Gesture reuse as distributed embodied cognition

Gesture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Johanne S. Philipsen ◽  
Sarah Bro Trasmundi
Keyword(s):  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Distributed Cognition ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Intimate Link

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the intimate link between hands and minds – or rather: How the hands are a means for exploring thoughts in collaboration with others. Specifically, this study investigates a series of locally occurring instances of gestural reuse in naturally occurring psychotherapeutic interaction. The repetition of gestural sequences and formats in interaction has been researched as serving pragmatic functions of building cohesion (McNeill & Levy, 1993) and managing different aspects of turn-taking (Koschmann & LeBaron, 2002). Taking a micro-analytic approach to the study of gesture, we show how reusing other participants’ gestures in the context of psychotherapy serves additional functions: As affordances for shared, embodied cognition. The study contributes to the growing body of research on gesture as a co-participated, co-operative (Goodwin, 2013, 2018) and embodied phenomenon that criss-cross the boundaries of inside-the-skull, individual-centered and socially distributed cognition.

Referring to past actions in caregiver–child interaction in Japanese

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 92-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyo Takagi
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Past Experiences

In naturally occurring everyday caregiver–child interaction, a major part of what is hearable as storytelling or an incipient form of it is talk about participants’ (mostly children’s) past experiences. Adopting a conversation-analytic approach, this study attempts to show how explicit references to children’s past actions formulated in the form of [(X) did (Y)], where X is the young child interacting with the caregiver, can engender opportunities for participants to develop telling activities. Through the detailed analysis of talk and embodied features of telling sequences in each case, the analysis will reveal how the [(X) did (Y)]-format utterance is utilized for co-constructing the telling, and what social and interactional consequences are accomplished through the telling occasioned by such reference.

Vi snakker sådan: An analysis of the Danish discourse-pragmatic marker sådan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Christian Schoning ◽  
Jørn Helder ◽  
Chloé Diskin-Holdaway
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Spoken Discourse ◽  
Pragmatic Markers ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Self Repair ◽  
Interactional Discourse

Abstract The last three decades have witnessed increasing interest in discourse-pragmatic markers (DPMs), both with regards to their high frequency in spoken discourse and their multifunctionality in interaction. Most studies have centered on English, with studies on Danish restricted to a handful of previous interactional discourse analyses. This paper is a preliminary investigation of the Danish word sådan (commonly glossed as ‘such’ or ‘like this/that’). A qualitative, form-based, discourse analytic approach is undertaken on over 40 minutes of naturally occurring Danish talk to argue that sådan qualifies as a DPM. In service of textual, subjective, and intersubjective macro-functions, sådan illustrates; exemplifies; marks hesitation; approximates a quantity; mitigates, hedges, or softens; and allows self-correction or self-repair. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for sådan’s place in the Danish DPM system and our understanding of DPMs across languages.

Restrictiveness, exclusivity, adversativity, and mirativity

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Fang Wang ◽  
Mei-Chi Tsai ◽  
Wayne Schams ◽  
Chi-Ming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Discourse Marker ◽  
Spoken Discourse ◽  
Interactional Linguistics ◽  
English Only ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Turn Taking

Mandarin Chinese zhishi (similar to English ‘only’), comprised of the adverb zhi and the copula shi, can act as an adverb (ADV) or a discourse marker (DM). This study analyzes the role of zhishi in spoken discourse, based on the methodological and theoretical principles of interactional linguistics and conversation analysis. The corpus used in this study consists of three sets of data: 1) naturally-occurring daily conversations; 2) radio/TV interviews; and 3) TV panel discussions on current political affairs. As a whole, this study reveals that the notions of restrictiveness, exclusivity, and adversativity are closely associated with ADV zhishi and DM zhishi. In addition, the present data show that since zhishi is often used to express a ‘less than expected’ feeling, it can be used to indicate mirativity (i.e. language indicating that an utterance conveys the speaker’s surprise). The data also show that the distribution of zhishi as an adverb or discourse marker depends on turn taking systems and speech situations in spoken discourse. Specifically, the ADV zhishi tends to occur in radio/TV interviews and TV panel news discussions, while the DM zhishi occurs more often in casual conversations.

scholarly journals Rules at Play: Correcting Projectable Violations of Who Plays Next

Human Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Svensson ◽  
Burak S. Tekin
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Practical Problem ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Social ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Interactional Perspective ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

AbstractThis study examines the situated use of rules and the social practices people deploy to correct projectable rule violations in pétanque playing activities. Drawing on Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis, and using naturally occurring video recordings, this article investigates socially organized occasions of rule use, and more particularly how rules for turn-taking at play are reflexively established in and through interaction. The alternation of players in pétanque is dependent on and consequential for the progressivity of the game and it is a practical problem for the players when a participant projects to break a rule of “who plays next”. The empirical analysis shows that formulating rules is a practice for indicating and correcting incipient violations of who plays next, which retrospectively invoke and establish the situated expectations that constitute the game as that particular game. Focusing on the anticipative corrections of projectable violations of turn-taking rules, this study revisits the concept of rules, as they are played into being, from a social and interactional perspective. We argue and demonstrate that rules are not prescriptions of game conduct, but resources that reflexively render the players’ conducts intelligible as playing the game they are engaging in.

