Does ontogenetic ritualization explain early communicative gestures in human infants?

2012 ◽  
pp. 33-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Marentette ◽  
Elena Nicoladis
Keyword(s):  
Human Infants ◽  
Ontogenetic Ritualization ◽  
Communicative Gestures

A cross-cultural comparison of communicative gestures in human infants during the transition to language

Gesture ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 201-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Blake ◽  
Grace Vitale ◽  
Patricia Osborne ◽  
Esther Olshansky
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Language Measures ◽  
Communicative Gestures ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Relationship

The entire bodily gestural repertoire of four different infant groups was coded over the age period of 9 to 15 months. Two small samples of English-Canadian and Parisian-French infants were filmed every two weeks at home. A larger sample of Japanese infants was visited for 7 sessions and of Italian-Canadian infants for 4 sessions at 9 months and 15 months and again at 3 years. Language measures were collected for the last two groups. Increases in Comment gestures, particularly pointing, in Object exchange gestures, and in Agency gestures were found across almost all groups. Decreases in Reach-request and in Emotive gestures were also found for most groups. The increasing group of gestures was positively related to vocabulary acquisition, particularly to receptive vocabulary. Reach-request and Protest gestures at 15 months were negative related to different aspects of language at 3 years. The importance of examining the entire nonverbal communicative repertoire across cultures is discussed in terms of assessing the relationship of gestures to language acquisition. Changes in the gestural repertoire appear to be universal across infants of different cultures, at least those examined.

A cross-cultural comparison of communicative gestures in human infants during the transition to language

Gesture ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 201-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Blake ◽  
Grace Vitale ◽  
Patricia Osborne ◽  
Esther Olshansky
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Language Measures ◽  
Communicative Gestures ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Relationship

The entire bodily gestural repertoire of four different infant groups was coded over the age period of 9 to 15 months. Two small samples of English-Canadian and Parisian-French infants were filmed every two weeks at home. A larger sample of Japanese infants was visited for 7 sessions and of Italian-Canadian infants for 4 sessions at 9 months and 15 months and again at 3 years. Language measures were collected for the last two groups. Increases in Comment gestures, particularly pointing, in Object exchange gestures, and in Agency gestures were found across almost all groups. Decreases in Reach-request and in Emotive gestures were also found for most groups. The increasing group of gestures was positively related to vocabulary acquisition, particularly to receptive vocabulary. Reach-request and Protest gestures at 15 months were negative related to different aspects of language at 3 years. The importance of examining the entire nonverbal communicative repertoire across cultures is discussed in terms of assessing the relationship of gestures to language acquisition. Changes in the gestural repertoire appear to be universal across infants of different cultures, at least those examined.

Functional characterization of human brown adipose tissue metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (7) ◽  
pp. 1261-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Anne Richard ◽  
Hannah Pallubinsky ◽  
Denis P. Blondin
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
And Function

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has long been described according to its histological features as a multilocular, lipid-containing tissue, light brown in color, that is also responsive to the cold and found especially in hibernating mammals and human infants. Its presence in both hibernators and human infants, combined with its function as a heat-generating organ, raised many questions about its role in humans. Early characterizations of the tissue in humans focused on its progressive atrophy with age and its apparent importance for cold-exposed workers. However, the use of positron emission tomography (PET) with the glucose tracer [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) made it possible to begin characterizing the possible function of BAT in adult humans, and whether it could play a role in the prevention or treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review focuses on the in vivo functional characterization of human BAT, the methodological approaches applied to examine these features and addresses critical gaps that remain in moving the field forward. Specifically, we describe the anatomical and biomolecular features of human BAT, the modalities and applications of non-invasive tools such as PET and magnetic resonance imaging coupled with spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) to study BAT morphology and function in vivo, and finally describe the functional characteristics of human BAT that have only been possible through the development and application of such tools.

The ocular orientation of newborn human infants to visual contours

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Kessen ◽  
Philip Salapatek ◽  
Marshall M. Haith
Keyword(s):  
Human Infants
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