact that mistake may occur in human interaction. To minimize its effect, the interlocutor needs to apologize to his/her counterparts. This research focuses on the apology strategies, namely the ways of expressing apologies and the social functions of the apologies in “The Proposal” movie. Descriptive research is applied to investigate the phenomenon of apology. The data were verbal and nonverbal apology expressions taken from the English transcript of the movie. The researcher found 32 data containing apology expressed by the characters. An expression of regret comes as the dominant strategy, direct apologies are expressed more than the indirect ones and assuaging the addressee’s wrath is the most dominant function of the apologies. Even though making mistakes or offence is unavoidable in human communication, by expressing an apology, the speaker will be able to minimize its effect, solve the problem, and restore the threatened relationship.

scholarly journals Address terms in New Zealand English: Tracking changes to the social indexicality of gendered terms of address

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Amy Giles-Mitson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Address Forms ◽  
The Social ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Gender Neutrality ◽  
Address Terms ◽  
Free Status

<p>Recent research has suggested that some conventionally masculine address terms are becoming more gender neutral in English speaking countries. This study examines the four most prominent gendered address forms in New Zealand English: mate, bro, man and guys in order to gain insight into the terms’ social indexicalities, and track any shifts towards gender neutrality. The study takes a mixed-methods approach to analysing two distinct data sets: four corpora of spoken New Zealand English and a data set collected from a range of current media sources. Results from this study suggest that mate is in retreat in younger New Zealanders’ speech, while bro may be increasing in usage as an unmarked form. Results also suggest that both man and guys have a largely gender free status and are being used frequently in New Zealand. These findings contribute to the growing interest sociolinguists are taking in informal address terms by providing an analysis of the interactional and social functions of address forms in New Zealand English.</p>

scholarly journals Address terms in New Zealand English: Tracking changes to the social indexicality of gendered terms of address

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Amy Giles-Mitson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Address Forms ◽  
The Social ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Gender Neutrality ◽  
Address Terms ◽  
Free Status

<p>Recent research has suggested that some conventionally masculine address terms are becoming more gender neutral in English speaking countries. This study examines the four most prominent gendered address forms in New Zealand English: mate, bro, man and guys in order to gain insight into the terms’ social indexicalities, and track any shifts towards gender neutrality. The study takes a mixed-methods approach to analysing two distinct data sets: four corpora of spoken New Zealand English and a data set collected from a range of current media sources. Results from this study suggest that mate is in retreat in younger New Zealanders’ speech, while bro may be increasing in usage as an unmarked form. Results also suggest that both man and guys have a largely gender free status and are being used frequently in New Zealand. These findings contribute to the growing interest sociolinguists are taking in informal address terms by providing an analysis of the interactional and social functions of address forms in New Zealand English.</p>

Speaker-Oriented Attitude Datives in Social Context

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef A. Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Shared Values ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Rapport Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Levantine Arabic ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Social Acts

This chapter examines the social functions of speaker-oriented attitude datives in Levantine Arabic. It analyzes these datives as perspectivizers used by a speaker to instruct her hearer to view her as a form of authority in relation to him, to the content of her utterance, and to the activity they are both involved in. The nature of this authority depends on the sociocultural, situational, and co-textual context, including the speaker’s and hearer’s shared values and beliefs, their respective identities, and the social acts employed in interaction. The chapter analyzes specific instances of speaker-oriented attitude datives as used in different types of social acts (e.g., commands, complaints) and in different types of settings (e.g., family talk, gossip). It also examines how these datives interact with facework, politeness, and rapport management.

Snapshots of tellings in interactions between adults and children aged two, three and three and a half in an Australian context

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 119-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Filipi
Keyword(s):  
Social Activity ◽  
Second Child ◽  
Object A ◽  
Birthday Party ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
The Social ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Australian English

