African Bermudian English and the Caribbean connection

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Eberle ◽  
Daniel Schreier
Keyword(s):  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Population Demographics ◽  
Turks And Caicos Islands ◽  
Phonological Features ◽  
The World ◽  
Transfer Pattern ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Bermudian English (BerE) is one of the least documented varieties of English that has undergone full nativisation. The only source we are aware of is Ayres (1933), who provides an overview of some selected phonological features. The present paper has two aims: first, to provide a preliminary morphosyntactic profile of African Bermudian English (ABerE) and to anchor this variety in the quickly emerging canon of lesser-known varieties of English around the world (Schreier et al. 2010), and second, to gain some first typological insights whether or not it aligns with English in the Caribbean (and if so, with which varieties), as has been claimed by some sources (e.g. Trudgill 2002). With this aim, we report some first findings from a fieldwork study on the island and in a later step compare these with selected Caribbean varieties — Bahamian English (BahE), Bajan, Jamaican English, and Vincentian Creole, as reported in the Electronic World Atlas of Varieties of English (Kortmann and Lunkenheimer 2011). We argue that morphosyntactic similarities and differences between the varieties are explained by the Bermudian community’s sociohistorical and sociolinguistic contexts, including settlement patterns, population demographics, and peopling, and that the emergence and origins of a stable localised variety of (A)BerE need to be approached with reference to the historical connections between Bermuda and the communities that provided donor varieties. We further argue in favor of a two-way transfer pattern: Caribbean Englishes are likely to have influenced the evolution of English on Bermuda, while BerE itself was an influential input variety in other locations (particularly the Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands).

scholarly journals Absence of Saharan dust influence on the strontium isotope ratios on modern trees from the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Schulting ◽  
Mike Richards ◽  
John Pouncett ◽  
Bryan Naqqi Manco ◽  
Ethan Freid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Sr Isotope ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Turks And Caicos Islands ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bahamian Archipelago

AbstractWe report on strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotope results from 91 modern trees growing on the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands. The average87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.709169±0.000010 is consistent with the late Quaternary limestone of the islands and with the modern ocean value. The absence of any detectable influence of87Sr-enriched Saharan dust is notable, given the known contribution of this material to both past and recent soils of the Caribbean. Our results indicate that the impact of Saharan dust to the modern biosphere of the Bahamian archipelago is at least an order of magnitude less than modeled in currently available strontium isoscapes for the circum-Caribbean. We suggest that the bioavailability of Sr in Saharan dust may be considerably less than previously thought. Nevertheless, further work could usefully be carried out in the Bahamian archipelago on plants with different rooting depths, growing on different soil types and on limestone of different ages. Our results have particular relevance for the refinement of existing strontium isoscapes and the archaeological provenience of artifacts, animals, and people in the circum-Caribbean.

COMPARATIVE METHOD IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW: BETWEEN PRESUMPTIONS OF SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 84-113
Author(s):  
ALEXANDRA A. TROITSKAYA
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Universal Principles ◽  
The World ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The two main approaches to the use of the comparative method in legal research, functional and cultural, have some "predetermined" considerations regarding the results that will (or should) be discovered by comparing various legal phenomena — should the emphasis be on similarities or differences between these phenomena. These considerations are based on the vision of, respectively, the universal or pluralistic nature of law of various societies, and in fact they are able to correct substantially the process of cognition of legal phenomena using the comparative method, adjusting it to the desired result. In the case of similarities, we can talk about artificially narrowing the circle of countries under investigation. In the case of differences, the isolation of systems and the uniqueness of their cultural characteristics are unreasonably exaggerated. The alternative assumptions presented in the theory of comparative law regarding the existence of universal principles of law or the fundamental uniqueness of each legal system require a critical rethinking of constitutional provisions and practice in comparative studies. The use of the comparative method in constitutional law is not reducible to the implementation of the ideas of political philosophy, and objective conclusions should not be replaced by predetermined normative guidelines. The similarities and differences revealed by the researcher of constitutional ideas, norms and practices can be considered as a result of comparison of independent value.Constitutional law is associated with a variety of substantial constructs existing in the world, not excluding, however, their intercommunication. Understanding these constructions requires attention to both the similarities and the differences in specific legal orders (as well as the reasons for their functioning in this, and not another form). The use of the comparative method in the absence of striving for predetermined results is simultaneously aimed at understanding the laws of development of constitutional institutions and maintaining the horizon of their diversity as an important component of this development. Each time, the researcher should distance himself from his prejudices regarding the similarities or differences between the institutes under study, rechecking whether the obtained results are really the results of applying the comparative method, and not the initial constructions.The logic of a comparative study corresponds to the construction of theories of "middle level", aimed at forming the theoretical model of a particular legal in-stitution, taking into account the practice of implementing this institution in specific states. The focus on middle-level theories within the framework of the comparative method allows one to go beyond the description of single systems, formulate conclusions at the level of generalization that ensure the comparability of the studied objects, and at the same time maintain an understanding of the diversity of constitutional models.