Turn Taking in E-Mail Discussions

2011 ◽  
pp. 755-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Common Method ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Priority System ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Current Speaker ◽  
E Mail

This chapter investigates turn taking in naturally occurring e-mail discussions. In e-mail discussions, participants can self select to contribute at any time, turns cannot be interrupted, and adjacency cannot be guaranteed. However, participants engage in recognisable discussions and “speaker” change occurs. Patterns of turn taking can be observed in the data, and there are many parallels with spoken conversation. In e-mail discussions, the current participant may select a new participant, and those selected usually respond; participants may self select (the most common method of turn taking); and the current participant may choose to continue, either by writing an extended turn or by sending separate consecutive messages. Response is not obligatory unless a respondent has been specified. There is no priority system through which a change of participant takes priority. Because there is less pressure toward current speaker selects last, the system encourages multiple participants to engage in the discussion.

scholarly journals How phonetic features project more talk

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Local ◽  
Gareth Walker
Keyword(s):  
Telephone Call ◽  
British English ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Interactional Analysis ◽  
Phonetic Features ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
Pitch Accents ◽  
Relevant Factors

Investigations into the management of turn-taking have typically focussed on pitch and other prosodic phenomena, particularly pitch-accents. Here, non-pitch phonetic features and their role in turn-taking are described. Through sustained phonetic and interactional analysis of a naturally occurring, 12-minute long telephone call between two adult speakers of British English, sets of talk-projecting and turn-projecting features are identified. Talk-projecting features include the avoidance of durational lengthening, articulatory anticipation, continuation of voicing, the production of talk in maximally close proximity to a preceding point of possible turn-completion, and the reduction of consonants and vowels. Turn-projecting features include the converse of each of the talk-projecting features, and two other distinct features: release of plosives at the point of possible turn-completion, and the production of audible outbreaths. We show that features of articulatory and phonatory quality and duration are relevant factors in the design and treatment of talk as talk- or turn-projective.

scholarly journals Animals and music: Between cultural definitions and sensory evidence

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 423-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Memory ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Music And Language ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Musical Activity ◽  
Aesthetic Sense ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Sensory Evidence ◽  
Complex Cognition ◽  
The Creation

It was once thought that solely humans were capable of complex cognition but research has produced substantial evidence to the contrary. Art and music, however, are largely seen as unique to humans and the evidence seems to be overwhelming, or is it? Art indicates the creation of something novel, not naturally occurring in the environment. To prove its presence or absence in animals is difficult. Moreover, connections between music and language at a neuroscientific as well as a behavioural level are not fully explored to date. Even more problematic is the notion of an aesthetic sense. Music, so it is said, can be mimetic, whereas birdsong is not commonly thought of as being mimetic but as either imitation or mimicry and, in the latter case, as a ‘mindless’ act (parrots parroting). This paper will present a number of examples in which animals show signs of responsiveness to music and even engage in musical activity and this will be discussed from an ethological perspective. A growing body of research now reports that auditory memory and auditory mechanisms in animals are not as simplistic as once thought and evidence suggests, in some cases, the presence of musical abilities in animals.

Embodied orientations towards co-participants in multinational meetings

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassiliki Markaki ◽  
Lorenza Mondada
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Multinational Company ◽  
Business Meetings ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
The Way

The interactional organization of meetings is an important locus of observation for understanding the way in which institutions are talked into being. This article contributes to this growing body of research by focusing on turn-taking and participation in business meetings, approached within conversation analysis in a sequential and multimodal way. On the basis of a corpus of video-recorded corporate meetings of a multinational company, in which managers coming from several European branches convene, the article takes into consideration the embodied orientations of the participants as they address each other, as they turn to particular addressees or groups in a recipient designed way while describing, informing, announcing events and results, and as they make relevant specific participants’ identities – especially national categories – and, in this way, display specific local expectations regarding rights and obligations to talk and to know.

scholarly journals Blurring the boundaries between domestic and digital spheres

Pragmatics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Rosenbaun ◽  
Sheizaf Rafaeli ◽  
Dennis Kurzon
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Domestic Sphere ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Digital Sphere

This study explores the phenomenon of multiactivity during recreational video-mediated communication (VMC) through the analysis of competing engagements. From a data corpus of naturally occurring interactions in public Google Hangouts, we focus on instances of competing engagements triggered by the co-presence of unratified participants in broadcasters’ physical environments. As users are immersed in their everyday spaces, interferences from their domestic sphere are common occurrences that break the participatory framework established in the digital sphere. Following a conversation analytic approach, we intend to show that these interferences lead to competing engagements that can be exploited rather than simply dealt with. Drawing on literature on multiactivity, we argue that participants at times organize and coordinate these multiple engagements to add playfulness and advance their interactions. In sum, this study aims to highlight how situated competing streams of action are coordinated and the purpose they may serve in recreational VMC.

Silence gestures revisited

Gesture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 246-268
Author(s):  
Søren Beck Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Dynamics Analysis ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Search Processes ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Word Search

Abstract This paper revives an interest in a gestural phenomenon: silence gestures, that is, cases where speakers suspend talk and produce a gesture in momentary silence. Earlier research noted this phenomenon, but largely left interactional details unaddressed. Consequently, we have known of the phenomenon for a long time, but known very little about how interactants use it. This study applies conversation analysis to elucidate silence gestures as they appear during naturally occurring Danish interaction. Two classes are considered: i) silence gestures that occur during word search processes and ii) ‘no-problem’ silence gestures. Analysis of the first class offers more nuances to previous assumptions about its affiliation with process difficulties and turn-taking dynamics. Analysis of the second class disconfirms the belief that silence gestures foremost relate to speech difficulties. It reveals that speakers actively postpone or suspend speech production to achieve a turn-intra pauses, which enables them to momentarily foreground the gestural act.

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