This paper examines how and by whom tellings with two young children are triggered at ages 23, 36 and 42 months. The data for the investigation is derived from a larger Australian English corpus of over 50 hours of interactions in the home, although one of the children is a bilingual Italian/ English-speaking child. The data is derived from two parent/child dyads, and in the case of the child aged 42 months, a triadic interaction between a mother, her own child and a second child. Using the micro-analytic methods of conversation analysis, the study analyses five samples of tellings. The first two describe how a child, Cassandra, aged 23 months, is invited to recount events of her day by her parents. The trigger for these tellings is the social activity of sharing everyday routine events. The next two samples focus on Rosie at 36 months who is also invited to share a telling by her parent about a birthday party celebration and one about a neighbourhood cat, Claude. The first telling is triggered by an object, a balloon from a birthday party from the day before, while the second is triggered by play involving the character of a cat, initially derived from a favourite story, Hairy Maclary. In the final sample, Cassandra, aged 42 months, initiates a telling about an experience at her grandmother’s which is trigged by a picture in a book. The analyses in each case reveal the interactional issues that arise in the action of telling and how these are dealt with by all participants. By focusing on the three ages, key features in the children’s participation in storytelling are uncovered.

REKONSTRUKSI DAN REAKTUALISASI LITERASI EKOLOGI SOSIAL ISLAM

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heru Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Social Ecology ◽  
Social Space ◽  
The State ◽  
Ecological Literacy ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Ecological Awareness ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social

Literasi ekologi sosial Islam adalah interaksi manusia dengan lingkungan alam, teknologi, dan sosial yang didasarkan pada prinsip dasar Islam. Rekonstruksi literasi ekologi sosial Islam yang bisa direkonstruksi adalah prinsip dasar Islam yang menegaskan posisi manusia sebagai “pemimpin” yang diberi “amanah” untuk mengelola “bumi” atau “lingkungan alam dan sumber daya alam” sebaik-baiknya. Rekonstruksi literasi ekologis inilah yang kemudian akan diaktualisasikan pada masyarakat. Proses aktualisasi adalah kegiatan aktual dalam menanamkan kesadaran ekologi sosial Islam pada masyarakat yang mana dilakukan dalam ruang sosial keluarga, masyarakat, dan sekolah yang diorganisasi oleh negara melalui kebijakan dan peraturan per undang-undangan. Dengan proses rekonstruksi dan aktualisasi yang terstruktur ini, maka negara akan aktif membangun kesadaran ekologis sosial Islam dengan aktif dan terstruktur dengan baik guna mewujudkan basis kesadaran, ilmu pengetahuan, dan tata nilai ekologi sosial Islam pada masyarakat. Literacy on Islamic social ecology is the human interaction with the natural environment, technology, and social which is based on the basic principles of Islam. Reconstruction of literacy on Islamic social ecology that can be reconstructed is a basic tenet of Islam that affirms the human position as a "leader" by "mandate" to manage "Earth" or "natural environment and natural resources" as well as possible. Reconstruction of ecological literacy is then to be actualized in society. The process of actualization is actual activity in instilling awareness of the social ecology of Islam in the society which is done in the social space of families, communities, and schools organized by the state through policies and regulations. With the process of reconstruction and actualization, then the state will actively build social-ecological awareness of Islam in order to realize a base of awareness, knowledge, and values of Islamic social ecology in society.

Pro linhvistychni pokaznyky vzayemodiyi mova – kulʹtura na prykladi analizu polʹsʹko- ukrayinsʹkoho pohranychchya XV-XIXst.

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-148
Author(s):  
Halyna Маtsyuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Polish Language

The article is devoted to the formation of a linguistic interpretation of the interaction of language and culture of the Polish-Ukrainian border territories. The material for the analysis includes nomic systems of Ukrainian and Polish languages, which are considered as a cultural product of interpersonal and interethnic communication and an element of the language system, as well as invariant scientific theory created in the works of Polish onomastics (according to key theoretical concepts, tradition of analysis, and continuity in linguistic knowledge). The analysis performed in the article allows us to single out the linguistic indicators of the interaction of language and culture typical for the subject field of sociolinguistics. These are connections and concepts: language-territory, language-social strata, language-gender, language-ethnicity, social functions of the Polish language, and non-standardized spelling systems. Linguistic indicators reveal the peculiar mechanisms of the border in the historical memory and collective consciousness, marking the role of languages in these areas as a factor of space and cultural marker and bringing us closer to understanding the social relations of native speakers in the fifteenth-nineteenth centuries.

An Overview of the Social Functions of Gossip in the Hospitals

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Babaei Aghbolagh ◽  
Farzad Sattari Ardabili
Keyword(s):  
Social Functions ◽  
The Social
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