Caribbean French-African Creole and African Metaphysics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanétha Vété-Congolo
Keyword(s):  
African Language ◽  
The West ◽  
French Empire ◽  
African Languages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Per Se

The Euro-enslavement enterprise in America expanded the European geography temporarily, and, more lastingly, its culturo-linguistic and philosophical influence. The deportation of millions of Africans within that enterprise similarly extended the African presence in this part of the world, especially in the Caribbean. Africans deported by the French Empire spoke languages of the West Atlantic Mande, Kwa, or Voltaic groups. They arrived in their new and final location with their languages. However, no African language wholly survived the ordeal of enslavement in the Caribbean. This signals language as perhaps the most important political and philosophical instrument of colonization. I am therefore interested in “Pawòl,” that is, the ethical, human, and humanist responses Africans brought to their situation through language per se and African languages principally. I am also interested in the metaphysical value of “Pawòl.”

The “all‐inclusive” concept in the Caribbean

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Issa ◽  
Chandana Jayawardena
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
The World ◽  
Inclusive Concept ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Necessary Evil

Seeks to review the all‐inclusive concept in the context of the Caribbean. The origin of all‐inclusives in the world and the Caribbean is analysed. The concept was first introduced in holiday camps in Britain during the 1930s. Club Med is credited for popularizing the concept globally in the 1950s. However, the credit of introducing a luxury version of the all‐inclusive concept goes to a Jamaican hotelier and co‐author of this article. In defining the concept of all‐inclusives, one cannot ignore the significant role Jamaica has played. Currently, Jamaica has 17 of the best 100 all‐inclusive resorts in the world. Even though all‐inclusives are occasionally criticized, they are seen as a necessary evil. Concludes by predicting that all‐inclusives are here to stay in the Caribbean and will play a major role in tourism for the foreseeable future.

America on Stage: the World in the Classroom

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (41) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Caleen Sinnette Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Assistant Professor ◽  
Television Studies ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
American University ◽  
American Theatre ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group Presentations ◽  
The World ◽  
Similarities And Differences

In this, the third paper originally presented at the ATHE conference in Atlanta in 1992, Caleen Sinnette Jennings, Assistant Professor of Theatre in the American University, Washington, DC, discusses the problems and rewards of introducing American theatre, film, and television studies to a class of sixty students from a wide variety of nations and social backgrounds. Outlining the ideas and intentions behind a wide-ranging syllabus, she quotes from group presentations and individual responses to illustrate how works deeply rooted in American culture and assumptions can stimulate the recognition and discussion of social and cultural similarities and differences among responsive students.

scholarly journals ‘So many sparks of fire’: Dorothy Cottrell, modernism and mobility

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-177
Author(s):  
Jessica White
Keyword(s):  
Still Life ◽  
National Library ◽  
World Book ◽  
The World ◽  
Sydney Harbour ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Australian Flora ◽  
Art School

AbstractThe broad brush strokes of Dorothy Cottrell's paintings in the National Library of Australia mark her as a modernist artist, although not one who painted the burgeoning Sydney Harbour Bridge or bright still-life paintings of Australian flora. Rather, she captured the dun surrounds of Ularunda Station, the remote Queensland property to which she moved in 1920 after attending art school in Sydney. At Ularunda, Cottrell eloped with the bookkeeper to Dunk Island, where they stayed with nature writer E.J. Banfield, then relocated to Sydney. In 1924 they returned to Ularunda and Cottrell swapped her paintbrush for a pen, writing The Singing Gold. After advice from Mary Gilmore, whom her mother accosted in a pub, Cottrell send it to the Ladies Home Journal in America. It was snapped up immediately, optioned for a film and found a publisher in England, who described it as ‘a great Australian book, and a world book’. Gilmore added, ‘As an advertisement for Australia, it will go far — the Ladies Home Journal is read all over the world’. Cottrell herself also went far, emigrating to America, where she wrote The Silent Reefs, set in the Caribbean. Cottrell's creative, intellectual and physical peregrinations — all undertaken in a wheelchair after she contracted polio at age five — show how the local references the international, and vice versa. Through an analysis of the life and writing of this now little-known Queensland author, this essay reflects the regional and transnational elements of modernism as outlined in Neal Alexander and James Moran's Regional Modernisms, illuminating how a crack-shot with a rifle once took Queensland to the world.

Commemorating EMDR’s 25th Anniversary byHighlighting EMDR Humanitarian Projects

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Maxfield
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Refugee Camp ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
25Th Anniversary ◽  
Clinical Vignettes ◽  
Humanitarian Crises ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Emdr Therapy

This editorial introduces the special issue of the Journal of EMDR Practice and Research that commemorates the 25th anniversary of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy by highlighting EMDR humanitarian programs around the world—in North America, Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. EMDR therapy is a valuable and appropriate intervention in humanitarian crises, given its effectiveness as a brief individual treatment, consecutive-day application, and group therapy. There are many compelling clinical vignettes in this issue, including some from a refugee camp in Syria, a hurricane in South America, and earthquakes in India and Italy. The authors in this issue bring years of experience to their articles, and their commentary on the challenges, future needs, and concerns is illuminating and thought-provoking.

scholarly journals The Applications of Intention (Qaedat al- Umu:r bi Maqasidaha) in Saudi Law: A Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Majed Al-Shaibani
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
The West ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Sharia Law ◽  
The World ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
New Vision ◽  
Western Law

The current study aims to tackle the theoretical understanding of intention as between Sharia and law. It addresses the similarities and differences in the analysis of interpretation of intention across sharia law and law. The paper contrasts between the two ways of dealing with the concept of intention that is both technical and intuitive, across law and religion. Starting from the hypothesis that the concept of intention in sharia law originated in classical contextual realities different from the contemporary realities of Saudi Arabia and become outdated, the study attempts to answer the following questions: How can the concept of intention be adapted to the new socio-economic realities of Saudi Arabia with its new vision toward the world? How can the concept of intentionality adopt by sharia benefits from the analysis of law theory relating to intention? In order to answer the questions of the study, the study adopts the comparative law methodology through which concept of intention is comparatively examined in both sharia and law. The research investigates the historical and cultural context that gives rise to the concept of intentionality in both sharia law and law, as it helps reflect on aspects of similarity and differences and how gap between the sharia law and law can be bridged. The collected data is obtained through comparing sharia law in Saudi Arabia to the law applied in the West. The study has reached a conclusion that the sound methodological application of the concept of intention in sharia law requires the integration of elements and concepts from the Western law concept of intention.

scholarly journals Twitter under Storm: Social Media Response Sensitization in the Caribbean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo T Perez-Rivera ◽  
Alexis Josué Martínez ◽  
Adriana Pons ◽  
Alejandro Rodríguez-Natal ◽  
Sergio Andrés Davila-Santana
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Previous History ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Rising Sea Levels ◽  
Hurricane Exposure ◽  
Effective Design

Climate change has led to rising sea levels and warmer sea surface temperatures. These factors contribute greatly to the intensity of hurricanes and floods they provoke. Projections estimate there will be an increase of 45% to 87% in the frequency of Category >4 hurricanes originating in the Atlantic Basin, which typically impact the Caribbean and Continental United States of America. During the 2019 Hurricane Season, there were 20 depressions, 18 storms, 6 hurricanes and 3 major hurricanes. Through this work, we explored the response on Social Media to these natural phenomena as a function of their trajectory, intensity, and previous exposure of the population to intense natural disasters. Data was collected through the Twitter API. The influences of hurricane proximity and intensity on volume of Social Media production was explored. Hurricane Dorian, with its trajectory strongly threatening the previously exposed Puerto Rico, and eventually causing widespread damage in the Abaco Islands of the Bahamas, presented the strongest case for the evaluation of the dichotomy of responses between populations with differences in previous history of exposure. The landscape of historic hurricane exposure Caribbean has radically changed in recent years. Taking advantage of Big Data to help elucidate these dynamics could be instrumental in the tailoring of emergency preparedness plans and the effective design of mental health first aid strategies.

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